海洋遥测数据传输系统的研究与设计

分析了海洋与陆地导电特性及地形对空间波和地表波传播的影响，讨论了短波、超短波频段的噪声特性．对海洋遥测数传系统进行了设计，给出了海洋遥测装置应使用的载频和码元速率．对海洋遥测接收机灵敏度及采用３次重发、３取２大数判决的差错率进行了分析计算．     

一种短波网MAC协议的设计与分析

首先分析了TDMA协议和HFTP协议2种短波MAC协议的原理,结合2种协议的优缺点,针对短波天波通信数据传输可靠性低的特点,在TDMA协议的基础上设计了一种适应于短波信道的TP-TDMA协议。运用排队理论建立了各协议时延的数学模型,通过解析的方法衡量各因素对时延的影响,并以信道误码率、节点数量、业务量大小为变化条件,对时延进行了仿真比较。结果表明:TP-TDMA协议相比TDMA协议和HFTP协议,在短波信道条件下,随着信道误码率、节点数目及业务量的逐渐增加,TP-TDMA协议都表现出更优异的性能。     

一种新的用于罗兰-C的LMS算法

综合运用变步长、批处理、归一化的思想,提出一种新的频域变步长批处理自适应滤波算法,分析并仿真验证其有效性.在Matlab模拟的地波、天波污染、强窄带干扰、随机噪声的复杂环境中,该算法具有较全面的优势:高的收敛速度、快的跟踪能力、小的稳态失调,完全能够满足现代数字罗兰-C系统对地波识别和标准周期过零点识别的要求,并可推广到其他一些高噪声、强相关环境提取信号的应用中.     

间歇过程生产计划的智能方法及其应用

提出了一种新的数学模型和专家系统相结合的智能方法。建立了生产计划的线性规划模型。通过定义分配系数将长期、中期、短期计划统一在一个模型之中,利用专家系统技术来确定分配系数,从而降低了模型的维数,减少了所需计算机的内存容量,加快了运算速度。以某啤酒厂生产过程为例,仿真和实际运行均表明可获得显著的经济效益。     

果树树冠遮阴模型的改进

【目的】农林复合系统林下太阳辐射作为间作作物光合作用的能量来源,直接影响着间作作物的生态过程和生产力水平。研究果农间作系统内果树的遮阴范围和遮阴强度对果农间作系统配置及间作距离的确定具有重要的意义。【方法】遵循平行光线下的相似性原理,将果树按其树体缩小50倍,根据实测苹果树体形状制作不同龄级的苹果树3D模型,利用树体模型在研究区进行了果树遮阴范围的测定试验。将实测得到的树冠遮阴范围与依据太阳高度角和太阳方位角推算出的单株苹果树冠遮阴范围进行对比分析,对树冠遮阴范围表达式各参数进行优化。【结果】通过实测树冠遮阴范围与模型得出的树冠范围的对比分析,结果表明实测图与模型推算图相比,存在偏移和缩小。此现象主要是由于模型推算图仅考虑太阳方位角和太阳高度角对果树遮阴范围的影响,但是,当太阳光线接触果树冠层后会出现偏移未被考虑。因此,对现有的果树遮阴模型进行优化,经优化后的修正方位角和修正高度角推算得出的修正树冠遮阴范围,与实测遮阴范围的重合率均达到94%。【结论】改进后的树冠遮光数学模型能够较准确地模拟实际树冠的遮阴范围。     

基于机器人操作系统的液压机器人自主导航系统设计与实现

在机器人两轮差速运动模型分析的基础上,根据运动模型的航迹演算公式可实时计算机器人轨迹姿态。基于机器人操作系统架构平台设计了机器人本体、机器人底座、驱动液压马达、导向轮、激光雷达等7个关节和连接的结构模型。各机器人关节坐标系变换关系经过Tf实时发布,用于计算机器人位置坐标信息。针对液压机器人没有配备编码器和视觉系统的不足,系统采用2D平面激光里程计模型(RF2O),通过建立连续激光扫描点对距离的流约束方程获得机器人平面运动估计,进而得出激光雷达的速度和机器人实际运行轨迹。设计了自主导航软件系统,实现了导航地图构建、定点任务导航和多机器人管理等功能,并对机器人定位导航精度进行了测试,分析对比多次指定位置和导航位置的数据差异,结果表明机器人导航定位精度达到设计要求。     

