污泥基吸附剂的制备及吸附铜离子的性能

以焦化污水处理过程产生的剩余污泥为原材料,采用水热炭化法和热解法将其制成污泥基吸附剂,并研究其对重金属Cu2+的吸附性能。采用正交实验法确定水热炭污泥基吸附剂的最佳制备条件是反应温度170℃、反应时间1.5 h、水与湿污泥之比是15 m L:95 g;在水热炭化之后的热解温度为600℃,制得热解炭污泥基吸附剂。通过比表面分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等分析手段,对污泥基吸附剂进行吸附性能分析,初步探究吸附机理。采用污泥基吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附实验表明,水热炭化法制得的污泥基吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附率70.26%,水热炭化法联合高温热解法制得的污泥基吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附率为96.80%,为焦化废水剩余污泥的处理处置和综合利用提供了参考。     

不锈钢酸洗污泥中重金属的浸出试验研究

采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为：硫酸 >盐酸 >硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6：1、温度为30℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准.     

水热浸出LF精炼废渣物化性能研究

为降低LF精炼废渣返回冶金过程再利用时有害元素硫的危害,对其进行水热浸出去硫试验。采用ICP电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜结合能谱仪分析LF精炼废渣水热浸出前后的化学成分、物相组成及形貌,同时用离子色谱仪检测浸出液中硫的存在形式及含量,考察水热浸出处理对废渣物化性质的影响及废渣中硫在浸出体系中的迁移行为。结果表明,水热浸出处理后废渣有效组分不发生明显改变,主要物相仍为3CaO·Al2O3、2CaO·SiO2、12CaO·7Al2O3和CaO,但水热过程中有对应水合产物形成,同时废渣由整体性较好的块状分散成粒状及片状小颗粒,且提高水热处理温度可使浸出渣颗粒尺寸略有减小;废渣中的硫主要以S2-的形式迁移到浸出液中,且提高浸出温度可大大增加硫的迁移量,150℃条件下,废渣水热浸出去硫率可达46.5%。     

响应曲面法优化电镀污泥铜离子浸出实验

为了实现电镀污泥的无害化、资源化,优化回收其中含有的重金属具有非常重要的意义。为能够更加有效地回收利用重金属,针对单因素实验对优化条件的不足,采用单因素实验法为辅、BoxBehnken Design(BBD,响应面优化设计)法为主的方法,研究了浸出剂种类、浸出剂浓度、液固比、温度、时间对电镀污泥中铜浸出率的单独影响及主要因素间的交互作用。通过响应曲面法得到的回归方程模型来预测铜浸出率得到最佳的实验条件参数,同时用得到的响应曲面图和等高线图来直观反应各因素对铜浸出率的影响及交互作用强弱。通过实验数据分析以及实验验证,发现浸出剂为2. 0 mol/L硫酸、液固比为15∶1(m L∶g,即每克污泥中加入浸出剂15 m L)、温度为100℃、时间为120 min时,电镀污泥中浸出铜的浸出率最高,达到82. 99%,且在各主要因素中,对铜的浸出率影响最大的依次是温度、液固比及液固比和温度之间的交互作用。     

污泥及污泥水解液对大豆生长的影响

本文阐述了污泥热水解产物中四种重金属以及其对植物生长的影响。结果表明,热水解过程中,Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb有84％～98％转移到固相中,并且在固相中主要以残渣态存在。污泥水解液促进了大豆生长,污泥则对大豆生长表现出抑制效果。     

金属盐类对玉米芯水热炭化过程的影响

以生物质玉米芯为原料,研究水热炭化法制备生物炭技术特点.在180~230℃水热条件下,分别以水、氯化铝和氯化锌溶液为液相进行了生物炭化过程实验,检验了温度和液相因素的影响,使用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等技术对生成生物炭的化学及结构变化特性进行了分析和表征.所得生物炭产率为30.3%~50.12%,碳含量为44.26%~63.72%、C/O为0.89%~2.08%、C/H为7.26%~14.19%,热值为17.14~24.37 m J/kg.与水相比,在金属盐类溶液中较低的温度下可生成有较高碳含量和热值的生物炭,在环境扫描电镜中发现该类生物炭呈现较多的球形结构,其中氯化铝对生物炭化过程影响显著.研究为生物质的水热碳化过程合理化提供技术参考.     

