基于MPC算法的电力系统负荷频率控制

针对在大规模电力系统互联情况下如何准确、快速控制系统负荷频率的问题,本文结合模型预测控制算法(MPC),提出了一种多区域电力系统负荷频率控制方法.该方法实现了超前预测、多约束条件滚动优化和反馈校正,克服了传统PI调节方法对系统参数的敏感性,提高了负荷频率控制系统的稳定性和鲁棒性.文中对三区域电力系统进行建模,并在每个系统中设置了MPC控制器和PI控制器.仿真表明,在多区域系统、多约束条件下MPC算法在频率控制的稳定性和快速性方面远优于PI算法;当系统参数偏移10%时,MPC算法仍能保证控制性能.     

自适应模型预测控制的车道保持控制策略

建立车辆侧向动力学模块、车辆传感模块、道路曲率预瞄模块.在传统模型预测控制(MPC)算法的基础上,利用辛普森法则,结合车道保持优化性能指标和系统约束,设计基于自适应模型预测控制的车道保持控制策略.在Simulink环境下,将其与基于传统模型预测控制器进行比较分析.仿真结果表明:相较于模型预测控制,自适应MPC能够在各控制周期实现车辆模型更新,在强非线性工况下具备较好的鲁棒性,进而能够保证行车安全的前提下,获取较好的乘坐舒适性.     

基于模型预测控制的三相四桥臂有源电力滤波器

针对现有有源电力滤波器数字化控制方法对模型依赖性较强的缺点, 在介绍了正负序系统和零序系统解耦控制的基础上, 提出了一种三相四桥臂有源电力滤波器的模型预测控制(MPC)方法, 以差分方程作为预测模型, 保留了常规MPC中的反馈校正和滚动优化环节, 推导出了最优控制率. 与常用的预测电流控制方法做了对比, 得出了带电源电压观测器的预测电流控制只是模型预测控制的一个特例的结论; 详细分析了参数对稳定性的影响, 修改MPC的参数, 可以在省略带通滤波器的情况下, 允许更大的连接电抗参数建模误差, 鲁棒性比预测电流控制更高.此外, MPC和重复控制相结合消除了MPC所固有的稳态误差. 仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性.     

MPC实用化问题处理及在车辆ACC中的应用

为实现多目标协调式自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的实车应用,分析并解决了模型预测控制(MPC)理论实用化过程的弱鲁棒性、非可行解和高计算复杂度问题。采用反馈校正法补偿跟车模型的预测误差,改善模型对跟车系统状态的预测精度;再利用约束管理法,修正MPC代价函数,松弛其输入输出(I/O)硬约束;基于变量集结法,降低待优化变量的维数,缩减MPC优化问题的规模。以某重型卡车为对象的ACC仿真表明:该方法可有效提高ACC对模型失配的鲁棒性,避免因过大跟踪误差造成的控制律非可行解,提高MPC计算效率的同时不影响其控制最优性。     

基于MPC的车道保持系统转向控制策略

针对汽车的自动车道保持系统,研究了基于模型预测控制(MPC)的转向控制策略.对车辆的侧向动力学和轮胎的侧偏特性进行分析,研究了以位移偏差、横摆角偏差和两者微分项为状态变量、前轮转向角为控制输入的侧向动力学模型;在该模型的基础上,建立了车道自动保持控制的优化性能指标和系统约束,引入了平滑的期望参考轨迹,设计了基于MPC的转向控制策略.仿真试验证明,在不同车速下,该控制策略均能迅速消除侧向位移偏差和横摆角偏差,保证车辆沿着车道中心线行驶,并有效平滑系统的动态响应,具有较好的适应性和鲁棒性.     