一类欠驱动机械系统基于滑模的变结构控制

针对体操机器人这种欠驱动机械系统设计了滑模变结构控制律,变结构控制中采用了一种改进的指数趋近律·仿真结果表明对线性化模型所设计的变结构控制器应用在非线性系统中,仍能使机器人系统实现稳定·与极点配置方法相比较,采用滑模变结构控制方法设计的平衡控制器可使机器人系统具有更大的稳定范围(吸引域)和更强的鲁棒性·改进的指数趋近律可有效地降低变结构控制中所产生的抖动,并使系统迅速达到平衡稳定状态·     

微光夜视系统光照动态范围研究

微光夜视系统的光照动态范围决定了其能够应用的光照范围,在系统实际应用中具有重要作用.该文分析了影响像增强器和微光夜视系统光照度动态范围的因素,建立微光夜视系统动态范围估算模型,为微光夜视系统的动态范围性能评估提供了理论依据.     

Crystal structure of the CusBA heavy-metal efflux complex of Escherichia coli

Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, expel toxic chemicals through tripartite efflux pumps that span both the inner and outer membrane. The three parts are an inner membrane, substrate-binding transporter; a membrane fusion protein; and an outer-membrane-anchored channel. The fusion protein connects the transporter to the channel within the periplasmic space. A crystallographic model of this tripartite efflux complex has been unavailable because co-crystallization of the various components of the system has proven to be extremely difficult. We previously described the crystal structures of both the inner membrane transporter CusA and the membrane fusion protein CusB of the CusCBA efflux system of E. coli. Here we report the co-crystal structure of the CusBA efflux complex, showing that the transporter (or pump) CusA, which is present as a trimer, interacts with six CusB protomers and that the periplasmic domain of CusA is involved in these interactions. The six CusB molecules seem to form a continuous channel. The affinity of the CusA and CusB interaction was found to be in the micromolar range. Finally, we have predicted a three-dimensional structure for the trimeric CusC outer membrane channel and developed a model of the tripartite efflux assemblage. This CusC(3)-CusB(6)-CusA(3) model shows a 750-kilodalton efflux complex that spans the entire bacterial cell envelope and exports Cu I and Ag I ions.     

A colloidal model system with an interaction tunable from hard sphere to soft and dipolar

Monodisperse colloidal suspensions of micrometre-sized spheres are playing an increasingly important role as model systems to study, in real space, a variety of phenomena in condensed matter physics--such as glass transitions and crystal nucleation. But to date, no quantitative real-space studies have been performed on crystal melting, or have investigated systems with long-range repulsive potentials. Here we demonstrate a charge- and sterically stabilized colloidal suspension--poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres in a mixture of cycloheptyl (or cyclohexyl) bromide and decalin--where both the repulsive range and the anisotropy of the interparticle interaction potential can be controlled. This combination of two independent tuning parameters gives rise to a rich phase behaviour, with several unusual colloidal (liquid) crystalline phases, which we explore in real space by confocal microscopy. The softness of the interaction is tuned in this colloidal suspension by varying the solvent salt concentration; the anisotropic (dipolar) contribution to the interaction potential can be independently controlled with an external electric field ranging from a small perturbation to the point where it completely determines the phase behaviour. We also demonstrate that the electric field can be used as a pseudo-thermodynamic temperature switch to enable real-space studies of melting transitions. We expect studies of this colloidal model system to contribute to our understanding of, for example, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids.     

多Agent系统开发方法AMT及其应用

良好的软件体系结构有利于系统的开发，可有效地提高软件的质量；多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统是解决传统智能系统脆弱性的有效方法。据此，本文提出了基于软件体系结构的多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统开发方法ＡＭＴ，其核心是在开发过程中建立、精化和改进系统的静态和动态模型以有效地保证多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统的开发效率和质量。采用ＡＭＴ方法，设计并实现了动态环境下物资运输调配系统ＭＡＤＴＳ。     

Quasi-periodicity in the autonomous glycolytic system

This study predicts that quasi-periodic oscillations could exist in a detailed model of glycolysis that is analyzed in an autonomous system. In addition to period-doubling, quasi-periodic and period-adding bifurcation, a new stationary branch, which lies in between the thermodynamic and flow branches, is also uncovered in the glycolytic reaction system. Results presented in this study illustrate that the Michaelis constant （K4GAP） of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate has great influences on glycolytic oscillations, in which increasing K4GAP widens the range of flow rate over which quasi-periodic oscillations exist.     

