含铅废渣料还原造锍熔炼回收铅和银工艺

针对铅锌冶炼企业产出大量含铅固体废弃物难以环保经济回收的难题,提出从多种含铅废料中回收二次铅的还原造锍熔炼新工艺.在热力学计算的基础上,进行以铅膏、铅渣、铅烟灰和黄铁矿烧渣的设计混合料为熔炼对象,以氧化铁为固硫剂,焦粉为还原剂,苏打和芒硝作为添加剂的工艺实验,研究熔炼过程中各影响因素对铅和银直收率的影响.得到优化的工艺条件：FeO/SiO2质量比为1.10,CaO/SiO2质量比为0.30,添加剂组成中Na2 CO3/Na2 SO4质量比为7：3,焦粉用量为含铅物料质量的15%,熔炼时间为2 h,熔炼温度为1200益.在此条件下综合实验中铅直收率为85.95%,银直收率为83.15%.新工艺具有固硫、综合利用和一步炼铅的优点.     

硫化锑精矿低温熔炼新工艺

针对我国现行火法炼锑工艺所存在的冶炼温度高、流程长和低浓度SO2烟气污染严重等弊端,提出一种新的火法炼锑工艺——硫化锑精矿低温熔盐熔炼。采用单因素实验法分别考察熔盐组成、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、熔盐量及固硫剂ZnO加入量对金属锑直收率和粗锑品位的影响。获得优化实验条件如下:熔炼温度为850℃,w(Na2CO3)/w(固体物)=5:1,w(Na2CO3)/w(NaCl)=0.75,w(ZnO)/w(理论量)=1.0,反应时间为1 h。在此优化条件下进行综合扩大试验,锑的直收率为84.42%,所得粗锑品位为86.66%。     

再生铅低温碱性固硫熔炼的实验研究

针对我国传统再生铅生产工艺所存在的熔炼温度高、能耗大、铅和低浓度SO2烟气污染严重等弊端,在对NaOH-C-PbSO4-ZnO低温碱性炼铅体系进行理论分析的基础上,提出了一种再生铅的低温碱性固硫熔炼新工艺.以废铅酸蓄电池胶泥(以下简称胶泥)为实验原料,采用单因素实验法分别考察NaOH用量、熔炼温度、焦粉用量及固硫剂ZnO用量对金属铅直收率和ZnO固硫率的影响.获得优化实验条件如下：m(NaOH)/m(胶泥)=60%,熔炼温度为860℃,m(焦粉)/m(胶泥)=10%,m( ZnO)=m(理论量).在此优化条件下进行综合扩大实验,铅的直收率为99.09%,获得粗铅品位为98.86%,ZnO固硫率为93.37%. X射线衍射图谱分析可知,反应后原料中硫主要以ZnS的形式固定在渣中,NaOH绝大部分转变为Na2 CO3,生产过程中无SO2气体排放.     

NaOH-Na_2S熔盐法处理分银渣

采用NaOH-Na2S熔盐体系处理分银渣,并对熔炼过程进行研究,考察碱渣比、盐渣比、熔炼温度和熔炼时间对金属元素锑、锡、砷的分离以及对铅、铋、金、银富集效果的影响。研究结果表明:熔炼的优化条件为:碱渣比和盐渣比分别为0.4和2.0,熔炼温度500℃、熔炼时间60 min。在此优化条件下,熔炼产物经浸出后,金属元素锑、锡和砷浸出率分别达到87.7%,95.5%和63.0%,铅、铋、金和银不浸出,富集到浸出渣中。     

红土镍矿还原熔炼制备镍铁的试验研究

对低铁、高硅、高镁腐殖土型红土镍矿的脱水和碳还原过程进行DTA-TG分析,确定脱水和固体碳还原反应的温度区间。在煅烧-还原熔炼红土镍矿制备镍铁中,针对矿石自然渣型碱度低、黏度及密度大,不利于金属与渣分离及镍回收率提高等问题,采用控制CaO加入量的方法,调节CaO-FeO-MgO-SiO2系炉渣的黏度和密度;探讨还原剂焦粉及CaO用量、温度、时间对熔炼效果的影响。综合考虑镍铁品位和镍的回收率,确定最佳还原熔炼试验条件:焦粉、石灰与矿石质量比分别为9.0%和8.3%,温度为1 550℃,时间为40 min。在最佳试验条件下,产出的镍铁品位为22.0%,镍、钴回收率分别为92.5%和70.0%。     

用AC法从高锑低银类铅阳极泥中回收银和铅

用AC法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥,其氯化浸出渣经转化脱氯、硅氟酸浸铅、氨水浸银和水合肼还原,得到含Ag大于95%的银粉,铅以硅氟酸铅溶液返回电解精炼.在V苏打溶液/m浸出渣=4mL/g,n苏打实=1.6n苏打理,转化时间为4h及温度为80℃的最佳转化条件下,铅、银、氯的平均转化率为91.42%;在V(H2SiF6)/m浸出渣=4mL/g,浸出时间为1h,温度为50～60℃的最佳浸铅条件下,硅氟酸浸铅率为85.74%～86.07%,硝酸浸铅率大于95%;在浸银过程中,银的浸出率约为94.0%,沉银率约为98.0%.在整个工艺中,银的直收率及总回收率分别为93.63%及98.80%,铅直收率为85.91%,总回收率98.99%.     

