烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

川明参与北沙参中氨基酸的测定

测定了中药川明参和北沙参中氨基酸的含量和组成。结果表明：川明参和北沙参至少含１３种氨基酸，其中含丰富的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸，还含有人体必需的七种氨基酸，为全面深入地研究和开发这两种药物提供了参考依据     

RP-HPLC法测定木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量

目的:测定木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,用kromasil色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速1ml·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长225nm.结果:在0.4～1.4μg之间,峰面积与进样量的线性关系为A=671028.2864C-65332.7036(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97.3%.结论:所建方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量测定.     

民族药千斤拔和单面针及金樱根的考释

对民族药千斤拔、单面针、金樱根的民族药名、植物来源、民族药性、功能主治、临床应用等进行了本草学及民族医药学文献考证，并结合现有标准收载情况，证实了这3种药物不仅是地方性常用中药，也是土家族、苗族、侗族、瑶族、壮族等少数民族的常用民族药物.     

HPLC研究芍药甘草汤合煎与分煎的化学成分变化

研究芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎提取物中化学成分的差异。方法：以常规方法制备芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎的提取物,采用HPLC法,考察并确定最佳的检测波长,并采用优化的色谱条件对芍药甘草汤的合煎和分煎提取物进行测定,比较两者HPLC图谱的差异。结果：合煎后未发现明显新峰,但合煎和分煎提取物各共有峰相对积分面积存在差异,合煎提取物中主要化学成分的提取率大于分煎提取物,且共有化学成分的比例也不同。结论：芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎提取物中主要化学成分组成比例存在差异。     

丹参三七配伍的效应特点与基于效应的新药设计思路

结合药效物质、体内体外药理实验研究的具体数据进行综合分析,总结出丹参、三七配伍组合后的效应特点和表现形式,进而提出基于组分效应关系、组分配伍优化设计、研制现代中药的新思路。     

中药续断的化学成分研究

利用大孔树脂、MCI柱色谱、制备液相等对续断化学成分进行研究,通过NMR、HR-ESI-MS等波谱方法鉴定分离得到的化合物结构。从续断药材中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为5个三萜皂苷:川续断皂苷Ⅵ(1)、威严仙皂苷A(2)、续断皂苷A(3)、3-O-(2-O-乙酰基)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)、3-O-(4-O-乙酰基)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(5),6个环烯醚萜苷:马钱苷酸(6)、马钱子苷(7)、当药苷(8)、续断苷A(9)、续断苷B(10)、林生续断苷I(11),以及2个其他类成分:5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(12)、α-亚麻酸(13),其中化合物4、12、13为首次从续断药材中分离得到,也是首次从川续断属植物中分离得到。该研究进一步丰富了续断药材化学成分组成,对于建立以质量标志物为药材优劣评价依据的续断药材质量标准提供了物质基础,同时为进一步阐释续断“发汗”加工前后化学成分及其含量的变化、化学成分转化机制研究提供了更丰富的化学物质基础。     

幂线性空间的维数与基

首次给出了幂线性空间的概念,得到了线性空间的幂集提升,进而给出并讨论了幂线性空间的基、维数.     

基数排序及其基于位操作的优化

采用“大O表示法“客观地分析了基数排序算法的时间复杂度,给出了基数排序算法的实现和正确性的证明,并与比较排序算法作了横向的运行时间的对比.对基数排序效率不佳的现状,提出了用位操作方法来优化基数排序,并通过实验证实:优化后的基数排序算法明显提高了排序的运行速度,具有一定的实用价值,使基数排序在一定程度上可与目前最快的快速排序相比拟.     

分光光度法测定黄芪药材中铜、铁、锌的含量

为了探讨分光光度法测定黄芪药材中Cu,Fe,Zn质量含量的可行性,笔者根据不同的金属离子与特定显色剂显色,可产生可见光吸收的现象,采用分光光度法平行测定人发标准品及黄芪中微量元素的质量含量.结果表明,黄芪中含丰富的微量元素,其中Fe质量含量最高(为173.08 mg.kg-1),Zn为75.87 mg.kg-1,Cu为17.05 mg.kg-1.分光光度法操作简便、测量快速、结果准确,易推广使用.