掺加硅灰和石灰条件下的超盐渍土抗剪特征研究

为了揭示石灰和硅灰胶结超盐渍土的抗剪强度规律,对采自宁夏平罗县姚伏镇的超盐渍土分别掺入硅灰和石灰进行超盐渍土固化,其中,硅灰掺量分别为1%、3%、5%,石灰掺量分别为硅灰掺量的20%、40%、60%。并利用三轴仪对7、28 d龄期固化的超盐渍土进行抗剪强度指标测定。试验结果表明:7 d龄期,1%硅灰掺量的固化超盐渍土的摩擦角随石灰掺量的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,28d龄期,1%硅灰掺量的超盐渍土的摩擦角随石灰掺量的增加而减小;7、28 d龄期,3%、5%硅灰掺量的固化超盐渍土的摩擦角和黏聚力随着石灰掺量的增加而增加。鉴于超盐渍土的抗剪强度由摩擦角和黏聚力共同决定,而随硅灰和石灰掺量的增加,固化超盐渍土的摩擦角和黏聚力的变化趋势不一致,为了易于确定固化超盐渍土中硅灰和石灰土最佳掺量,文中给出了抗剪强度临界深度的判断公式,可依据判别公式来确定硅灰和石灰的最佳掺量。     

稻壳混凝土配合比设计及对工作性能的影响

以稻壳、粉煤灰、硅灰及水泥等为原料,用全计算配合比法配制稻壳混凝土,试验研究C30稻壳混凝土性能.结果表明:合理的稻壳掺量对混凝土的工作性能有一定的改善作用;适量掺入粉煤灰可以润滑集料颗粒,使混凝土具有更好的黏聚性和可塑性;硅灰和粉煤灰双掺,可以改善稻壳混凝土的黏聚性和保水性,比单掺粉煤灰效果更好.     

粉砂土改良弱膨胀土工程特性研究

通过在弱膨胀土中掺加粉砂土掺量分别为0％、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％的室内实验,对改良土的物理特性、力学特性、膨胀特性等变化规律展开研究,验证粉砂土对膨胀土改良作用,并提出达到合理改良效果的粉砂土掺量.实验结果表明:随着粉砂土掺量的增加,改良土自由膨胀率、塑限指数、塑限、液限逐渐降低,土中黏粒含量减少,降低了土的亲水特性;改良土的最大干密度相比于膨胀土明显升高,最佳含水率逐渐降低,减小了膨胀土中弱结合水水膜的厚度,其膨胀特性得到明显抑制;改良土的压缩模量逐渐增大,改良土的黏聚力减小,内摩擦角逐渐增大,无侧限抗压强度在粉砂土30％掺量前增大,无荷载膨胀率、有荷载膨胀率、膨胀力降低.根据实验结果的比较,建议合理的粉砂土掺量为30％.     

不同界面剂对湿接缝混凝土黏结性能影响

为了研究界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能的影响,首先通过力学性能试验,确定硅灰水泥净浆界面剂中硅灰的最佳掺量,再通过劈裂抗拉强度试验、三点弯曲试验和抗剪强度试验,探究普通水泥净浆、硅灰最佳掺量下的水泥净浆、环氧树脂作为界面剂,对湿接缝粘结性能的影响效果。结果表明:硅灰最佳掺量为8%,此时水泥净浆力学性能最优,从抗拉角度和抗剪角度进行分析,不同界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能的影响,由大到小排序均为:环氧树脂界面剂＞掺8%硅灰水泥净浆界面剂＞普通水泥净浆界面剂＞无界面剂,其中普通水泥净浆界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能提升较小,而环氧树脂界面剂和掺8%硅灰水泥净浆界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能提升效果较为明显。     

基于界面改性的水泥混凝土力学性能和机理

为了提高混凝土的力学性能,首先选取活性外加剂硅灰,采用内掺法将其掺入水泥,然后对不同硅灰掺量的净浆与混凝土进行了宏观力学试验;分别对比了硅灰对净浆与混凝土力学性能的改善结果,并分析了其产生改性结果差异的原因;最后结合SEM与XRD微观试验技术探究了其改性机理。结果表明：硅灰的掺入对水泥净浆的力学性未有明显改善;基于界面改性的水泥混凝土其28d抗压强度提升幅度较大,当硅灰掺量为10%时,较未改性混凝土其抗压强度提升了26.4%,可以推断出硅灰改善了混凝土界面从而提高混凝土整体力学性能;对比界面改性前后混凝土扫描电镜图,硅灰不仅提高了水泥基体的密实度,还改善了混凝土界面的结构与密度,以及界面处水化产物CH的排列方式;硅灰具有填充效应、促进二次水化反应及与CH发生火山灰反应等特性,随着硅灰的掺量的增加,其CH含量减小,C₃S和SiO₂增加,利用硅灰与水化产物间的物理、化学作用,达到改善改性后混凝土综合性能的目的。     

