Fe_2O_3对煤灰熔融性影响的机理

研究了Fe2O3对煤灰熔融性影响的机理。加入1%和4%Fe2O3,对煤灰成分进行SEM和XRD分析,实验结果表明,加入Fe2O3,煤灰熔点呈先降低后升高的趋势。煤灰中其它化学成分与Fe2O3发生反应,生成了熔点较低的低温共熔物,对于煤灰熔点起助熔剂的作用;随着加入量的增加,灰熔点升高,这是因为在弱还原环境中加热,Fe2O3被还原成熔点高的Fe O,Fe O的熔点很高,使灰熔点升高。     

钙基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿混煤的灰熔融特性影响

研究了钙基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿混煤(AQ007)灰熔融特征的影响,并采用XRD和红外光谱分析了钙基助熔剂添加前后不同热处理温度下AQ007煤灰的矿物组成.结果表明:1 000℃以上形成的莫来石是导致AQ007煤灰熔点高的主要原因,加入钙基助熔荆可以降低AQ007煤灰的熔融温度.这是因为添加钙基助熔剂后,高温下含钙化合物间容易形成钙长石、钙黄长石等低温共熔化合物,从而使煤的灰熔点下降.     

铁基助熔剂对煤的灰熔融特性影响研究

研究选用皖北朱仙庄煤样,利用微机灰熔点测定仪,研究加入不同质量比的助熔剂Fe_2O_3对朱仙庄煤灰熔融性的影响,结合XRD及FTIR对样品的矿物组成进行分析。结果表明,随着助熔剂Fe_2O_3添加量的增加,煤的灰熔点出现先降低后又升高的变化趋势,当Fe_2O_3添加量在3.5%时可使煤样灰熔点降至1228℃;对煤灰的XRD及FTIR图谱分析得知,加入Fe_2O_3助熔剂可生成低温共熔物从而降低了煤灰熔融温度。     

添加CaCO3对煤灰熔融性影响及其机理的研究

考察了CaCO3不同添加量对三种低灰熔点煤样的软化温度（ST）的影响,揭示了CaCO3对煤灰熔融性的影响规律。同时结合X射线衍射技术及CaO—Al2O3—SiO2三元相图探讨了加入CaCO3后的煤灰熔融机理。结果表明,煤灰熔点随CaCO3加入量的提高先降后升,当煤灰CaO超过一定含量后可起到提高灰熔点的阻熔剂作用。机理表明氧化钙在加热过程中与其他成分会生成多种高含钙化合物,各物质之间会形成低温共熔化合物,造成灰熔点降低,当钙含量过高时,由于过剩氧化钙的存在,灰熔点上升。     

铝钙复合物对福建低灰熔点煤灰的影响

选取龙岩(LY)和上京(SJ)两种福建低灰熔点煤,利用灰熔点测定仪研究氧化铝、氧化钙及铝钙复合物对两种煤灰熔融温度的影响规律.研究结果表明:加入Al_2O_3(4%～18%,质量分数,下同)可以一直提高灰熔点,加入CaO(2%～8%)使灰熔点降低.但LY灰、 SJ灰中添加较多Al_2O_3后再加少量CaO可使灰熔点比对应只加Al_2O_3的高,表现出铝钙协同作用.通过XRD和SEM-EDX分析煤灰在高温下的矿物转化行为、表面微观形貌及化学组成,研究铝钙协同作用对低灰熔点煤的影响规律及其机理.结果发现:加入氧化铝后,煤灰在高温下生成的耐熔矿物莫来石是提高灰熔点的主要因素;加入较高含量的氧化铝和少量的氧化钙后,灰中先生成莫来石矿物,其中的氧化钙则会生成钙长石;在有莫来石存在时,钙长石与莫来石一起导致其熔融温度升高,从而提高灰熔点.     

高温弱还原性气氛下MgO的助熔机理

利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察等现代测试方法,分析添加MgO助熔剂的煤灰中矿物在高温熔融过程中的行为以及微观形貌,并讨论了MgO的助熔机理。结果表明:高温弱还原性气氛下,原煤灰中的主要矿物为莫来石,它的存在使煤灰熔点较高。添加MgO助熔剂后,煤灰中存在的晶体矿物为堇青石、镁橄榄石及假蓝宝石,它们之间发生了低温共熔,1 300℃时,大部分矿物已经熔融,有较多的玻璃相产生,出现的玻璃相不断将周围物料浸润和熔融,导致煤灰熔点降低。     

煤泥对煤灰熔融特性的影响及机理研究

煤泥是洗煤过程中产生的一种废弃物,以煤泥为添加剂分别加入到低灰熔点的神木西沟煤和神木河畔煤中,利用X射线衍射和电镜扫描分析了添加煤泥的煤灰在不同温度下矿物组成的变化,初步探讨了煤泥对煤灰熔融特性的影响机理。实验结果表明,煤泥可以有效改善煤灰熔融特性,提高低灰熔点煤的灰熔点。     

若干典型煤灰样烧结熔融特性研究

为了进一步认识灰渣的沾污结渣特性,对不同灰熔点的六种煤灰样的烧结熔融特性展开试验研究.通过烧结率变化规律、X射线衍射仪(XRD)物相分析、微观扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针分析,研究煤灰样烧结熔融特性及其差异原因.结果表明,煤灰的强烧结性主要是因为较多低灰熔点的钠钾复合化合物等生成,而弱烧结性煤灰中含有大量高熔点物相.特别需要指出的是,灰熔点低的煤其烧结性未必强,而灰熔点高的煤其烧结性未必弱,关键取决于其反应生成的物相及其特性.     

污泥及其与煤混合物的热解特性和灰熔融特性

采用热重分析法对造纸污泥、市政污泥及其与煤的混合物的热解特性进行了系统研究.揭示了污泥、煤及其两者混合物热解特性的异同,研究了升温速率、掺混比等因素对混合试样热解特性的影响,提出了挥发分综合释放特性指数.研究表明:造纸污泥的挥发分析出特性与烟煤相当,而市政污泥的挥发分析出特性远优于造纸污泥和烟煤;在污泥与煤混合物的热解过程中,2种组分之间的相互作用可以忽略不计.随着升温速率的增加,污泥与煤混合物的挥发分初析温度提高,挥发分最高析出速率和平均析出速率升高.但升温速率对挥发分析出总量没有明显影响.测定了煤灰和污泥灰在不同混合比例下的熔融特征温度,测试结果表明,随着污泥灰比例的增大,混合试样的灰熔点逐渐下降,但由于存在低温共熔现象,不按线性规律变化.     

煤灰中霞石与钠长石的光学性质对熔融特性影响

使用Castep化学软件包,基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的局域密度近似(LDA),对煤灰熔融中产生的低熔点生成物霞石与钠长石进行了系统的光学特性理论研究.经比较发现,霞石与钠长石中的阴离子群[AlO4]-与硼砂助熔剂中的Na+发生反应,且霞石与钠长石相互作用产生低温共熔现象,使煤灰熔点降低.对于高熔点煤,应选取其中具有活泼光学性质、氧化还原性强、金属性强的元素作为助溶剂,其反应物之间易发生低温熔融反应,如钠元素、钙元素和铁元素.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.