闽南毛竹林的生物量和生产力

首次研究了福建毛竹群落的生物量和生产力。样地设于闽南的南靖和溪高才，结果表明，毛竹群落１９９０年现存量为８２８９ｇ／ｍ＾２，其中毛竹种群生物量为７７９４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占９４．０３％），林下灌木草本的生物量为４９５ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５．９７％），生物量在毛竹种群各组分中的分配为竹杆４５７２ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５８．６７％）＞竹根１３４４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１７．２５％）＞竹枝８３４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１０．７０％）＞竹鞭７     

毛竹群落能量动态的研究

研究了毛竹群落的能量动态,结果表明,1990年南靖和溪高才的毛竹群落地上部能量现存量为112309kJ/m~2,其中竹杆为88207kJ/m~2(占78.54％),枝为15566kJ/m~2(占 13.85％),叶为4595kJ/m~2(占4.09％),林下植物为3951kJ/m~2(占3.52％),毛竹标准样竹的样品中,杆、枝、叶的干重热值分别为19293J/g,18652J/g和18234J/g,群落能量在垂直分布的配置上为金字塔型的能量结构,5m以下能量现存量占地上部的52.23％,往上逐渐减少。     

福建东山县赤山滨海沙地厚荚相思林与湿地松林生物量和能量的研究

对滨海沙土的厚荚相思林与湿地松林生物量和能量进行了研究,结果表明:1)厚荚相思林现存生物量为 149.51t/hm2,其中干占总量的57.83%,根系占总量的12.82%,地上部分生物量是地下部分生物量的 6.81 倍;各组分干质量热值在19.98~23.48 kJ/g之间,整个林分平均干质量热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 079.16×106 kJ/hm2;2)湿地松林现存生物量为142.22 t/hm2,干占总量的35.35%,根占总量的32.88%,地上部分生物量是地下部分生物量的2.04倍;各组分干质量热值在20.53~21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均干质量热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28×106 kJ/hm2.3)厚荚相思和湿地松根系发达,可以克服沙地养分贫瘠,树干所占比例大,起着很好的防风效果,总体上有着较高的现存生物量;整个林分的平均热值高,反映厚荚相思和湿地松高的太阳能利用率,从这些特性可知它们对沿海沙地有很好的适应性,并起着很好的改善沿海沙地生态环境和提高生物多样性的作用.     

武汉天河机场狗尾草群落生物量的调查

采用收获法，测定了武汉天河机场狗尾群落（Stearia viridis community) 的现存量，样方1号，2号，和3号的地上现存量（干重）分别为329．1g/m^2,262.6g/m^2和227．3g/m^2，地下现存量（干重）分别为14．9g/m^2,30.8g/m^2和32．6g/m^2，各样方现存量和物种丰富度指数计算的结果表明：狗尾草群落的生长期较短，但生长迅速，夏季生长旺盛，株高可达100cm以上，不同地段，不同季节群落伴生种有较大变化，且群落土壤不同层的属性指标虽有不同，但均适宜狗尾草生长。     

东南滨海沙地主要造林树种的生物量与能量

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定了福建省东山县赤山林场木麻黄林、厚荚相思林和湿地松林的能量现存量,结果表明:木麻黄林现存生物量为156.82 t/hm2,各组分热值(总能量与总生物量的比值)处于19.84～21.70 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.26 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 177.95 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量38.09%,果的能量最小占总量0.77%;厚荚相思林现存生物量为149.51 t/hm2,各组分干重热值为19.98～23.48 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量3 079.16 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量57.67%,果的能量最小占总量3.06%;湿地松林现存生物量142.22 t/hm2,各组分干重热值处于20.53～21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28 GJ/hm2,其中干的能量最大占总量35.08%,枯枝的最小.3树种林分具有较高的现存生物量、能量现存量、各组分热值和整体平均热值,体现出较高的太阳能利用率.可见从热值与生物量的角度看,木麻黄、厚荚相思和湿地松是海岸沙地造林的良好树种.     

