松色二孢菌7个菌株酯酶同工酶的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，对松色二孢菌７个菌株进行了酯酶同工酶测定，来自湖南，湖北两省致病力较强的４个ＨＺ型（华中型）菌株共分离出８条酶带，菌株间酶谱相似系数为０．６７～０．８３；来自广东省致病力较弱的３个ＨＮ型（华南型）菌株分离出１２条酶带，菌株间酶谱相似系数为０．４６～０．５７。ＨＺ型菌株与ＨＮ型菌株之间酶谱相似系数在０．１８～０．５７范围内，平均值为０．３８，反映出这两种类型的菌株在酯类分枝代     

松色二抱菌7个菌株酯酶同工酶的比较研究

<正>应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对松色二孢菌７个菌株进行了酯酶同工酶测定。来自湖南、湖北两省致病力较强的４个ＨＺ型（华中型）菌株共分离出８条酶带,菌株间酶谱相似系数为０．６７－０．８３;来自广东省致病力较弱的３个ＨＮ型（华南型）菌株共分离出１２条酶带,菌株间酶谱相似系数为０．４６－０．５７。ＨＺ型菌株与ＨＮ型菌株之间酶谱相似系数在０．１８－０．５７范。围内,平均值为０．３８,反映出这两种类型的菌株在酯类分枝代谢途径上存在分化,这种分化与它们在子实体形态、产孢条件、致病力强弱等方面存在显著差异的表现是一致的。     

应用酯酶同工酶对甘草属长荚果系的不同种的亲缘关系的研究

对甘草属的长荚果系，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，分析它们的酯酶同工酶．结果表明：每个种具有明显的酶谱差异，有其特征酶带；从酶谱的相似度指数来看，６Ｇ、６ａＧ、８Ｇ、８ａＧ的相似度指数较高，亲缘关系较近，而２Ｇ、４Ｇ、５Ｇ、８ｂＧ的相似度指数较低，它们之间的亲缘关系较远．经过薄层色谱扫描，根据各酶谱的峰面积的百分率，用系统聚类法、最短距离法进行聚类分析，以欧氏距离４．０为分类线，把甘草属长荚果系分为二类，Ⅰ类：１Ｇ、５Ｇ、６Ｇ、６ａＧ、７Ｇ、８Ｇ、８ｂＧ，Ⅱ类：２ａＧ、４Ｇ、８ａＧ、３Ｇ、２Ｇ．     

薏苡与几种主要玉米类型同工酶比较分析

通过对薏苡与５种主要类型的玉米酯酶、过氧化物酶、可溶性蛋白的比较发现：随发育进程提高，同工酶谱带更复杂；由过氧化物酶同工酶结果看出，薏苡与硬粒型玉米亲缘关系更接近，而通过酯酶、可溶性蛋白比较，不能看出薏苡与哪一种玉米类型亲缘关系更接近；玉米各类型间的同工酶也互不相同，各自有特异酶带。     

应用过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶对甘草属不同种的亲缘关系的研究

对甘草属植物的长荚果系的8个种和4个变种,采用聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳法,分析它们过氧化物酶同工酶的变化,结果表明:甘草属内的每个种具有明显的酶谱差异,有它们自己的特征酶带。从酶带谱的相似度指数来看,12G.glabra,12aG.glabra L.var.Rlandulis,12bG.glabra,5G.xhiheziensis,6G.eurycarpa,6aG.eurycarpa,9G.Korshinskyi,10aG.shiheziuralensis的相似度指数较高,它们的亲缘关系较为密切,而7G.alalensis,10G.uralensis的相似度指数较低,亲缘关系较远。     

两种蟋蟀同工酶的比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析石首棺头蟋（Ｌｏｘｏｂｌｅｍｍｕｓｅｑｕｅｓｔｒｉｓ）与泰康棺头蟋（Ｌ．ｔａｉｃｏｕｎ）的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）同工酶．两种蟋蟀的ＥＳＴ和ＭＤＨ同工酶酶谱极为相似．其中ＥＳＴ酶谱可分为４个区带组,推测受４个位点控制．因这两种蟋蟀的形态特征极为相似,两种同工酶酶谱也比较相似,而且控制ＥＳＴ的位点数相同,因此推测两者的亲缘关系比较接近,极有可能为近缘种     

