小麦纹枯病生防细菌筛选及其定殖特性研究

分离自土壤的4个细菌菌株对小麦纹枯病菌具有较强的颉抗作用,平板抑制率达80%以上.采用生防细菌发酵液处理小麦种子,室内盆栽人工接种试验,生防细菌B296、B253对小麦纹枯病的防效分别是65.5%和41.9%.对B296进行抗药性标记后处理小麦种子,研究其在小麦根际的定殖特性,结果发现B296的数量随小麦生长呈下降趋势,在自然土中下降速度比灭菌土更快.     

解盐促生菌在棉花根部定殖的扫描电镜观察

在限菌条件下，利用扫描电镜观察植物根际解盐促生细菌菌株在棉花根部的定殖情况，结果显示，PGPR菌株在棉花根部定殖具有宏观不均匀性，在根面的部分区域能够大量定殖，即存在有利于PGPR生长繁殖的生态位点；供试PGPR菌株在根部的扩展方式主要是根尖的被动携带。     

棉花根际促生细菌的分离筛选

经多点取样,从棉花根际土样中分离出根际细菌306株,通过离体拮抗试验和小麦促生试验筛选出具有抗病作用和促生效果的根际促生细菌2株,在平板上菌株对供试病原菌均具有明显的抑制效果,抑菌圈直径达7.9-17.0mm.同时通过盆栽试验,所筛选菌株对小麦的株高及生物量有明显促生作用.     

产中性蛋白酶能力影响蜡样芽孢杆菌0-9在绿豆根际的定殖

以生防细菌蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus creus)0-9菌株为试材,利用同源重组方法敲除中性蛋白酶编码基因nprB,构建基因缺失突变体ΔnprB,测定了野生型0-9及其突变体ΔnprB的胞外蛋白酶产生能力和对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia soloni)的拮抗能力.结果显示,相对于野生型菌株0-9,ΔnprB产胞外蛋白酶能力下降,但对立枯丝核菌的拮抗能力没有改变.盆栽实验测定两种菌株在绿豆根际的定殖能力和对绿豆立枯病的防治效果,结果显示,突变体ΔnprB的定殖和生防能力均低于0-9菌株.上述结果表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌0-9能够通过中性蛋白酶的作用促进其在绿豆根部的定殖借以持续发挥生防效果.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B1-41对小麦全蚀病及其病原的防治和抑制作用

从小麦根际土壤中分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B1-41拮抗菌株，室内测定其带菌培养液对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var．tritici)9826菌株和9812菌株的抑制效果分别为70％和68％，盆栽试验中，其防治效果为63％和59％，高于化学杀菌剂处理的55％和51％的效果．试验表明，该菌株可以造成病菌菌丝发生畸变和菌丝细胞壁瓦解．     

小麦纹枯病生防放线菌株筛选及其防效初步研究

从小麦根际和土壤中分离到161个放线菌株.经平板抑菌测定,发现有7个菌株对小麦纹枯病菌表现出较强的抑菌作用活性.菌株发酵液抑菌测定结果表明,S024菌株抑菌活性最好,菌丝生长抑制率达78.6%.室内盆栽试验S024菌株发酵液对纹枯病的防效为45.38%,田间小区防效达到63.21%,并能提高小麦种子发芽率,促进幼苗的生长.     

普可尼亚厚垣菌生物防治应用价值的室内初步评估

通过对8株普可尼亚厚垣菌（Pochonia chlamydosporium)的产厚垣孢子能力、在植物根际的定殖能力、分生孢子对土壤抑菌作用的敏感性及真菌对线虫Panagrellus redivivus的固定率等10项评价指标的测定，初步评估了这8株普可尼亚厚垣菌对线虫的生物防治潜力．结果表明366及284菌株各项指标均优于其它菌株，可以作为研制线虫生防制剂的出发菌株．此外，对普克尼亚厚垣菌的室内生防评估方法进行了分析．     

蜡样芽孢杆菌B3-7菌株对小麦全蚀病菌的抑制作用

室内测定蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilis cereus)B3-7菌株对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici)9812菌株的拮抗作用,结果表明B3-7菌株对病菌具有较强的抑制作用,抑制效果为69％,高于化学杀菌剂处理的效果．该菌株可以造成病菌菌丝发生畸变．双抗标记法测定了该拮抗菌株在小麦根系中的定殖情况,结果表明B3-7可以在小麦根系定殖。     

毛乌素沙地豆科植物丛枝菌根真菌分布研究

从毛乌素沙地柠条锦鸡儿（CaraganaKorshinskii）、沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）和塔落岩黄耆（Hedysarum fruticosum）等植物根际0—10， 10—20， 20—30， 30—40和40—50cm 5个土层分别采集了土壤样品.研究了3种豆科植物根际丛枝菌根真菌的种类和分布.结果表明，丛枝菌根真菌种类和分布与宿主植物密切相关.在分离的2属11种丛枝菌根真菌中，近明球囊霉（Glomus claroideum）仅分布在沙打旺根际，透光球囊霉（G. diaphanum）仅出现在塔落岩黄耆根际，而皱壁无梗囊霉（Acaulospora rugosa）仅出现在柠条锦鸡儿根际.在沙打旺根际，丛枝菌根真菌定殖率和孢子密度高，而在柠条锦鸡儿和塔落岩黄耆根际，丛枝菌根真菌定殖率和孢子密度低.土壤采样深度对孢子密度和定殖率有显著影响，最高定殖率和最大孢子密度均出现在10—20cm土层.孢子密度与泡囊、菌丝和总定殖率呈正相关.在评估荒漠生态系统和豆科不同植物形成菌根的能力时，丛枝菌根真菌种类、孢子密度、菌根定殖程度是十分有用的指标.     

氮硫配施对冬小麦根际微生物数量变化及产量的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究不同氮硫营养水平对两冬性小麦品种豫麦49—198和兰考矮早8根际微生物在不同生育期中主要类群的影响及动态变化趋势．结果表明：①氮、硫营养以及品种差异均对小麦根际微生物细菌、放线菌和真菌有显著影响;②硫素营养和氮素营养对小麦各生育时期的根际细菌的数量均有极显著性影响,并表现为氮素营养对小麦根际的细菌数量的影响效应高于硫素营养;③氮素营养是根际放线菌数量差异显著的主要原因,但硫、氮及实验品种三者间的交互作用在整个测定时期对放线菌无显著性影响;④实验品种、氮、硫均对各测定时期小麦根际真菌数量产生极显著性影响,其影响效应表现为：试验品种〉氮素〉硫素,硫、氮、品种之间交互作用对真菌的影响主要在花后;⑤氮硫配施对两个小麦品种的籽粒产量均有影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.