负载型Ru—Co羰基簇催化剂的XPS和TPD表征

制备了负载型Ｒｕ－Ｃｏ羰基簇催化剂，用Ｘ－ｒａｙ光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和程序升温脱羰（ＴＰＤ）等技术，对负载型双金属簇催化剂的表面化学性质和不同气氛中的脱附产物进行了研究，发现负载后，簇合物ＫＲｕＣｏ３（ＣＯ）１２中的ＲｕＣｏ３簇骨架与担体表面原子发生强相互作用。在反应温度下，可形成高分散型催化剂。认为ＣＯ加氢反应是按碳烯机理进行。     

负载型Ru－Co羰基簇催化剂的XPS和TPD表征

制备了负载型Ｒｕ－Ｃｏ羰基簇催化剂，用Ｘ－ｒａｙ光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和程序升温脱羰（ＴＰＤ）等技术，对负载型双金属簇催化剂的表面化学性质和不同气氛中的脱附产物进行了研究，发现负载后，簇合物ＫＲｕＣｏ＿３（ＣＯ）＿（１２）中的ＲｕＣｏ＿３簇骨架与担体表面原子发生强相互作用．在反应温度下，可形成高分散型催化剂．认为ＣＯ加氢反应是按碳烯机理进行．     

氧化亚铜在聚氯乙烯燃烧热降解中的作用

研究了过渡金属氧化物在聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）热降解过程中的作用。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）、热重分析（ＴＧＡ）、Ｘ射线光电子光谱（ＸＰＳ）及锥形量热仪（ＣＯＮＥ）等测试技术对Ｃｕ２Ｏ在ＰＶＣ燃烧热降解过程中的作用进行了详细的研究。从实验上证明了Ｃｕ２Ｏ的存在能促进ＰＶＣ在热降解过程中更易脱ＨＣｌ，使ＰＶＣ降解过程中的成炭量大大增加，提高了其阻燃性能。     

磷酸盐催化剂表面酸碱性的测定

应用ＮＨ３和ＣＯ２的程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）技术，测定了部分金属磷酸盐表面的酸碱性．结果表明：磷酸盐表面既存在着一定的酸中心，又存在着一定的碱中心，但它们的强度及量都不太大．所测定的磷酸盐中，Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的酸碱强度和酸碱度均最大．     

固－固相变贮热的研究（Ⅲ）──三羟甲基乙烷－三羟甲基丙烷二元系

用ＤＳＣ（差示扫描量热法）研究三羟甲基乙烷ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＣＨ２ＯＨ）３（ＰＧ）和三羟甲基丙烷ＣＨ３ＣＨ２－Ｃ（ＣＨ２ＯＨ）３（ＴＭＰ）二元系的混合物的贮热性能．ＰＧ和ＴＭＰ具有固－固转变特性,其纯组分的转变温度分别为８３℃和５５℃附近．研究结果表明,随着ＰＧ浓度的增加,低温峰变小,高温峰形变大．尤其是在ＤＳＣ测试中当第一次加热至固－固相变转化结束后,冷却至室温,再第二次加热,进行ＤＳＣ测试,发现绝大多数ＰＧ／ＴＭＰ二元系出现明显的唯一峰,且倾向高温峰方向,这表明ＴＭＰ对该体系的低温贮热不利     

稀土盐在酯化反应中的催化作用分析

结合稀土盐在乙二醇单乙酸醋酸酯合成反应中的催化特性和反应的动力学行为，利用Ｘ—射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）。程序升温分解（ＴＰＤＥ），程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）等手段，对稀土盐催化剂的结构特征进行了系统的研究，将所得结果与催化反应动力学规律相关联，对稀土盐在酯化反应中的催化作用进行了分析。     

芳烃在HZSM—5沸石中的扩散

苯、甲苯、对二甲苯和间二甲苯在ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石晶内扩散行为采用了活化扩散模型结合非线性程序升温热脱附技术进行了研究，得到扩散活化能（Ｅ）大小顺序是：ＥＢ＜ＥＴ＜Ｅｐ－Ｘ＜Ｅｍ－Ｘ，而且发现从苯到对二甲苯，苯环上每增加一个甲基，Ｅ增加８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；常温下扩散系数大小顺序是ＤＢ＞ＤＴ＞Ｄｐ－Ｘ＞Ｄｍ－Ｘ，３５０℃温度时这些Ｄ值近似相等．此外，还发现Ｅ与本征扩散系数存在补偿效应     