碳热还原-磁选工艺富集红土镍矿中金属镍

采用碳热还原-磁选富集镍的工艺处理低品位红土镍矿,以活性炭粉为还原剂,在还原球团内加入添加剂A以促进还原球团中金属晶粒的生长及磁性物质与非磁性物质的磁选分离,使红土镍矿在低于传统的熔炼温度下进行还原反应,可大大降低能量消耗.研究结果表明,最佳反应条件:还原温度为1 320℃,还原时间为1 20 min,还原剂与添加剂的质量分数分别为3%及5%;添加剂可促进金属晶粒的聚集,富集的金属晶粒更易于磁选分离;还原产品镍铁合金中镍的质量分数可达8.31%,矿石中镍的回收率可达95.44%,金属镍得到了富集.本工艺具有流程短、操作简单、能耗低及镍铁合金的经济价值高等优点.     

红土镍矿含碳球团还原富集镍铁

采用碳还原-磁选分离-熔炼工艺制备了镍铁合金.考察了在碳还原过程中添加剂的用量、还原温度、还原时间对镍铁的富集的影响.在添加剂和配碳量(质量分数)分别为5%和3%,还原温度1 320℃和还原时间为120min的条件下,磁性产物中镍、铁质量分数分别达到8.31%和71.5%,回收率达到95.44%和99.84%.熔炼后得到镍、铁质量分数分别为10.11%和83.75%的镍铁合金.对有、无添加剂所得还原产物的形态分析表明,自制添加剂对镍铁合金生长具有促进作用.     

冶金矿渣铅锌铁镍及稀贵金属回收利用研究及示范

该课题针对冶金矿渣多元素共生且复杂难选的特点,通过自主创新和技术集成,开发出高效新工艺、新药剂、新设备,解决其铅锌铁镍和稀贵金属等有价元素回收率低、精矿中杂质含量高等技术难题。对该冶金矿渣进行了五个专题的详细试验研究:(1)冶金矿渣工艺矿物学研究方面,对原渣、中间产品以及最终产品的物相和形态进行了深入研究,明确了不同矿渣试验前后的变化和差异,并对后续的试验进行很好的理论指导。(2)高炉瓦斯灰泥方面,通过还原焙烧、铅锌挥发、阶段磨矿、磁选选铁、湿法分离铅锌工艺,获得了品位为65.18%,回收率为76.06%且铅、锌分别为0.176%和0.078%的铁精矿和品位为79.54%回收率为94.99%的Zn O产品以及品位为33.56%,回收率为94.86%的粗铅产品,各项指标达到任务书中规定的指标。(3)黄铁矿烧渣方面,对黄铁矿烧渣进行了工艺矿物学、氰化浸金、吸附、锌粉置换、选铁等试验研究,得出了最佳工艺条件。最佳条件下,可获得金浸出率在78%左右;碳吸附率可达到97%~99%,金的置换率可达到99%以上。原渣细筛—重选—磨矿—重选—脱泥—浮选流程,当获得精矿铁品位为62.02%时铁回收率为63.98%,当精矿铁品位为61.67%时铁回收率为70.20%。(4)镍铜冶炼渣方面,通过实验室试验研究,形成了镍渣深度还原—磁选提铁技术。在优化的最佳条件下所得铁精矿铁品位为92.07%,铁回收率为90.45%,镍回收率为62.69%。(5)铅渣方面,在实验室条件下,对三种类型的铅渣进行了工艺矿物学、还原焙烧条件对铅渣中铅、锌、锑挥发的影响研究,得出了最佳的挥发工艺条件。第一种铅渣Zn、Sb、Pb分别为4.35%、1.78%和0.739%,在最佳条件下,Pb、Zn、Sb的挥发率分别达到90.20%、92.78%和71.32%。第二种铅渣Zn、Sb、Pb分别为4.44%、3.32%和3.71%,在最佳条件下,Pb、Zn、Sb的挥发率分别达到97.39%、99.59%和53.08%。     

铜浮渣富集熔炼过程金属分配行为

针对铜浮渣传统火法处理工艺存在能耗高,环保效果差,铅和铜分离不彻底的问题,采用熔池熔炼工艺处理铜浮渣,研究熔池熔炼过程中铁硅比(m(FeO)/m(SiO2))、钙硅比(m(CaO)/m(SiO2))、硫加入量、铁屑加入量、煤粉加入量和碳酸钠加入量对Pb,Cu,Bi,As,Sb和Sn元素分配的影响,并对熔炼产物渣相和锍相的物相组成进行检测。研究结果表明:在m(FeO)/m(SiO2)为1.9,m(CaO)/m(SiO2)为0.6,硫加入量为铜浮渣的3%,铁屑加入量为10%,煤粉加入量为5%,Na2CO3加入量为6%的最优条件下,Pb,Bi和Sb主要进入粗铅中,其在粗铅中的分配率分别为83.43%,99.09%和43.62%,Cu和As主要进入冰铜中,其在冰铜中的分配率分别为44.10%和88.80%,Sn主要进入烟气中,其在烟气中的分配率为78.58%。As易与Fe形成Fe-As相嵌入冰铜相中。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.