质子交换膜燃料电池变载过程动态响应分析

为了研究质子交换膜燃料电池变载过程中气体传输对动态响应的影响,建立了5流道蛇形流场质子交换膜燃料电池三维单相模型,并基于实际参数进行Fluent仿真.分析了运行参数(包括工作压力、进气增湿、化学计量比)对质子交换膜燃料电池稳态性能的影响,以及运行参数对质子交换膜燃料电池动态性能的影响.结果表明:工作压力高、阳极湿度大、化学计量比大能提高燃料电池稳态性能,小电流密度下阴极湿度大燃料电池稳态性能好,大电流密度下则相反;工作压力高、化学计量比大、阴极湿度大能提高燃料电池动态性能.     

碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池实验及数值模拟

针对碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFC)水管理开展了实验及数值模拟工作,使用Tokuyama A201膜制备并组装了实验室规模的AEMFC单电池,建立了一个基于质量守恒、组分守恒及电荷守恒的碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池二维稳态等温模型,用于研究电池性能及内部水传输机理。通过模型计算分析电池性能及内部水传输和水分布情况,结果表明:计算预测得到的特定参数下的极化曲线趋势与单电池测试的数据吻合良好;电流密度增加会增大水从阳极到阴极的净通量,有利于阴极反应的进行;电池两极均需进气加湿,提高阳极进气湿度可以加快水从阳极到阴极的净迁移,在较高电流密度下阴极进气湿度过低对电池性能影响较大。     

质子交换膜燃料电池一维气液两相流模型研究

为研究质子交换膜燃料电池内水对电池输出性能的影响,搭建了一维燃料电池气液两相流模型,该模型考虑了氧气、氢气、水蒸气和液态水在气体流道、气体扩散层和催化层中的流动以及膜结合水在聚合物中的传输过程,同时考虑了电池内部水的相变。采用该模型分析了进气相对湿度对燃料电池输出性能的影响,结果表明:在小电流密度工况下,高相对湿度入口气体能够降低电池内阻提高输出电压;在进气相对湿度较高和大电流密度条件下,阳极比阴极更容易发生水淹。     

质子交换膜燃料电池多孔介质中水的两相迁移

在混合流动模型的基础上,建立了一个新的二维两相流模型来研究质子交换膜燃料电池内水分的传递规律和分布状态,在该模型中,催化剂层作为一个有厚度的实体包含在电极中.模型耦合了质子交换膜燃料电池电极中的流动方程.组分方程、催化剂层和质子交换膜中的电势和电流密度分布方程,可以应用在质子交换膜燃料电池的阴极,也可以使用在阳极.同时,模型还考虑了相变引起的液相和气相间的动量变化,重点模拟了水分在燃料电池的阴极、阳极和质子交换膜中的传递规律及其分布状态.模拟结果显示:升高加湿温度、提高电流密度和降低电池温度都会使电池质子膜中的水分含量增大,质子传导率升高,也会使阴极中液态水含量增加,阴极浓差极化加剧.     

基于反应状态原位测试的空冷型燃料电池运行参数分析

空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池内部反应状态是影响电池输出性能和稳定性的关键因素.通过研制空冷燃料电池反应状态的原位测试装置,实现电池温度和电流密度的实时测量,揭示氢气出口脉排间隔、氢气入口气压和阴极风速对电池性能的影响机制.研究表明：空冷电池中温度和电流密度分布不均,平均电流密度为500 mA/cm²时,电池内温度极差达到20℃,电流密度极差达到400 mA/cm².氢气出口脉排间隔越短、入口气压越大,氢气出口区域性能越好,分布均匀性越好,电流密度波动也越小,输出稳定性提高.如果阴极风速过低,电池局部温度高,温度分布均匀性降低;风速过高则导致生成水被吹走,质子膜含水量下降,电流密度分布均匀性变差.     

直接甲醇燃料电池的单电池实验测试及性能优化

以新型阻醇材料Na2Ti3O7/Nafion复合膜为质子交换膜,利用热压法制备膜电极(MEA),对直接甲醇单电池进行测试.考察了电池温度、阴极加湿温度、甲醇浓度、甲醇流速和空气流速5个参数对直接甲醇燃料电池极化曲线性能的影响.实验结果表明,电池温度对电池性能的影响较为明显,提高电池温度有利于得到较好的电池性能.甲醇浓度对电池性能影响也比较明显,较低甲醇浓度有利于提高电池性能.甲醇流速和空气流速对电池性能的影响较小,阴极加湿温度对电池性能几乎没有影响.通过分析优化,该直接甲醇燃料电池的电池性能最佳工作条件是在80℃情况下,低电流密度工作区采用较低浓度甲醇溶液,高电流密度工作区采用高浓度甲醇溶液.     

迷宫式新型流道对质子交换膜燃料电池的性能优化

质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)具有广泛的应用前景。为了提升流道构型对于质子交换膜燃料电池的综合性能,通过建立一种三维单相、等温的圆形交错迷宫式流道质子交换膜燃料电池模型,分析新型流道对质子交换膜燃料电池的输出性能、阴极氧和水浓度分布及阴极进气流速的影响。结果表明,圆形交错式流道相较于矩形交错式流道和蛇形流道电流密度提升25%和143%,也可以明显的改善流道内反应物和产物的分布和输运。阴极进气流速的增加可以提升电池的性能,但也会带来其他额外的损耗。可见,圆形交错式流道可以有效提升输出性能,改善氧和水的分布。     

质子交换膜燃料电池阴极单相流压降模型及验证

燃料电池阴极单相流压降是进行阴极在线水管理的基准,已有研究缺少该压降的全工况模型。该文在156W单片燃料电池上发现了阴极压降随电流、过量系数变化的二次方关系,并给出影响压降的5个参数:电流、过量系数、电池温度、进气压强以及进气湿度。提出了包括这些参数在内的流量二次方模型。通过分析各工况下模型系数与实验数据的对应关系得出模型与实验数据之间偏差小于10%。该模型可应用于蛇形流道或平行流道的所有电池堆,对在线水故障诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

固体氧化物燃料电池数值仿真模型的建立

基于COMSOL Multi-physics 5.3a仿真平台,建立三维模型对固体氧化燃料电池进行数值计算。考虑板式固体氧化物燃料电池单体内部的气体流动、组分质量分数、电化学反应过程,研究不同工况下的气体分布、电流密度和极化情况,分析电池长度、工作温度、进气成分对固体氧化物燃料电池工作性能的影响。研究结果表明:固体氧化物燃料电池入口处气体质量分数较大,电化学反应速率也较快;在高电流密度下,入口氧气的质量分数会显著影响电池性能,而在低电流密度下,氧气质量分数不是影响电池电压的主要因素;当电池工作温度升高时,电池内部很多参数会发生变化。     

燃料电池在机械应力下的工作参数分布

针对质子交换膜燃料电池在机械应力下的气-液两相流进行数学模拟研究,建立了一个二维质子交换膜燃料电池非等温两相流多物理场稳态模型. 该模型综合考虑了固体力学、电化学、传热传质以及气液两相流的物理因素,研究了质子交换膜燃料电池在机械应力作用下的两相流分布.计算结果显示：在机械应力作用下,燃料电池肋板下方的多孔介质应力明显大于流道下方的应力,且在肋板和流道交界处下方的气体扩散层会产生明显的应力集中现象;随着电流密度的增加,阴极相对湿度逐渐增加,但阳极相对湿度会减小;液态水仅在阴极产生且主要在肋板下方的多孔介质内形成,其在阴极的饱和度随电流密度的增加而不断增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with