异丙苯歧化反应中催化剂酸性和孔结构作用分析

系统研究了分子筛催化剂和层状催化剂上的异丙苯歧化反应.结果表明,催化剂酸性和孔结构共同决定异丙苯歧化反应活性和选择性.其中,Hβ活性高于HY归因于Hβ酸性高于HY.而与Hβ和HY相比,HZSM-5酸性最强,孔径最小,反应的择形性使其反应历程不同于Hβ和HY,活性和歧化选择性均较Hβ和HY低.MCM-41和层状催化剂α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)、混合金属氧化物柱撑α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP/Al-Cr)、四水硫酸锆(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O)和层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O/SiO2)因较Hβ、HY和HZSM-5弱酸性而均表现出较低的异丙苯歧化反应活性.同时,二异丙苯的形成是高度择形的,催化剂孔道越大,间位与对位二异丙苯的摩尔比越大.     

铝和磷对催化裂化催化剂抗镍性能的影响

选择Ａｌ和Ｐ元素作为催化裂化催化剂的钝镍组分，并用裂化反应产物中氢气含量、微活指数（ＭＡＴ）、积炭量等指标对元素Ａｌ和Ｐ的钝镍效果进行了考察。结果表明，Ａｌ和Ｐ均能降低裂化反应产物中的氢气含量，Ａｌ能提高催化剂的裂解活性，而Ｐ能减少催化剂上的积炭。因此，Ａｌ和Ｐ对抑制Ｎｉ污染都有明显效果。     

铝和磷对催化裂化催化剂抗镍性能的影响

选择Ａｌ和Ｐ元素作为催化裂化催化剂的钝镍组分，并用裂化反应产物中氢气含量、微活指数（ＭＡＴ）、积炭量等指标对元素Ａｌ和Ｐ的钝镍效果进行了考察。结果表明，Ａｌ和Ｐ均能降低裂化反应产物中的氢气含量，Ａｌ能提高催化剂的裂解活性，而Ｐ能减少催化剂上的积炭。因此，Ａｌ和Ｐ对抑制Ｎｉ污染都有明显效果。     

MCM-22沸石催化剂的苯与长链烯烃烷基化性能

用NH3-TPD法研究了4种不同硅铝摩尔比的MCM-22沸石的酸性质，在常压间歇式反应器中考察了它们在苯与长链烯烃烷基化反应中的催化性能，并与HY和HZSM-5沸石催化剂进行了比较。实验结果发现MCM-22的催化活性与其强酸量有一致的关系，与其硅铝摩尔比无对应关系；MCM-22的活性比HY低，但对2-P的选择性远远高于HY，这说明了MCM-22对2-P具有形状选择作用。     

CRC－3裂化催化剂被无机钒酸盐中毒活性的考察

采用微反应活性测试（ＭＡＴ）装置，以正庚烷为原料在反应温度为５５０℃和液空速为１０ｈ－１下，考察了ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂活性随水蒸汽处理时间的变化规律．模拟工业流化催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）条件，制备了无机钒酸盐中毒的催化剂，进而对其活性进行考察．ＭＡＴ活性评价数据表明，用水蒸汽处理ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂１２ｈ以后，其活性趋于平衡；而使ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂中毒的无机钒酸盐中钒含量高达０．５％时，催化剂活性将发生明显的变化．     

异丙苯裂解反应中Ti-ZSM-5分子筛的活性衰减与积炭

用异丙苯裂解反应考察了Ti-ZSM-5分子筛的催化活性,发现裂解活性与Ti-ZSM-5中Si/Ti有关,Ti进入分子筛骨架降低了积炭活性,但焦炭的生成并不影响稳态活性,表明炭主要沉积在催化剂的外表面上。     

［（N，N－二膦酸亚甲墓）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂的催化加氢活性

一类新型负载钯催化剂：［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂由Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ４）２－ｘ［（Ｏ３ＰＣＨ２）２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ］ｘ·Ｈ２Ｏ与ＰｄＣｌ２在甲醇中络合和水台胼还原制得．研究了催化剂在常压下对取代烯烃和硝基苯的加氢反应，催化剂的ｘ值、Ｐｄ％含量，＞ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ／Ｐｄ比值、反应温度、溶剂和底物对催化加氢活性的影响也进行了研究．催化剂可重复使用８次而无显著失活．［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆；氯化钯；负载；催化活性     

过氧化氢异丙苯环氧化丙烯的催化工艺

以有机钼醇化合物为催化剂,叔丁醇为溶剂,研究了过氧化氢异丙苯（CHP）氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷（PO＿的反应,考察了反应条件对氧化性能的影响,结果表明,每毫升催化剂含酸量低于150mg KOH的催化剂性能基本相同,合成的催化剂具有较强的酸性,可分解过氧化氢异丙苯,在反应混合物中加入碱性物质,可阻过氧化氢异丙苯的分解,溶剂对丙烯环氧化性能有较大的影响,以钼／1,2－丙二醇化合物为催化剂,叔丁醇为溶剂,反应温度95－105度, 时间2h-3h,压力0.5MPa-0.7MPa,过氧化氢异丙苯的转化率为34．2％,环氧丙烷的选择性为64．0％。     

减压瓦斯掺入超临界溶剂脱沥青油的催化裂化性能

利用实验室固定式流化床反应装置，考察了将孤岛渣油的超临界溶剂脱沥青油（ＤＡＯ）掺入到孤岛减压瓦斯油（ＶＧＯ）中对其催化裂化反应结果的影响．同时考察了两种裂化催化剂偏Ｙ－１５和ＲＨＺ－２００的不同性能，实验结果表明，掺入量为１０％时，其裂化性能较ＶＧＯ明显地变差；掺入量由１０％增大到２０％，其产品分布的差异表现不很明显，但焦炭产率明显增加，焦炭产率与ＤＡＯ的掺入量近似成直线关系．偏Ｙ－１５和ＲＨＺ－２００裂化性能的差异不很明显，但后者的焦炭选择性好，适用于重质原料．     

钒污染对CRC－3 FCC催化剂选择性的影响及钝钒剂的研究

以正庚烷为裂化原料，采用微反活性评价装置和气相色谱分析方法研究了重金属钒对ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂选择性的影响，并用Ｘ射线衍射仪测定了经钒污染后催化剂相对结晶度的变化．结果表明，ＣＲＣ－３催化剂上沉积的钒具有脱氢活性，明显降低了催化剂的裂化反应选择性和相对结晶度．向ＣＲＣ－３催化剂中加入高岭土或α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３担载的稀土氧化物（ＲＥ２Ｏ３），可明显提高催化剂的抗钒污染能力．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.