助熔剂对高灰熔点煤灰流动温度的影响

以高灰熔点鲍店煤和南屯煤为对象,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和Fact-Sage软件等方法,研究了添加CaO和Fe2O3助熔剂对煤灰中矿物高温熔融行为的影响和助熔机理。结果表明:两种助熔剂都能有效降低煤灰熔融温度,助熔效果与助熔剂种类和添加量有关。     

钙基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿混煤的灰熔融特性影响

研究了钙基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿混煤(AQ007)灰熔融特征的影响,并采用XRD和红外光谱分析了钙基助熔剂添加前后不同热处理温度下AQ007煤灰的矿物组成.结果表明:1 000℃以上形成的莫来石是导致AQ007煤灰熔点高的主要原因,加入钙基助熔荆可以降低AQ007煤灰的熔融温度.这是因为添加钙基助熔剂后,高温下含钙化合物间容易形成钙长石、钙黄长石等低温共熔化合物,从而使煤的灰熔点下降.     

铁基助熔剂对煤的灰熔融特性影响研究

研究选用皖北朱仙庄煤样,利用微机灰熔点测定仪,研究加入不同质量比的助熔剂Fe_2O_3对朱仙庄煤灰熔融性的影响,结合XRD及FTIR对样品的矿物组成进行分析。结果表明,随着助熔剂Fe_2O_3添加量的增加,煤的灰熔点出现先降低后又升高的变化趋势,当Fe_2O_3添加量在3.5%时可使煤样灰熔点降至1228℃;对煤灰的XRD及FTIR图谱分析得知,加入Fe_2O_3助熔剂可生成低温共熔物从而降低了煤灰熔融温度。     

煤灰中霞石与钠长石的光学性质对熔融特性影响

使用Castep化学软件包,基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的局域密度近似(LDA),对煤灰熔融中产生的低熔点生成物霞石与钠长石进行了系统的光学特性理论研究.经比较发现,霞石与钠长石中的阴离子群[AlO4]-与硼砂助熔剂中的Na+发生反应,且霞石与钠长石相互作用产生低温共熔现象,使煤灰熔点降低.对于高熔点煤,应选取其中具有活泼光学性质、氧化还原性强、金属性强的元素作为助溶剂,其反应物之间易发生低温熔融反应,如钠元素、钙元素和铁元素.     

添加助熔剂降低高灰熔性淮南煤灰熔点

添加A、B、C、D四种助熔剂及它们的复合物来降低高灰熔性淮南煤灰熔点的研究表明,添加助熔剂可以降低高灰熔性淮南煤灰熔点,且其降低程度随助熔剂种类及用量的不同变化很大,其中0．5％A和1．0％B的复合助熔剂对50％淮南洗精煤和50％义马煤的配合煤中,助熔剂效果最好,能使配合煤灰熔点降到1350℃左右。     

铝钙复合物对福建低灰熔点煤灰的影响

选取龙岩(LY)和上京(SJ)两种福建低灰熔点煤,利用灰熔点测定仪研究氧化铝、氧化钙及铝钙复合物对两种煤灰熔融温度的影响规律.研究结果表明:加入Al_2O_3(4%～18%,质量分数,下同)可以一直提高灰熔点,加入CaO(2%～8%)使灰熔点降低.但LY灰、 SJ灰中添加较多Al_2O_3后再加少量CaO可使灰熔点比对应只加Al_2O_3的高,表现出铝钙协同作用.通过XRD和SEM-EDX分析煤灰在高温下的矿物转化行为、表面微观形貌及化学组成,研究铝钙协同作用对低灰熔点煤的影响规律及其机理.结果发现:加入氧化铝后,煤灰在高温下生成的耐熔矿物莫来石是提高灰熔点的主要因素;加入较高含量的氧化铝和少量的氧化钙后,灰中先生成莫来石矿物,其中的氧化钙则会生成钙长石;在有莫来石存在时,钙长石与莫来石一起导致其熔融温度升高,从而提高灰熔点.     

Fe_2O_3对煤灰熔融性影响的机理

研究了Fe2O3对煤灰熔融性影响的机理。加入1%和4%Fe2O3,对煤灰成分进行SEM和XRD分析,实验结果表明,加入Fe2O3,煤灰熔点呈先降低后升高的趋势。煤灰中其它化学成分与Fe2O3发生反应,生成了熔点较低的低温共熔物,对于煤灰熔点起助熔剂的作用;随着加入量的增加,灰熔点升高,这是因为在弱还原环境中加热,Fe2O3被还原成熔点高的Fe O,Fe O的熔点很高,使灰熔点升高。     

添加CaCO3对煤灰熔融性影响及其机理的研究

考察了CaCO3不同添加量对三种低灰熔点煤样的软化温度（ST）的影响,揭示了CaCO3对煤灰熔融性的影响规律。同时结合X射线衍射技术及CaO—Al2O3—SiO2三元相图探讨了加入CaCO3后的煤灰熔融机理。结果表明,煤灰熔点随CaCO3加入量的提高先降后升,当煤灰CaO超过一定含量后可起到提高灰熔点的阻熔剂作用。机理表明氧化钙在加热过程中与其他成分会生成多种高含钙化合物,各物质之间会形成低温共熔化合物,造成灰熔点降低,当钙含量过高时,由于过剩氧化钙的存在,灰熔点上升。     

高熔点煤灰添加硼砂助熔的理论和实验研究

将硼砂按不同比例分别掺入两种煤灰中,对混合灰样熔融特性进行实验研究.同时利用Gaussian软件对混合煤灰中矿物质相变进行量子化学计算,结果表明:莫来石分子中氧原子电负性很高,很容易与电子受体结合形成新的化学键,导致晶格结构发生改变形成新物质,添加硼砂助熔剂,其机理是加入的阳离子(Na+)促使莫来石晶格转变为低熔点的霞石,从而达到降低灰熔融温度.实验结果与理论计算结果相一致.     

煤灰熔融性的影响因素及其调控

综述了煤灰熔融性的影响因素及国内外研究进展。从定性和定量两个方面对煤灰化学组成与煤灰熔融性的关系进行了概述。总结了煤灰中典型的耐熔矿物质和助熔矿物质,并分析了其在受热过程中的演变规律。结合实例,简述了配煤、添加助剂两种调控煤灰熔融性的方法;揭示了反应气氛、压力对煤灰熔融性的影响。在分析讨论的基础上为气化、燃烧设备排渣工艺的优化以及煤种适用范围的扩大提出了建议。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.