优化配矿强化西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团焙烧研究

进行了西澳超细粒磁铁精矿分别配加国产磁铁精矿和巴西赤铁精矿制备氧化球团矿的实验研究.结果表明,以100%西澳超细磁铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团矿时,球团预热及焙烧性能较差,在预热温度为1050℃、预热时间20 min及焙烧温度1300℃、焙烧时间40 min的条件下,预热球团和焙烧球团矿抗压强度分别为每个502和2313 N.西澳超细粒磁铁精矿配加40%国产磁铁精矿或20%巴西赤铁精矿时,球团适宜预热温度由1050℃分别降低到950和975℃,适宜的焙烧温度由1300℃分别降低到1250和1280℃;而且焙烧球团矿的抗压强度分别提高到每个2746 N和每个2630 N.焙烧球团矿的微观结构研究表明:配加国产磁铁精矿后,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒发育优良,晶粒间互联程度提高,晶粒粗大,孔隙率低,固结更加紧密.配加20%巴西赤铁精矿时,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒基本连接成片,Fe2 O3晶体发育良好.优化配矿是改善西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团矿预热及焙烧性能的有效途径.     

钒钛磁铁矿球团氧化焙烧行为和固结特性

研究原料粒度、预热条件和焙烧条件对钒钛磁铁精矿球团预热、焙烧特性的影响。研究结果表明:钒钛磁铁精矿球团难氧化,其预热所需时间长且焙烧温度高;预热时间比普通磁铁精矿球团长10 min、焙烧温度高30℃。在920℃下需预热20 min并在1 250℃下焙烧,预热球和焙烧球强度分别达到400 N/个和2 500 N/个以上。钒钛磁铁精矿中的磁铁矿与钛、镁固熔,导致其氧化速率慢、预热球氧化程度低,不利于球团固结过程的Fe_2O_3结晶长大,使得焙烧球中Fe_2O_3主要以粒状为主、固结强度差。     

分流制粒强化巴西某镜铁矿的烧结性能

对分流制粒强化镜铁矿烧结工艺及成品烧结矿冶化性能和矿相进行研究。研究结果表明:在焦粉用量4.2%(质量分数),混合料水分8.5%,分流制粒时间6 min,混合制粒时间3 min,精矿分流碱度1.64的条件下,烧结矿产量为1.71 t/(m2·h),转鼓强度为63.80%,固体燃耗为65.24 kg/t。与常规烧结相比,产量提高18.8%,转鼓强度提高10.7%,而燃耗降低14.7%,显著地改善了烧结矿产质量。分流制粒工艺所得成品烧结矿还原度和还原粉化率分别为82.39%和70.15%,均能满足高炉冶炼需求。与常规烧结相比,镜铁矿分流制粒工艺烧结矿中形成更多的复合铁酸钙,其发育良好,并与磁铁矿、赤铁矿结晶互连;中孔厚壁结构增多,从而提高了烧结矿的强度。     

MgO对高碱度烧结矿强度的影响及机理

研究MgO质量分数的提高对高碱度烧结矿转鼓强度的影响规律并揭示其作用机理。结果表明:当碱度为2.0的烧结矿MgO质量分数从1.15%提高到3.5%时,转鼓强度从71.33%降低到61.13%;随着MgO质量分数的增大,液相生成温度提高,液相量减少,MgO质量分数太高将造成烧结矿液相量不足;Mg2+主要固溶在磁铁矿中,Mg2+进入磁铁矿晶格,提高磁铁矿的稳定性,不利于磁铁矿氧化,使得烧结矿中磁铁矿质量分数增大,且针状铁酸钙黏结相质量分数减少;烧结液相量较少以及具有良好强度的针状铁酸钙质量分数降低是MgO降低烧结矿强度的主要原因;白云石的成矿能力比石灰石的弱,随着白云石用量增大,熔剂与铁矿石之间的反应能力下降,因此,烧结矿转鼓强度降低。     

钒钛磁铁精矿直接还原反应行为及其强化还原研究

通过在钒钛磁铁精矿中添加还原煤粉和少量添加剂,研究了还原温度、还原时间和添加剂等因素对钒钛磁铁精矿金属化率的影响,并对添加剂强化还原机理进行了探讨.结果表明:还原温度、还原时间、碳铁摩尔比及添加剂对金属化率的影响较大.在还原温度1200℃、还原时间120 min的条件下,未添加添加剂时金属化率最高可达84.5%;添加质量分数3.0%Na2CO3或CaF2的条件下,钒钛磁铁精矿的金属化率可以分别达到96.5%和93.3%.     

