煤层气地球化学研究现状与发展趋势

概述了煤层气作为新资源的研究及开发状况，全面评述了煤层气地球化学研究的现状：其组分以CH4为主，δ13C1值约为－80‰—－10‰，有限的δD1值数据为－333‰—－117‰，CO2的δ13C值为－29.4‰—+18.6‰，其他组分的同位素则极少研究；煤层气目前仅主要识别出热成因气和次生生物气两种类型，还有其他划分标准；与常规天然气相比，煤层气CH4和CO2的δ13C值的分布范围很宽，尤其存在特高值．目前煤层气地球化学存在并需解决的主要问题为：甲烷碳、氢同位素组成变化的机理、影响因素及其应用；δ13C1值与Ro值的关系；煤层气成因类型的系统划分方案和指标以及煤层气地球化学在煤层气选区评价中的应用等．     

五台山-恒山一带金银矿床铅同位素地球化学特征

对五台山——恒山一带金银多金属矿床铅同位素地球化学研究表明，该区成矿物质主要来自下地壳及地幔，但太古宙绿岩型金矿铅同位素变化较大，而燕山期次火山岩型金银多金属矿床铅同位素较为集中，两期的成矿既有继承性，又有变异性。为新一轮普查找矿提供重要地质信息。     

大别山榴辉岩研究概述

榴辉岩作为典型的超高压变质岩,是研究碰撞造山带演化过程及地球深部变质作用的物质基础。该文阐述了我国大别山造山带榴辉岩的研究意义,大别山的地质背景以及榴辉岩的特征及产出特点。总结了大别山榴辉岩的同位素地球化学（包括碳、氢氧和稀有气体同位素）和稀土元素地球化学特征,并提出了一些在大别山榴辉岩的研究中尚有争论的问题,如榴辉岩原岩的成因及来源、榴辉岩形成过程中板块的俯冲深度、超高压变质过程中稀土元素的稳定性等。这些问题的解决还有赖于对大别地区的超高压变质岩做进一步的岩石地球化学及微量元素地球化学的研究。     

新疆喀孜别克锡矿床地质地球化学研究

本文论述了新疆喀孜别克锡矿床的含矿岩休、矿床地质、成矿的物理化学条件和成矿地球化学的流体包裹体、硫、氧、铅、铷－锶同位素和稀土元素特征，确定矿床成因是与花岗岩有关的高－中温热液矿床．     

油藏地球化──石油地球化学的新进展

系统地综述了油藏地球化学领域的最新进展和主要研究内容：（１）储层孔隙形成的有机一无机反应及储层孔隙分布预测；（２）油藏地球化学描述与油藏注入史的研究；（３）油气田开发动态的地球化学监测技术；（４）油田开发中油－岩润湿性的地球化学机制及其应用．深入研究油藏地球化学，对于剖析储层特征与油藏注入史，认识油藏流体性质在三维空间的展布规律，寻找新的油气聚集带，监测油气田开发动态、提高油气田的产能和最终采收率都有重要的理论意义和现实意义．     

镜铁山铁铜矿床热液沉积地球化学研究

镜铁山铁矿中新近发现并正在进行铜矿的勘探。这个矿床的含矿层虽然作为震旦系同生沉积体的一部分与地层整合产出，但它的化学组成明显不同于围岩，典型元素组合为：Ｆｅ—Ｃｕ—Ｓｉ—Ｂａ，热液沉积指示元素富集，Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｔｉ、Ｐ、Ｙ等的相互关系可与现代洋底含金属热液沉积物较好类比；Ｓ、Ｃ、Ｏ、Ｐｂ同位素地球化学研究证明成岩成矿物质与地热系统中的深部流体有关，而非陆源风化物所能提供；成矿流体为酸性（ＰＨ＝４．８７—５．３７）、还原（Ｅｈ＝—０．２９Ｖ——０．５８Ｖ）热（１７５Ｃ）水；地球化学研究证明了该矿床的形成经历了（主期）海底热液同生沉积和（次期）后生热液叠加（对铜硫化物再富集有一定作用）两个过程。     

中国盐湖地球化学发展历程与研究进展

盐湖蕴藏有许多重要化学成分,是多种盐类的重要来源。研究不同地区不同类型盐湖的形成演化及成矿规律,可为盐湖资源评价及合理的开发利用提供科学依据。文章简要概述了中国盐湖地球化学的起源及发展历程,重点介绍了元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、矿物地球化学和盐类包裹体地球化学等方面的应用及进展,并提出了今后中国盐湖地球化学的发展方向,对研究盐类矿产成矿规律、盐湖资源潜力评价、古气候重建及盐湖生态等具有重要的现实意义。     

评述统计学方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

多元统计分析属于数学地质的的一个分支，是环境地球化学研究中一个强而有力的工具。本文主要介绍了在环境地球化学研究过程中比较常用的多元统计方法，如：相关分析、回归分析、因子分析、聚类分析、地统计分析、趋势面分析等方法的原理及其在环境地球化学研究中的主要研究内容与应用方向。     

地球化学区划与原产地域产品保护初探

原产地域产品保护制度已经成为世界各国普遍关注的一大热点.元素-铅同位素地球化学填图结果表明,我国已出现许多名优原产地域产品群落,川黔交界的中国著名白酒原产地环境就是一个待解之谜.中国有两个主要白酒原产地群落,最有名的是茅台酒和五粮液酒.通过元素-铅同位素地球化学示踪可以建立与原产地域密切相关的自然背景地质、地理与地球化学科学数据标记.     

国内期刊亮点

正青藏高原东北缘白银矿田表生黄钾铁矾40Ar/39Ar年代学和H-O同位素地球化学的初步研究中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所陈蕾和李建威对青藏高原东北缘祁连山地区白银矿田折腰山块状硫化物矿床风化壳中表生黄钾铁矾进行了40Ar/39Ar年代学和H-O同位素地球化学的初步研究,为祁连     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.