105个大麦品种的酯酶同工酶研究

试验用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对１０５个大麦品种的叶和幼穗作了酶酯同工酶分析。结果表明：（１）叶和穗的酯酶同工酶酶谱有组织类型的差别,叶酯酶共可见２２条酶带,穗酯酶主要有１７条酶带;（２）不同品种之间酯酶同工酶存在差异,根据强活性酶带或主要酶带分布情况,大麦叶和穗的酯酶酶谱类型各可分为１２类,但在品种分类上具有相同性。     

日本引进的紫色甘薯品系的同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，以“山川紫”甘薯品种为参照品种，对从日本引进的15个紫色甘薯品系进行了淀粉酶（AMY）、过氧化物酶（POD）、细胞色素氧化酶（CYT）等3种酶同工酶的测定和分析．结果表明：紫色甘薯不同器官的同工酶酶谱具有特异性，叶片的同工酶最稳定且最具代表性；所有供试材料在3个同工酶系统中均有共同的谱带，也有特异的谱带．酶谱的聚类分析表明：“山川紫”和新引进的日本紫色甘薯品系之间的亲缘关系相对较远；在新引进的日本紫色甘薯中，A组中A1、A2、A7等3个品系之间以及A3、A4、A6等3个品系之间的亲缘关系很近；B组中B1-B4与B7-B8的亲缘关系很近．     

缙云卫矛的遗传多样性研究

通过对特产于重庆地区的濒危物种缙云卫矛（Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓ ｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ Ｙａｎｇ）７个居群９１个个体其功能叶片的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＹＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳ）、淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ）同工酶谱带的分析,研究了该植物的遗传多样性水平．结呆显示：缙云卫矛的所有居群都存在着一定数量的迁移率相同的主要酶谱带（４条）,占酶谱带总数的１０．８１％;５个酶系统共检测出酶谱带３７条,等位基因位点数１８个,其中多态位点数８个,单态位点数１０个,乡态位点百分数Ｐ＝４４、４４％,平均每个位点的等位基因素Ａ＝ｌ,５,平均期望杂合度Ｈｅ＝１８．８２％,平均实际杂合度Ｈ０＝２４．２３％．     

用M13DNA探针检测小鼠DNA指纹

用ＨｉｎｆＩ酶切，随机引物法标记的Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８ＤＮＡ作探针，对无关小鼠个体及一个小鼠家系三代进行了ＤＮＡ指纹分析，无关个体平均每个个体得到１４条谱带（＞４ｋｂ）。无关个体具有相同指纹图概率为９×１０￣（－８），显示高度个体材异性，对小鼠家系内后代与亲本图谱进行了比较，表明图谱特征按孟德尔方式遗传。对家系内个体间遗传相似度Ｄ进行了计算，亲缘关系近则Ｄ值高，据此对本技术在动物个体识别，亲缘关系分析等方面的应用进行了讨论。     

富钾植物DNA导入早稻变异后代的RAPD分析

应用花粉管通道法和浸种法将两种富钾植物空心莲子草和商陆DNA导入到不同的水稻品种中,结果在其后代产生了广泛的变异,并从中筛选出耐低钾的变异材料。应用PCR技术对其中耐低钾的4个变异材料进行了RAPD分析。结果表明,所用100个随机引物中有7个引物在受体和变异后代间扩增出了多态性产物。后代和受体的相似系数均在90%以上,而与供体的相似系数只有6%以下,其中有三个引物的扩增产物中出现了供体的特异性带。这说明空心莲子草和商陆DNA导入水稻后确实引起了水稻基因组结构的变化,同时也为变异后代所发生的生物学性状的改变提供了直接的分子证据。     

野生垂穗披碱草种质的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究

用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对采集自中国青海、西藏、四川、甘肃、新疆的64份垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb．）材料进行了多态性分析,结果表明：（1）供试材料共分离出42条带纹,多态率达90．48%,材料间遗传相似系数（GS）变化范围为0．320～1．000,平均GS值为0．631．说明供试垂穗披碱草材料具有较为丰富的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性;（2）对所有材料的聚类分析和主向量分析（PCoA）发现,在GS值为0．59的水平上供试材料可聚成六个类群,大部分来自相同或相似生态地理环境的材料聚为一类,即供试材料的醇溶蛋白图谱类型与材料的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性．     