大型海藻和微藻的水热碳化产物特性比较分析

水热碳化(HTC)是一种将高含水率生物质高效转化为燃料的新兴资源化技术，但至今尚未见大型海藻与微藻的HTC产物比较.以海带(Laminaria sp.)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)作为大型海藻的代表，小球藻(Chlorella sp.)作为微藻的代表，考察其水热炭和水热液的特性.结果显示：海带基水热炭、浒苔基水热炭和小球藻基水热炭的高位热值分别为18.4,18.8和25.5 MJ/kg, 3种水热炭均可作为燃料使用.3种水热液包含大量的有机物，相比于大型海藻，小球藻水热液(HL-C)的化学需氧量(COD)、总氮含量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)含量和pH更高，而海带水热液(HL-L)和浒苔水热液(HL-U)的成分相似.HL-L、HL-U和HL-C的甲烷产率分别为171.4,153.2和191.3 mL/g(以COD计),HL-C中高的VFAs含量可能导致其较高的甲烷产率.可见，HTC是大型海藻和微藻资源化的一种快速、高效策略，且其中微藻小球藻HTC产物的燃料特性更佳.     

低碱度钢渣基油井及地热井胶凝材料的研究--Ⅲ富镁低碱度钢渣的水热反应

通过研究富镁低碱度钢渣的水热反应得出富镁低碱度钢渣具有水热活性,水热条件下形成具有胶凝性的富镁水化硅酸钙产物.钢渣中CMS、C3MS2的水热活性高于纯CMS、C3MS2的水热活性.Mg2+优先固溶于水化硅酸钙中,其余部分根据水热温度不同而形成Mg(OH)2或蛇纹石.     

污泥低温水热处理过程中影响因素的研究

对市政污泥进行低温水热处理,针对不同反应温度130、160、190、220、250℃和不同反应停留时间15 min、30 min、1 h、1.5 h、2 h水热处理后污泥的脱水性能进行探究,通过测定污泥比阻、泥饼含水率和污泥体积指数来表征污泥的脱水性能,并确定了水热反应的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,反应停留时间与反应温度相比较,反应温度对水热污泥的脱水性能有着更大的影响,随着反应温度的上升,污泥脱水性能呈现先变差后逐渐变好的趋势。     

温度对污泥焚烧灰中重金属迁移行为与浸出特性的影响

实验考察了温度分别为500、600、700和800℃时,污泥在焚烧炉中停留25min后的污泥灰中和原污泥中重金属(Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb)的含量;采用改进的分步BCR提取法来研究7种重金属的酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态的分布特征,并利用地累积指数法(Igeo)对重金属潜在风险进行了评价,模仿酸雨条件探讨了污泥焚烧前后重金属的浸出特性.实验结果表明,污泥焚烧温度达到500℃以上,焚烧灰中上述7种金属元素可氧化态和残渣态基本呈增长趋势,生态风险等级均不同程度的降低,700℃时,各元素主要以残渣态形式存在,此时,Pb、Cr、Co三种元素的Igeo潜在生态风险等级由原来的1级降为0级,Cd元素的Igeo风险等级由原来的9级降为7级,在800℃时,Cu元素的风险级别由2级降为1级.浸出毒性实验表明,焚烧灰中重金属浸出毒性远远低于焚烧前,随着温度的升高,浸出毒性呈现下降趋势,且随着时间的增加,浸出毒性含量逐渐增大.原污泥Mn元素在4h浸出率100%,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率下降到27.1%;Cu元素800℃焚烧后,20h浸出率由原来的20.6%降低到4.2%;Co、Ni、Cr、Cd、Pb元素,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率分别由原来的18.3%、22.7%、14.3%、9.4%、18.2%降低到3.0%、3.5%、0.31%、0.28%、0.21%,其整体浸出能力与重金属形态分析结果基本一致.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.