铬铁精矿球团烧结工艺与机理

对铬铁精矿球团烧结新工艺以及球团烧结矿冶金性能和固结机理进行研究。研究结果表明:铬铁精矿粒度粗,成球差,必须经过球磨机细磨,使其比表面积达到1 700 cm2/g,才具有良好的成球性;在膨润土配比为1.5%(质量分数)、造球水分为9.0%(质量分数)、造球时间为12 min的条件下,生球落下强度5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度11 N/个,爆裂温度480℃。优化的球团烧结工艺参数为:焦粉用量7%(质量分数)(内配比例30%),烧结混合料水分为9.5%,料层高度为650 mm,干燥温度为300～350℃,干燥负压为4 kPa,干燥时间为3 min,点火温度为1 100℃,点火负压为5 kPa,点火时间为1.5 min,烧结负压为8 kPa,取得了良好的指标:烧结矿产量为3.01 t/(m2.h),转鼓强度为89.33%,固体燃耗为79.19 kg/t。铬铁精矿球团烧结矿在900℃时很难还原,但还原膨胀率只有5%～6%,还原粉化率RDI+3.15大于94%,还原过程将具有较好的强度;在烧结料层的中上部,烧结矿的宏观结构以单个散状球团为主;在烧结料层下部以葡萄状烧结矿为主。铬铁精矿球团烧结矿矿物组成以铁铬尖晶石和硅酸盐矿物为主,单颗粒的球状烧结矿以固相固结为主,葡萄状烧结矿中液相量占30%左右,由固相固结和液相黏结共同维持烧结矿强度。     

MgO对以细磁铁精矿为主的低硅烧结的影响

研究了MgO对以细磁铁精矿为主的低硅烧结的影响. 烧结试验结果表明: 当烧结矿中MgO含量从1.4%增加到2.3%时, 烧结速度从22.61 mm/min减慢到19.48 mm/min, 利用系数从2.031 t/(m2·h)降低到1.629 t/(m2·h). 显微结构分析结果表明: 当烧结矿中MgO含量为1.4%时, 细粒磁铁矿氧化形成的隐晶质-微晶质和圆粒状赤铁矿较多, 熔蚀状的铁酸钙多, 而条状、针状的铁酸钙较少, 铁酸钙和铁酸镁结晶粒度细小;当MgO含量为2.3%时, 形成较多的条状铁酸钙和较少的熔蚀状铁酸钙, 烧结矿中的铁酸镁、镁铁橄榄石等矿物增加, 且块状晶粒粗大. 在烧结过程中MgO矿化速度较慢, 需要较高烧结温度和较长高温保持时间.     

磁铁精矿球团氧化动力学

推导出了磁铁矿氧化"单界面未反应核"修正模型,并应用该模型研究了凹山磁铁精矿球团的氧化动力学.研究结果表明:在800～950℃时,凹山磁铁精矿球团氧化反应表观活化能为64 kJ/mol,其氧化由化学反应所控制;在1000～1 050℃时,氧化反应的表观活化能为13 kJ/mol,反应为反应产物层的内扩散所控制;在950～1000℃时,氧化反应为混合控制;在较低氧化温度下,加入MgO可以降低化学反应阻力,提高球团的氧化率;在较高氧化温度下,MgO对扩散阻力无明显影响,添加MgO并不提高氧化反应速度,但在任何氧化温度下,添加MgO不改变磁铁矿氧化反应的控制环节.     

含钛铁精矿高铁低硅烧结技术

在攀枝花新钢钒股份有限公司炼铁厂现有的资源条件下,通过优化配矿实现含钛铁精矿高铁低硅烧结,烧结矿全铁的质量分数从49.20%提高到51.46%,SiO2的质量分数从5.30%降低到4.05%。采取钛精矿预先制粒和返矿预润湿等强化措施,烧结矿转鼓强度可提高2.24%,利用系数提高0.06 t/(m2.h),成品率提高4.84%。矿相分析结果表明:钛精矿预先制粒可提高烧结矿中铁酸钙和硅酸钙的含量,降低钙钛矿的生成,圆粒状赤铁矿聚晶复合体和团块状集合体显著增加;而返矿预润湿则增加了扩散固结的比例,磁铁矿含量增加,铁酸钙含量减少。     

钒钛磁铁精矿冷固球团催化还原机理

对添加剂催化钒钛磁铁精矿冷固球团直接还原行为进行了详细的研究 ,包括添加剂种类和用量及催化剂催化还原机理 .研究结果表明 :在 1 0 50～ 1 1 0 0℃ ,m(C)∶m(Fe)为 0 .5～ 0 .6 ,还原时间 3h的条件下 ,添加DA 2催化剂与常规的Na2 SO4或Na2 CO3相比 ,钒钛磁铁精矿冷固球团煤基直接还原所得产品的金属化率提高 3 .1 %～ 4 .6 % ;该金属化球团经磨矿磁选进行铁和钒钛分离时 ,所得磁性产品 (直接还原铁粉 )中铁的品位提高 5 .30 %～ 5 .43 % ,非磁性物中TiO2 ,V2 O5 的品位分别提高 2 .76 %～ 3 .87%和 0 .2 7%～ 0 .45 % ,TiO2 ,V2 O5 的回收率分别提高 1 4 .68%～1 3 .0 8%和 4.1 3 %～ 6 .97% .SEM及XPS等微观测试结果表明 :添加剂DA 2的作用机理为加速铁氧化物还原 ,促进铁晶粒的长大 ,降低还原球团中MFe与TiO2 晶粒嵌布的紧密程度 ,从而强化了铁与钒钛的磁选分离     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.