交互式虚拟人脑内窥镜系统关键技术

目的为解决传统内窥镜方法的缺点。方法设计并开发了一套基于体绘制技术的交互式虚拟人脑内窥镜系统。结果给出了系统主要功能和流程,并且对系统实现中的3项关键技术:虚拟相机模型建立、漫游路径抽取和三维体数据的绘制方法作了详细介绍,改进的光线投射算法使得重建的三维模型图像清晰,绘制效率高。结论系统能够通过手动和自动两种方式进行器官内漫游并生成动画记录,为临床诊断和医学仿真提供了有效地支持。     

实时交互式三维模型纹理映射算法

针对三维动画制作中模型纹理绘制不够直观、效率低下等问题,提出一种实时交互式三维模型纹理映射算法,即通过交互式三维拾取准确找到三维模型与二维纹理图像对应点,直接在三维模型表面使用笔刷进行纹理图像的绘制。实验在Unity 3D引擎中进行,结果表明用户可以使用该算法进行纹理的交互式设计与合成,其笔刷定位精确,绘制过程帧率稳定,绘制得到的纹理图像质量较高。该方法对比传统制作流程中对三维模型展开UV,在二维图像处理软件中进行纹理绘制的方法更为直观、高效。     

基于PC图形卡W-Buffer的交互直接体绘制

提出一种基于PC图形卡W Buffer的交互光线投射算法,这是一种面绘制与体绘制结合的快速体绘制方法.首先用3D分割等方法提取边界体素或用MarchingCubes等算法提取等值面,然后利用图形硬件预先投影这些边界体素或等值面以产生深度信息,最后由光线投射模块根据W Buffer中的深度信息快速找到实际等值面的位置,进行采样、着色、不透明度与颜色合成等渲染工作.这一方法不仅显著地加快了成像速度,而且不降低图像质量.实验结果表明,用该算法在PC机上以200×200分辨率渲染时,能达到10帧/秒的速度,基本满足虚拟内窥镜系统的动态导航和高质量图像要求,具有较大实用价值.     

心脏超声虚拟内窥镜图像预处理技术

虚拟内窥镜是近年来兴起的一项崭新医学影像技术,将虚拟现实与科学计算可视化技术相结合,模拟传统的内窥检查过程而生成具有仿真效果的可视化图像.研发的三维心脏超声虚拟内窥镜系统(3DEIESS)可重建三维虚拟环境,使观察者"进入"被检查患者的心脏内部进行检查观察.采用基于同质掩模区域的滤波算法对超声图像斑点噪声进行抑制,应用brFCM算法对降噪后的超声图像进行初始分割,并使用多尺度分析与纹理对比度相结合的分割技术完成最终的图像分割.实验结果表明,在消除斑点噪声的同时,实现对超声图像边缘细节的有效保持,有助于提高三维心脏超声虚拟内窥镜显示效果.     

基于有序体数据的最大密度投影算法

研究快速获取血管造影的方法，提出了一种基于有序体数据的新的最大密度投影算法．该算法采用Shear—warp投影思想，通过调整对有序体数据遍历的阈值实现快速绘制，在不影响显示有效信息的情况下，对中等规模的体数据能达到每秒10帧以上的绘制速度，并在微机上实现了血管造影图像的实时绘制．     

脑血管虚拟内窥镜系统技术研究

探讨了CUDA下的虚拟内窥镜系统,成功的解决了传统虚拟内窥系统中存在的路径抽取耗时长,虚拟内窥效果失真,及交互不能实时显示虚拟图像等问题.     

纹理映射体绘制的Java 3D实现

目的设计实现一个虚拟心脏系统原型,重点讨论其中的基于纹理映射的体绘制方法,给出用Java 3D软件方法实现纹理映射体绘制。方法获取CT心脏断层数据,对其进行预处理,在此基础上进行图像的滤波、分割、配准及裁剪,最后实现基于纹理映射体绘制的三维重构。结果用Java Java 3D实现了虚拟心脏系统原型中基于纹理映射的体绘制。结论采用软件方法(Java3D)实现了纹理映射硬件的功能,由于不需要三维纹理映射硬件的支持,降低了硬件成本。     

基于变刚度与力反馈的虚拟3D画笔触觉行为

针对汽车工业中虚拟油泥模型外观设计问题,采用一种六自由度输入设备并基于实时力反馈交互技术,提出一种新型的变刚度画笔模型以及触觉装饰方法,实现在虚拟三维物体表面实时触觉绘制与外观装饰.基于变刚度弹性理论,深入研究虚拟3D画笔的触觉行为.首先,采用一种弯曲弹簧振子模型来构建3D画笔的力学模型,并分析虚拟画笔实时变形与承受的绘制力之间的内在关系;接着,基于一种加权平均距离的碰撞算法,研究虚拟画笔与虚拟3D物体之间的碰撞检测问题;采用一种球扩展操作以获得弯曲画笔的最小包围球,进而计算得到虚拟投影平面;根据在一个采样点处的画笔变形,得到虚拟投影平面上的二维笔触;通过将二维画笔笔触实时地映射到三维对象表面,便可以得到三维笔触;沿着三维绘制方向,通过控制绘制力矩并叠加不同大小、形状的3D笔触便可得到3D笔道.仿真对比实验结果表明,所采用的画笔模型及方法可以有效增强用户虚拟绘制时的真实性.     

大规模虚拟地形的图像径向权混合生成算法

结合图像处理技术和径向权混合方法,提出一种基于图像集的大规模虚拟地形自动生成算法.该算法首先由多幅图像色彩数据生成标准化地形拼接块模型,并通过滤波处理消除地形块内部的跳变现象;借助定义在地形块上的有限支撑径向权函数,对毗邻地形块的子块进行加权混合处理,实现了地形块的无缝拼接平滑过渡.该算法支持相关参数的交互式调整,使用户能够对地形的形状和平滑程度等进行有效控制.实验结果表明:该算法可以自动、快速、高效地生成满足不同形状和规模要求的虚拟地形模型.     

虚拟内窥镜中心路径抽取技术

目的在空腔器官中提取一条最佳的用于虚拟内窥镜漫游的中心路径。方法采用基于距离变换的方法进行路径抽取。结果给出了虚拟内窥镜中心路径的定义，总结了中心路径的基本特性。结论在虚拟人脑内窥镜系统中实现了中心路径的提取，用于器官内窥检查，效果良好。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to