不同无性系杨树叶片的超氧物歧化酶_SOD_同工酶谱比较研究

本文对不同无性系杨树叶片的超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）同工酶谱进行了比较研究，实验结果表明：不同无性系杨树叶片ＳＯＤ同工酶谱都具有较小迁移率的Ｓ带、中等迁移率的Ｍ带和较大迁移率的Ｆ带；Ｓ带为Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ，Ｍ带和Ｆ带为Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ．各无性系ＳＯＤ同工酶谱都具有１条Ｓ带和１条Ｍ带，Ｆ带数目在各无性系存在差异；青杨和黑杨的Ｆ带为３条，白杨的Ｆ带为６条，亲缘关系较近的青杨和黑杨ＳＯＤ同工酶谱较为相似，而与它们亲缘关系较远的白杨ＳＯＤ同工酶谱存在较大差异，ＳＯＤ同工酶谱分析可应用于杨属植物的分组、无性系及亲缘关系的鉴定。     

睡莲科植物类平均聚类的初步研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定白睡莲及红睡莲、黄睡莲二个杂交品种、芡实、莲、萍蓬草和莼菜等5种睡莲科植物的叶和叶柄过氧化物酶同工酶,结果表明被测植物各有其特征酶谱,且同一植物的叶片酶谱区带常较叶柄丰富.运用类平均聚类法计算,被测植物相似系数均在30以上,其亲缘关系表现为3个等级,即同为一种的白睡莲、红睡莲和黄睡莲之问的亲缘关系最近;不同属间的睡莲与莼菜、芡实与莲次之;萍蓬草和其它植物之间亲缘关系较远.     

四川大头茶过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶变异的数量分析

运用同工酶电泳技术，测定了来自不同地理种源和不同演替群落的四川大头茶（Gordonia acuminata(pritz)Chang)8个居群112株个体功能叶片的过氧化物酶（POD），细胞色素氧化酶（CYT）的同工酶谱带，并进行编码；然后采用Rogers-Tanimoto结合系的组平均法（UPGMA）对各酶谱带进行聚类分析；结果表明：来自不同演替群落的四川大头茶居群及个体间存在着极明显的同工酶变异和遗传分化，来自相同演替群落的居群及个体间存在着极大的同工酶谱相似性和遗传相似性；环境因子在四川大头茶居群遗传分化过程中起着非常重要的作用；但不同的环境因子在不同居群的同工酶谱和遗传分化中所起的作用不同；群落演替类型对四川大头茶的同工酶谱和遗传分化起着重要作用的同时，地理种源却对该物种的同工酶谱和遗传分化影响不大。     

籼-粳稻特异插入／缺失分子标记揭示的稻属植物遗传分化

籼-粳分化在亚洲栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)的驯化过程中非常重要,但其分化机制仍不清楚.有的学者认为水稻籼-粳分化是亚洲栽培稻在驯化过程中适应不同生境的结果,也有人认为籼-粳分化在水稻的野生祖先种中就已经存在.为了研究普通野生稻的籼-粳分化,并解析稻属(Oryza)植物的籼-粳遗传变异,利用34对籼-粳特异插入/缺失分子标记(InDel)引物,研究了50份典型籼稻(O.sativa L.subsp.Indica Kato)和粳稻(O.sativa L.subsp.japonica Kato)样本以及来源于35个国家的348份稻属其他种材料.结果表明,亚洲栽培稻存在明显的籼-粳分化,普通野生稻复合体(O.rufipogon complex)中存在"偏籼"和"偏粳"类型,而稻属的其他种均未出现籼-粳分化,普通野生稻复合体中"偏籼"和"偏粳"类型的地理分布格局与籼稻和粳稻的地理分布格局相吻合.考虑到大部分普通野生稻复合体的样本取自邻近有栽培稻种植的普通野生稻群体,推测得出部分普通野生稻样本中表现出的"偏籼"和"偏粳"类型可能是栽培稻的籼稻品种和粳稻品种在普通野生稻的长期协同进化过程中基因交流的结果.     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice by in vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R1 plants were obtained. All of the 465 R1 plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R1 plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F1 of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F1 from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R1 plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F1 from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R1 plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice byin vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R₁ plants were obtained. All of the 465 R₁ plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R₁ plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F₁ of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F₁ from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R₁ plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F₁ from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R₁ plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.