BCF的热氧稳定化研究

采用连续实验方法,借助X射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、力学测试等技术,系统地研究了热氧稳定化过程中聚丙烯腈纤维序态结构、化学结构与生物碳纤维吸附特性、力学性能的内在关联与作用.研究结果表明:聚丙烯腈基热氧稳定化纤维晶区尺寸、取向指数等结构参数与BCF比表面积、吸附特性及力学性能的优劣具有直接内在联系.在热氧稳定化过程中增加聚丙烯腈纤维热氧稳定化结构转化有益于改善生物碳纤维吸附特性,且与生物碳纤维力学性能的变化密切相关.     

聚丙烯腈纤维热稳定化反应动力学研究

采用“改进Coats-Redfern”法,通过差式扫描量热(DSC)研究了聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维在惰性气氛中的热稳定化反应动力学,探索了PAN纤维在惰性气氛中的热稳定化反应机理。结果表明：在40~400℃范围内,PAN纤维在惰性气氛中的热稳定化反应总体上符合一级的反应级数模型,计算得到表观反应活化能E_a=177.1kJ/mol;进一步分区通过分区研究和计算,提出了“三区域反应动力学模型”,此模型的计算值与实验值相吻合,能很好地预测PAN纤维在不同升温速率时的热行为;初步提出了PAN纤维在惰性气氛中的热稳定化反应机理。     

硅烷交联改性对UHMWPE纤维蠕变性能的影响

将热引发剂和硅烷交联剂引入萃取阶段的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维中,使其在纤维的热拉伸过程中引发接枝并在纤维内形成交联结构,以改善UHMWPE纤维的抗蠕变性能.研究了UHMWPE纤维对改性剂的吸附情况,测定了改性前后纤维的表面官能团分布、结晶性能、力学性能以及不同温度及应力水平下的蠕变行为.研究结果表明:改性剂被有效吸附在UHMWPE纤维内及其表面,拉伸后改性纤维内形成了交联结构;改性纤维的结晶度变大,对纤维的力学性能有轻微影响,改性后纤维的抗蠕变性能均得到较大程度的改善.     

预炭化过程中升温速率对碳纤维结构与性能的影响

借助13C核磁共振波谱（13C-NMR）,X射线衍射（XRD）,拉曼光谱（Raman）等表征手段,研究了预炭化过程中聚丙烯腈基热氧稳定化纤维的热化学反应以及微观结构的变化,且重点研究了预炭化过程（400~800 ℃）升温速率对纤维热应力、结构、力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着预炭化升温速率的提高,纤维类石墨层间距 d₀₀₂ 呈现出先减小后增大,晶区堆叠厚度 L_c 呈现出先增大后减小的的趋势;与之相对应的纤维拉伸强度和拉伸模量则呈现出先增大后减小的变化;当升温速率达到132 ℃/min时, d₀₀₂ 和 L_c 分别出现最小值和最大值,此时所得碳纤维的力学性能最高。     

丙烯酸甲酯在聚丙烯腈原丝热稳定化中的作用

研究了丙烯酸甲酯在丙烯腈共聚纤维热稳定化过程中的作用。实验结果表明,丙烯酸甲酯作为丙烯腈的共聚组分,主要起着延缓氰基环化反应的作用。同时,丙烯酸甲酯的存在对提高聚丙烯腈预氧丝的皮层含量是有益的。     

肼-铜离子阻燃改性腈纶的结构及其阻燃机理

作者通过 IR,UV-VI,DSC 等测试手段,研究了各种改性腈纶纤维的结构及阻燃机理。结果表明:经两步法制得的铜改性腈纶纤维与钙改性纤维相比,除水解量少,改性纤维的强度较高外,还具有较牢固的螯合交联结构,使之在受热燃烧时,大大减少了因燃烧产生的热量;限氧指数值高达50以上,进一步提高了阻燃效果及其实用价值。     

铜盐在聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维热稳定化过程中的作用

本文采用动态力学粘弹法(DDV)、红外光谱法(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X 光电子能谱分析(XPS)等实验方法研究了铜盐对聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维热稳定化过程的作用。研究结果表明,经铜盐处理后的 PAN 纤维,其玻璃化温度(Tg)升高了45.6℃,在热稳定化过程中模量损失小,同时,模量回升的温度,即开始环化的温度明显降低。IR 分析显示,经铜盐处理的 PAN 纤维热稳定化时,脱氢和形成芳化结构的速度加快,从而证实了铜盐对 PAN 纤维的环化和氧化有催化作用。     

Cu-Zn-Al合金热弹性马氏体稳定化及单向记忆寿命估计

本文研究了Cu-Zn-Al合金热弹性马氏体稳定化问题。实验表明,不论直接淬火或分级淬火的合金,当其在马氏体状态时效时,都会发生热弹性马氏体稳定化现象,但后者稳定化速率大为减小,其激活能远大于前者。这一结果可用来估计单向记忆寿命。此外,本文还从结构上研究了马氏体稳定化机理,认为再有序化和空位钉扎是影响马氏体稳定化的诸多因素中的两个重要因素。     

功能化聚丙烯腈纤维抗霉菌性能研究

采用化学方法对聚丙烯腈纤维进行改性,再通过离子交换将不同烷基链的季鏻盐离子引入到聚丙烯腈纤维结构中,使其功能化,获得5种新型的季鏻盐改性抗霉菌纤维.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)等手段,对季鏻盐改性前后的纤维结构、形貌进行系统的表征.结果表明:季鏻官能团成功地引入到纤维的大分子链中,改性后纤维表面沟壑数增加,但均匀分布于纤维表面,纤维的整体结构并没有破坏,不影响其机械性能,在230℃以下,季鏻盐改性纤维具有良好的热稳定性,72 h内季鏻盐离子从纤维中的溢出非常少.测试了季鏻盐改性纤维对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus lavus)、黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、橘绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride)和里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)的混合霉菌的防霉性能.所有季鏻盐改性纤维均不适合霉菌生长,防霉效果与烷基链长度成正比,属于0级防霉材料.     

纳米SiO2改性纤维在水泥基材料中的应用

制备出新型的纳米二氧化硅改性聚丙烯纤维,测试了纤维的力学性能以及纳米颗粒在纤维表面的分布状况,并将其应用在砂浆与混凝土中.重点研究了改性纤维提高与基材界面性能的机理,主要考察改性纤维的分散性、抗裂性及对砂浆与混凝土力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,改性纤维具有优良的力学性能,二氧化硅在纤维表面均匀分散,纤维与基材的界面性能得到改善,并表现出极佳的分散性与抗裂性,对纤维增强砂浆与混凝土的抗压、抗折强度在一定程度上有所提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.