基于混料实验研究矿物外加剂对氯氧镁水泥性能的影响

目的研究矿物外加剂对氯氧镁水泥(简称镁水泥)强度和耐水性的影响,以解决镁水泥耐水性差、浸水后强度严重损失的问题.方法以粉煤灰、硅灰和铁尾矿为矿物外加剂,利用SEM和XRD观察分析改性后的镁水泥的微观结构和相组成;运用单纯形重心混料设计分析矿物外加剂复掺对镁水泥抗压强度和软化系数的影响;通过回归模型分析矿物外加剂对MgO-MgCl_2-H_2O三元体系抗压强度和软化系数影响的显著性.结果随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,镁水泥的抗压强度逐渐降低,软化系数逐渐提高;随着硅灰掺量的增加,镁水泥抗压强度逐渐降低,软化系数先升高后降低,当硅灰掺量为15%时,软化系数为0.85;随着铁尾矿掺量的增加,镁水泥抗压强度基本保持不变,软化系数降低;当m(粉煤灰)∶m(硅灰)=0.51∶0.49时,镁水泥抗压强度为39.99 MPa,软化系数为0.73.结论矿物外加剂能有效地改善镁水泥的耐水性,提高软化系数;矿物外加剂对镁水泥的改性机理基本相同;混料设计能够有效的分析复掺条件下各组分对镁水泥性能的影响.     

硅粉掺量对钢纤维混凝土抗冲耐磨性能的影响

基于钢纤维掺量为0.8%的3个不同等级的混凝土,在满足和易性要求的前提下,掺入不同量的硅粉进行配合比试验,利用HNK-3型混凝土抗含沙水流冲刷仪对多组混凝土进行抗冲耐磨试验.结果表明,混凝土抗冲耐磨强度随着硅粉掺量的增加呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,硅粉掺量临界点10%对应其抗冲耐磨的峰值强度.对比4个硅粉掺量的钢纤维混凝土微观影像可知,临界点处的硅粉掺量能最有效的提升钢纤维、水泥和混凝土骨料之间的黏结力,使钢纤维混凝土的抗冲耐磨强度获得显著提升.     

不同外加剂改性水泥土强度特性及细观结构分析

以粉煤灰、硅灰、石膏作为外加剂,与杭州典型工程粉质黏土和水泥混合制作改性水泥土,通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验研究了外加剂种类和掺量及养护龄期对改性水泥土强度的影响,并通过扫描电镜试验从微观角度阐释其强度变化规律的成因.研究结果表明：粉煤灰、硅灰、石膏三种外加剂对水泥土强度特性的改善效果从高到低依次为硅灰、石膏、粉煤灰;不同外加剂改性水泥土强度主要增长期均在14 d左右;以掺量为10%的硅灰和掺量为21%的水泥制作的硅灰改性水泥土在28 d养护龄期的强度最优,为8.11 MPa;未掺入外加剂的水泥土在微观上呈针尖状聚合结构,外加剂可通过填充针尖状聚合结构缝隙使水泥土形成稳定且更为致密的空间网状结构来提升水泥土的强度.     

硅灰对水泥净浆与砂浆性能及砂浆结构影响的研究

探讨不同掺量的硅灰对水泥净浆与砂浆性能及砂浆结构的影响.结果表明:掺入硅灰可以减缓水泥早期水化反应速度,使水化产物减少,结构疏松,使水泥砂浆早期强度有所下降.掺入适量的硅灰可以提高水泥后期水化反应速度,使水化产物增多,提高水泥砂浆的密实度,并能促使水化反应长期进行,从而提高水泥砂浆的后期与长期强度;硅灰的优化掺量为8%.掺入硅灰会降低水泥净浆的流动性,增加水泥的凝结时间,但水泥的安定性均为合格.     

海洋环境下硅灰混凝土的抗冻性与氯离子扩散性

针对海洋环境条件,重点研究了硅灰混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的关系.试验分析了水胶比、硅灰等量替代水泥掺量大小、引气剂掺量等因素对混凝土抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,掺加硅灰不能提高混凝土的抗冻性但可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性;硅灰只有与引气剂共同使用,才能同时提高混凝土的抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性能;硅灰掺量在10%左右对混凝土的抗冻和抗氯离子渗透综合性能影响存在一个最佳值.为评估混凝土的抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性的综合性能,提出了新的评价方法--冻渗比(R值方法),并进行了试验验证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with