黑石顶南亚热带常绿林生态系统能量现存量

分析了南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统各分室能量现存量的特征．结果表明：南亚热带森林生态系统的能量现存量集中分布在活有机体内，尤其是地上部分占植物群落总量的７９．６１％，这一点与热带森林相类似．土壤亚系统中有机质是森林群落环境能量现存量的主要贮存库，占整个地面及地下死有机物的９４．７３％．地面凋落物仅占全部地下死有机物能量现存量的３３．９８％，地下死根的能量现存量占６６．０２％     

厦门东屿白骨壤群落生物量和能量

讨论了厦门岛西海域海沧镇东屿的白骨壤群落的生物量和热值、群落各组分的能量分布状况。结果表明：该群落为单种组成的群落，其生物量现存量为４３４６．０９ｇ／ｍ￣２，各组分分配比是：侧根最多，占３６．０２％；多年生枝次之，占２１．４６％；幼枝较少，为０．３３％；幼苗根最少，仅占０．１１％。群落各组分干重热值相差较大，其中叶最高１８．２７ｋＪ／ｇ；主根居次，为１７．８５ｋＪ／ｇ。幼枝较低，１６．１１ｋＪ／ｇ；幼苗根最低为１３．９０ｋＪ／ｇ．群落的能量现存量为７０５５３ｋＪ／ｍ￣２，其中地上部占４７．５４％，地下部占５２．４６％。     

不同潮区矮大叶藻地上高度和覆盖度以及生物量的动态变化

于2006年3月到2007年2月，研究广西珍珠港交东海草床高潮区、中潮区、低潮区矮大叶藻（Zosterajaponica）地上高度、覆盖度和生物量的动态变化。结果表明：矮大叶藻地上高度4月最大（10．2cm），9月最小（4．3cm），平均6．8cm；平均覆盖度46．1％，3月最大（65．0％），9月最小（36．1％）；地上部分、地下部分的平均生物量分别为27．8g·m^-2和30．9g·m^-2平均4月最大，8月最小；地上高度、覆盖度及生物量低潮区〉中潮区〉高潮区，中潮区与整个海草床最相近；生物量与地上高度、覆盖度呈极显著正相关关系（P〈0．01）。     

不同混播组合草坪质量模糊—回归综合评价

运用三因素饱和最优原理和模糊综合评价方法，根据草坪密度、高度、质地、地上生物量、地下生物量、综合评分等六项指标，对以草地早熟禾为建群种，混播紫羊茅、多年生黑麦草的不同组合绿地草坪质量进行了模糊综合评价和回归成分析，模糊综合评价结果表明，在供试的11个混播组合中，当草地早熟禾占67％。紫羊茅占17％，多年生黑麦草占16％，总播种量为15．0g/m^2时，这一组合的模糊隶属度值最大，即第11组合为最佳组合，在模糊综合评价的基础上，把握模糊隶属度值作为因变量，建立了二次咽归模型，通过对回归模型进行寻优计算，得到最优解为：X＝－0．3499，X2＝－0．394，X＝0．271，Y－0．7988，即：草地早熟禾占62％，紫羊茅占20％，多年生黑麦草占18％，总播种量为14．5g.m^2，此结果接近于第11组合，与模糊综合评价结果相似，通过模糊－回归综合评价结果表明，在本试验的生境和管理条件下，在以山地早熟禾为建群种，混播紫羊茅、多年生黑麦草的最佳组合比例是草地早熟禾为9．1－10g/m^2，紫羊茅为2．5－2．6g/m^2，多年生黑麦草为2．5－2．8g/m^2，总播种量为14．5－15．5g/m^2，以这一组合建模的草坪在成坪初期，坪用综合性状最好。     

广西红海榄红树群落的能量研究

本文主要研究广西山口英罗湾红海榄植物各组分的热值、落叶热值月变化、群落能量现存量及群落年能量固定量,结果表明:红海榄植物各组分热值之间有一定差异,波动范围为17.28～18.67kJ/g,落叶热值10月份高达18.19kJ/g,2月份低至17.30kJ/g,与鲜叶相比,落叶热值的波动较小,红海榄群落的能量现存量为5.20×10~5kJ/m~2;无过凋落物带走的能量年总量为1.12×10~4kJ/m~2;该群落的年能量固定量为2.73×10~4kJ/m~2,其中群落年净增长的能量(存留量)为1.61×10~4kJ/m~2占总固定量的58.9％,而能量固定量中其余部分占41.1％,以凋落物的形式向环境输送,这些能量是海湾河口生态系统中其它生物赖以生存和发展的重要能量基础。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.