乙醇水溶液光催化脱氢的助催效应及其机理

研究了乙醇水溶液光催化脱氢中Ａｇ对Ｐｔ／ＣｄＳ的助催效应，最佳匹配量和制备顺序为Ｐｔ（３％）／Ａｇ（１％）／ＣｄＳ．应用脱附法，ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ等实验方法研究了助催机理。结果表明：Ａｇ的助催作用包括化学效应－Ａｇ的ｓ，ｄ电子向Ｐｔ对Ｈ２的脱附能，有利于产氢，及Ａｇ的中介传递光生电子促进光生电子空穴对的分离；物理效应－Ａｇ对Ｐｔ的集团分散作用减小了热处理时Ｐｔ的烧结降活，前者化学效应可能是主要的。     

活性炭纤维表面含氧基团及其对NO的还原

利用程序升温还原装置（ＴＰＲ）和程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）、热重（ＴＧ）等试验方法,证明了未改性、硝酸基、铜基的活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦ）上均存在含氧基团。在躲开反应器中对这些ＡＣＦ与ＮＯ的反应产物进行了定量测定,发现ＮＯ脱除率与ＡＣＦ含氧量和表面含氧基团的存在及分布有关。还考察了ＣＯ的存在对该反应的影响。     

石灰抑制黄铁矿的活化机理研究

ＸＰＳ和Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，高石灰用量条件下，由于强碱和氧化作用，黄铁矿表面生成Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３，ＣａＳＯ４和Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２亲水性膜，黄铁矿被抑制．浮选实验表明，草酸、硫酸、磷酸等药剂能活化石灰抑制黄铁矿的浮选，ＸＰＳ表面分析、电化学测试和溶液化学计算表明，这些活化剂能降低溶液ｐＮ值，且能与黄铁矿表面Ｃａ２＋，Ｆｅ２＋，Ｆｅ３＋形成络合物或难溶盐从黄铁矿表面脱附进入溶液，暴露出新鲜表面；同时，活化剂存在时，黄铁矿表面难以氧化，使高石灰抑制黄铁矿得以活化。     

Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金在不完全相变过程中的内耗行为研究

文章采用不完全相变内耗(IF)测量法研究了Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti多晶形状记忆合金在热弹性马氏体相变时内耗峰与外界变量(频率、升温速率及不完全相变开始测量温度Ts)的依赖关系。实验结果表明,测量频率小于0.045Hz时,内耗峰分解成双峰(低温PL峰和高温PH峰),随Ts的降低,双峰逐渐合并;PL峰值与频率对数呈现峰形函数关系,随升温速率的增加,PL峰向高频方向移动,相变弛豫时间减小;PH峰值与频率倒数成线性关系,随升温速率的增加,线性斜率变大。     

热管纺丝中温度对PET纤维结构的影响

本文介绍了纺程加热一步法制取充分结晶纤维中的远红外加热法。为了弄清纤维力学性质随温度上升而引起的变化,研究了加热温度对纤维结构形成的影响。应用红外光谱的分离技术,研究了加热过程中结晶形成的机理。发现不仅PET纤维的848cm~(-1)谱带发生了变化,而且通过对848cm~(-1)谱带分离成代表PET三种结构的三个峰838cm~(-1),846cm~(-1),853cm~(-1)也发生了变化。充分说明了温度在加工过程中对PET纤维结晶结构的形成所起的作用。为了证实这些变化,又以大角X射线衍射及力学性能的测定作了旁证。表明了在红外光谱、大角X射线衍射和力学性能间有一致的变化。本文还对结晶结构的形成与工艺条件的关系进行了讨论,获得了用远红外加热法制取充分结晶纤维合适的工艺条件。     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmOx/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmOx on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmOx/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmOx islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmOx/Rh(100).     