时变摩擦系数对准双曲面齿轮动力学行为的影响

建立了考虑时变摩擦系数和润滑状态的准双曲面齿轮14自由度非线性动力学模型。提出了准双曲面齿轮混合弹流润滑摩擦模型,反映了齿轮传动系统的润滑状态,即齿面啮合既有润滑油膜接触又有粗糙峰接触的混合状态。在混合弹流润滑状态下,对时变摩擦系数对齿轮系统动力学行为的影响作了深入分析。通过载荷承载系数求出啮合线上各接触点瞬时摩擦系数并带入系统动力学方程中,考察了齿轮系统动态啮合力和传递误差变化趋势,对比了恒定摩擦系数和时变摩擦系数对齿轮动态响应的影响。不同载荷和速度下的仿真结果表明,时变摩擦系数对准双曲面齿轮系统动力学行为具有轻微的影响。     

Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

A Benefit Measurement Framework for an Online Contract Change Management System

The contract change management (CCM) system is an online collaboration tool, which supports the contract change management process of new engineering contract (NEC) contract. It is currently used in practice on a wide range of civil, power, and building projects in the UK. The aim of this study is first to identify the tangible and intangible benefits of the system through a user survey; then to develop a framework to measure these benefits. A questionnaire survey is conducted, which reveals that CCM can help project teams improve process effectiveness, reduce risk of process failures, and increase the compliance with NEC requirements. Subsequently, a spreadsheet tool is developed to allow CCM users to calculate the tangible cost savings as a result of using the system. For intangible benefits, a change management maturity model (CM3) is developed, which provides a measurement framework for assessing the improvement of a project team’s capability in dealing with contract changes.     

求解Frenkel-Kontorova模型自适应问题的混合力平衡型原子/连续耦合方法

本文利用混合力平衡型原子/连续耦合方法求解Frenkel-Kontorova模型并考虑模型的自适应问题,给出了基于残量的后验误差估计子.基于这个估计子,本文建立了自适应算法对原子系统进行自适应区域的分解,确定了原子区域和连续区域的划分.数值实验验证了后验误差估计子和算法的可行性.     

单信标测距AUV水下定位系统观测性分析

针对基于单信标测距的自主水下航行器(AUV)定位系统观测性问题,建立AUV三维空间运动学模型,选取实物平台常用的深度、偏航角和俯仰角作为基本观测量辅助距离信息进行水下定位,利用基于Lie导数的非线性系统观测性秩判据分析不同辅助测量值下系统的可观性以及控制输入和运动路径对可观性的影响。研究结果表明:满足定位系统可观测的最简量测组合为距离值和偏航角,含有偏航角的辅助量测组合均使得定位系统可观测,系统控制输入和运动路径的变化会导致可观性发生变化。     

电弧风洞流量调节系统自动控制方法设计与验证

针对电弧风洞流量调节系统受高温、高压影响大,参数变化范围宽,允许调节时间短,目前缺乏有效自动控制技术的问题,通过物理过程分析,建立和简化系统控制模型;提出分阶段采用开环与闭环组合,迭代与鲁棒PI(比例积分)组合的控制方法。在CAR DC20 MW电弧风洞上开展的验证试验显示系统在0.3~3.5 kg/s的流量范围内,调试时间小于6 s,调节精度高于0.8%,且具有较强的鲁棒性,平稳性、精准性、重复性,优于人工调节。     

基于RBF神经网络的热力系统煤种辨识方法

为了保证热力系统稳定运行,提高锅炉安全寿命,控制污染物,该文利用多模型思想,对煤种低位发热值进行初步辨识和精确辨识。初步辨识中,采用改进的K均值聚类算法,快速辨识出煤种类型;精确辨识中,利用初步辨识的结果优化发热量辨识模型,减少模型搜索范围,采用自动调节隐节点和参数的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络算法。仿真结果表明,该辨识方法的辨识误差在1.5%以内,具有良好的辨识精度,在速度上也优于单独的RBF辨识算法,可以应用于热力系统煤种发热量在线辨识。     

抵御信息误差的动态输出控制

针对线性系统,采用更接近于实际的信息连续误差模型,利用线性矩阵不等式,给出了保证闭环系统渐近稳定的鲁棒动态反馈控制设计的线性矩阵不等式方法.所设计的控制系统不仅当系统信息不发生误差时可以保证系统的渐近稳定性,而且当系统信息产生误差时也保证系统的渐近稳定性.数例验证了文中所提出方法的设计过程,同时也展示了所提出方法的有效性.