基于模型预测控制的快速路网匝道调节方法

探索了基于模型预测控制(MPC)的匝道调节方法.提出了匝道MPC调节的非线性动态时间离散最优控制模型及其解法.最优控制模型采用动态网络交通流模型作为过程模型,采用遗传算法求解.考察了匝道MPC调节的效果和鲁棒性,并将其效果与经典的ALINEA匝道调节方法相比.针对三起点三终点快速路网的仿真案例显示,匝道MPC调节能明显缓解拥堵,改善路网总体运行效率,较之ALINEA调节能够更连续平稳地调节交通流,在存在预测误差的情况下控制效果依然很好,其路网总耗时改善率明显高于ALINEA调节,具有很好的鲁棒性和应用前景.     

基于动力学模型预测控制的Stewart型轮足腿控制方法

为了提高轮足机器人Stewart型轮足腿在不同位姿条件下的精度和动态特性,提出将模型预测控制（model predictive control,MPC）应用于轮足腿的位姿跟踪.首先对Stewart平台进行受力分析,利用牛顿-欧拉方程建立动力学模型的状态空间表达式,建立MPC预测模型和优化目标函数;然后通过Adams和Matlab联合仿真对MPC控制器进行参数整定,检验其对未建模摩擦力的鲁棒性;最后通过对比实验验证MPC控制器在负载位姿变化条件下可以获得优于PI控制器的姿态跟踪精度和动态特性.      

基于QP转化的约束非方系统模型预测控制

针对带约束非方系统的控制问题,设计了一种基于标准二次规划(QP)转化方法的快速模型预测控制算法。首先利用非方传递函数矩阵对Diophantine方程进行求解,结合系统的单位阶跃响应矩阵重构系统的预测模型;然后,考虑系统的约束条件,包括输入输出变量、控制增量约束,通过引入松弛变量及等式转化,将模型预测控制MPC过程中的最小化目标函数问题转化为带有不等式约束的标准QP问题,实现最优控制律在迭代过程中的一步求解,从而解决传统控制方法中计算量大、不能够直接应用于在线控制的问题。将本文所提出的方法应用于经典的Kalman非方系统的控制。得到仿真结果表明,该预测控制方法在系统的抗噪声扰动、设定值跟踪等方面均有着较好的性能,同时能满足系统的约束条件,并得到满意的控制效果。     

基于MPC自适应巡航系统控制策略联合仿真研究

为了提高自适应巡航系统的鲁棒性和对复杂跟车环境的适用性,提出一种基于模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的自适应巡航系统分层控制策略。上层控制策略主要考虑速度控制模式和距离控制模式之间的切换,下层控制策略则基于MPC理论而提出,确定汽车加速、减速或保持当前车速,以提升系统跟随性。在Carsim软件中选取有防抱死制动系统的C级掀背车,实时模拟两车(前车和本车)跟随的运行过程。在MATLAB/Simulink中建立纵向运动学模型,运用MPC控制策略对车辆的跟车工况进行联合仿真。结果表明,我们设计的MPC控制器与PID(proportional-integral-derivative,比例-积分-微分)控制器相比,在跟车工况下本车的加速度峰差值仅为1.65 m/s~2,加速度变化均值降低约23%,提高了驾驶的舒适性和行驶的稳定性;同时车间距误差范围控制在-0.5～7.3 m,均值误差降低约12%,在实际跟车环境中,能有效减少追尾、加塞等情况的发生。     

带恒功率负载Buck变换器的模型预测控制

针对含恒功率负载(Constant Power Load,CPL)的Buck DC-DC变换器稳定性和负荷不确定性问题,提出一种含高阶滑模观测器的模型预测(Model Predictive Control,MPC)控制策略.首先,根据MPC理论,构建Buck变换器的目标函数,建立滚动优化跟踪方程并求解最优控制律.其次,构建高阶滑模观测器,提高电压的控制精度并消除抖振及相对阶问题.最后,对其进行小扰动的稳定性分析,建立源、负载侧的等效模型.在CPL与阻性负载投切较为频繁时,与传统双闭环PI调节和MPC控制进行比较,仿真结果表明:在负载变化时,基于高阶滑模观测器的MPC控制具有良好的动态性和鲁棒性且能对母线电压进行精确跟踪与控制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with