Theoretical study of NO adsorbed on the surface of TiO2（110） cluster model

The chemisorption properties of N18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) indicated that the temperatures of the three desorption peaks of the main N2 molecules were at (low) temperature of 230 K, 450 K, and (high) temperature of 980 K. This meant that N18O decomposed and recombined during the process of N2 desorption after N18O was exposed. Analysis of the stable combination and orbital theory calculation of the surface reaction of NO adsorption on the TiO2(110) cluster model showed that there was clear preference for the Ti-NO orientation.     

甲醛在Ag(110)面上的非均相氧化

用热脱附谱、低能电子衍射和电子诱导脱附离子角度分布(ESDIAD)研究了甲醛与氧在Ag(110)面上的吸附和反应。结果表明,低温条件下每个吸附态氧原子能稳住几个甲醛分子,其中大部分在220K时以甲醛形式脱附。ESDIAD照片(225K)进一步证明了HCOOH_(a)中间体的存在,该中间体在235K进一步脱氢,在晶体表面上留下较稳定的吸附态甲酸脂(HCOO_(a))。在250K还出现一个水脱附峰和一个较小的甲醛脱附峰。吸附态甲酸脂在395K分解成CO_2和H_2。对反应机理作了探讨。     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmO_x/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmO_x on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmO_x/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmO_x islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmO_x/Rh(100).     

不同热历史PET在升温过程中的动态结构分析

利用wAXD,DSC和FTIR等方法研究了PET在升温过程中的晶体结构变化．X射线衍射分析表明在升温过程中,双轴拉伸薄膜只有100晶面衍射峰,等温结晶和自然冷却样品有110和100两个晶面衍射峰,而淬火样品无衍射峰．淬火后加热再自然冷却样品有010,110和100三个晶面衍射峰．在DSC曲线中淬火样品有冷结晶峰,而其它样品没有．红外光谱图中的500cm-1,1950cm-1和2960cm-1谱带波数的位移表明了冷结晶的发生．     

毛细管气相色谱指纹图谱在广藿香质量控制中的应用

用毛细管气相色谱研究不同栽培品种广藿香挥发油的指纹图谱,用相对保留值和相对峰面积2个参数以及指纹图谱八强峰和指纹图谱分区2种方法加以分析.结果表明不同栽培品种广藿香的指纹图谱既有一定相似性,也有一定差异性.相似性表现为:指纹图谱各区出峰稳定,峰数一致,有5个共有峰在12个样品中均进入指纹图谱八强峰,参考峰均为指纹图谱八强峰中的最强峰.差异性则表现为:各区特征峰的峰形、相对峰面积值亦有不同,19和20号峰是湛江广藿香特有的指纹图谱八强峰,而14和17号峰却为石牌广藿香特有的指纹图谱八强峰.指纹图谱分区比较与指纹图谱八强峰的结论相一致.     

Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys

Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique. The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression tests, and microhardness tests. Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity, presence of precipitates, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties. The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti-51at%Ni samples sintered at 900℃ for 5 min or at 900℃ for 30 min. The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19' were observed in the microstructure of Ti-51at%Ni, and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time. In the DSC thermograms, multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating, whereas a single peak was observed during cooling; these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2, R, and β19' phases. The maximum strength and strain among the Ti-51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%, respectively, for the sample sintered at 900℃ for 30 min because of this sample's minimal porosity.     

Photon-stimulated desorption as a substantial source of sodium in the lunar atmosphere.

Mercury and the Moon both have tenuous atmospheres that contain atomic sodium and potassium. These chemicals must be continuously resupplied, as neither body can retain the atoms for more than a few hours. The mechanisms proposed to explain the resupply include sputtering of the surface by the solar wind, micrometeorite impacts, thermal desorption and photon-stimulated desorption. But there are few data and no general agreement about which processes dominate. Here we report laboratory studies of photon-stimulated desorption of sodium from surfaces that simulate lunar silicates. We find that bombardment of such surfaces at temperatures of approximately 250 K by ultraviolet photons (wavelength lambda < 300 nm) causes very efficient desorption of sodium atoms, induced by electronic excitations rather than by thermal processes or momentum transfer. The flux at the lunar surface of ultraviolet photons from the Sun is sufficient to ensure that photon-stimulated desorption of sodium contributes substantially to the Moon's atmosphere. On Mercury, solar heating of the surface implies that thermal desorption will also be an important source of atmospheric sodium.