分支参数对天然气水合物羽状多分支井降压开采产能的影响规律

天然气水合物是未来极具发展潜力的清洁能源,而多分支井开采技术是天然气水合物高效开采的一种值得进一步探索的技术方法。基于南海神狐海域SHSC-4试采井测井曲线数据,建立了理想水合物藏分层地质模型。分析了羽状多分支井布设在水合物Ⅱ层中部时,分支参数对降压开采产能的影响规律。结果表明:(1)分支参数优化时,应首先考虑分支长度;尤其是当分支长度较短时,分支长度增加的增产效果最强;随着分支长度增加到一定长度,继续增加分支长度的产能增幅逐渐减弱。(2)其次应考虑分支数目和分支角度;相较于增加分支长度,增加分支数目和分支角度对产能影响较弱且增产效果相近;基于钻井成本考虑,分支数目不宜过多;分支角度大于45°时,产能增幅呈下降趋势,因此分支角度应小于45°。(3)在充分考虑上述分支参数的基础上,可适当考虑分支间距。相较于其他分支参数,增加分支间距对产能影响最弱,在保证较大控制面积和充分考虑钻井成本的前提下,分支井间距越大越好。     

鱼骨刺井电模拟实验研究

由于复杂结构井的复杂性,目前,应用数学解析和数值模拟方法很难准确描述地下流体的渗流规律,为了更为直接的观察流体的流动情况、模拟各种复杂条件,论文对鱼骨刺井进行了一系列的水电模拟实验,更为全面的研究了分支对称性、分支角度、分支数、分支长度等井眼结构参数对产能的影响。通过实验研究,论文提出了最佳参数,并发现最佳分支数的确定与其分支长度有关。引入分支间干扰度概念,4分支不对称鱼骨刺井的分支间、分支与主井筒间的干扰度都要低于对称井的干扰度,但分支对称井和不对称井的分支与主井筒间的干扰度相差很小;随着分支角度的增加,分支间干扰度减小;分支数增加,分支间干扰度增大,分支与主井筒间干扰度减小。该成果对鱼骨刺井的地下流体的渗流规律具有一定的参考价值。     

多层非均质油藏双分支井产能影响因素分析

针对多层非均质油藏地层之间压力不平衡的特点,建立了多分支井半解析产能预测模型,分析了双分支井产能的影响因素。结果表明,由于分支之间存在干扰,分支夹角越小产能损失越大;两个分支所在地层的条件差别越大,产能高的分支越不易发挥最大潜力,从而影响总产量;井筒中摩擦压降和汇合点处的压力损失对分支井的产能的影响不大。因此,在设计双分支井时,应尽量增大分支之间的夹角,分支汇合点尽量远离油层;分支井的井底流压不大于任何一个分支处的地层压力;两个分支应尽量选取生产压差接近的油层,这样就可以使两个分支都能发挥产能潜力。     

基于电模拟实验的多分支井产能研究

基于水电相似原理,设计分支井的电模拟实验.研究了分支数目、分支角度、模型电阻、注入井位置等参数对分支井产能的影响和各个分支对油井产能的贡献度.结果表明:产能随着分支角度和分支数目的增加而增大,但增加趋势逐渐变缓.分支井的分支与水平段间存在干扰导致每个分支的产能贡献度有差别;注入井位置对油井产量影响很大,选择合适的注采井网对多分支水平井的生产至关重要.实验结果为优化分支井的形态和注采井网提供了依据.     

煤层气多分支水平井分支间距优化研究

建立了非均质双孔介质煤层气储层多分支水平井开采的数学模型,模型中考虑了裂缝中气体的扩散和主支、分支井筒内压降的影响,分析了煤层气多分支水平井分支间距对产能的影响。研究表明：采用多分支水平井开采煤层气储藏时,给定井身结构条件下,存在最优分支间距,当分支间距小于最优分支间距时,实际控制面积小,峰值产气量和累计产气量小;当分支间距大于最优分支间距时,累计产气量降低,相同控制面积下采出程度降低;现场开采煤层气储层时,当最优分支间距较小时,相对而言实际控制区域内煤层气采出程度更高;本文计算条件下,煤层气多分支水平井最优分支间距为200-300m。     

2维Lengyel-Epstein模型的分支结构

在2维空间中用局部分支方法讨论Lengyel-Epstein模型的分支问题。 首先证明局部分支解的存在性,其次在分支点附近确定分支方向。     

多分支井结构优化研究

本文调阅了关于多分支井的产能预测与计算的文献,同时本实验针对多分支井的分支数目、位置与长度等结构设计实验、展开实验,得出了在实验压力的条件下,最佳泥砂比为1:5、水灰比0.51;得出产能最高的分支井结构特征,并最终得出成果。结论显示:随着分支距离油层中部越近,分支井的波及效率越高,分支井的总产能越大;随着分支数目的增加,产能减少,但产能减少的速度减缓,产能最终趋向于稳定;随着分支增长,分支井的产能随之增加,但产能增速减缓。     

广义 Davey-Stewartson 的精确解

利用动力系统分支方法研究广义Davey-Stewartson方程的精确行波解,给出了分支相图和分支分析,根据分支分析求出该方程的几组解.     

中阜新刘家区分支水平井技术可行性探讨

多分支水平井是指在主水平井眼的两侧不同位置分别侧钻出多个水平分支井眼,也可以在分支上继续钻二级分支,多分支水平井是煤层气高效开发方式的发展趋势,该技术在阜新刘家区煤层气勘探开发上会带来突破性进展。     

结合注意机制和局部擦除的行人重识别方法

针对行人重识别中行人姿态变化和遮挡问题,提出了一种结合注意机制和局部擦除的行人重识别方法.首先,构建由ResNet50为全局分支和注意擦除为局部分支组成的双分支网络.全局分支用来提取全局特征表示,在训练过程中可以监督注意擦除分支的训练.注意擦除局部分支由注意模块和擦除模块组成,该分支将输入特征映射的同一区域随机地分批擦...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.