羊毛和棉针织物湿舒适性能对比分析

试验测试和对比分析了羊毛、棉针织物在不同吸湿条件下的透气性、透湿性、表面水分布量、抗弯刚度、压缩回弹性和折皱回复性能,采用模糊数学法综合评价羊毛针织物的性能.试验结果表明:羊毛针织物在不同吸湿条件下的透气性明显优于棉针织物,透湿性较优于棉针织物,表面水分分布量比棉针织物少,且具有较好的抗弯刚度、压缩回弹性和折皱回复性能.     

聚氨酯涂层剂湿热活性分析及防水透湿性能的研究

通过扫描电镜（SEM）、差热分析（DSC）、透湿杯法测量等手段，对合成的PU涂层膜及涂层布进行了一系列观测，推断该涂层是属于无微孔亲水性透湿。透湿量大小取决于亲水基的含量。观察到织物透湿量随环境温度的升高而增加，这种变化对应于聚合物中PEG，PTMG组分的相变区，有一定的热效应。这种性能可赋予织物“防水透湿调温”功能，明显增加织物服用舒适性。     

玉米和丽赛纤维织物热湿舒适性能的对比分析

导热性、吸湿性、透湿性和透气性测试指标是衡量织物热湿舒适性的重要因素.通过对玉米和丽赛纤维织物的热湿舒适性能的测试和热湿性能影响因素的分析,得出玉米和丽赛纤维都具有一定的导热性、透气性和吸湿、透湿性能.丽赛纤维散热及吸湿快干性能优于玉米纤维;玉米纤维保温性能好于丽赛纤维.     

水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层行为的研究

本文研究了水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层剂的聚集状态与性能的关系,特别是对影响织物涂层的主要因素作了探讨。本文在下列几个方面作了研究:(1) PU(聚氨酯,Polyurethane)阴离子体与HPAM(水解聚丙烯酰胺,Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)共混二相结构对玻璃化温度T_g及透湿量的影响;(2) PU大分子(AB)_n型结构对力学性能及涂层性能的影响;(3) 交链剂的交链行为;(4) 离子化度对贮存稳定性的影响。此外,在研究PU阴离子体涂层性能的控制因素方面提出了新的见解,即调节PU阴离子体中硬段含量可获得透湿性强且弹性好的涂层织物。     

空芯纱毛巾织物舒适性能的测试分析

测试比较了空芯纱毛巾织物与一般长绒棉毛巾织物在耐磨性、刚柔性、顶破强力、透气、透湿性、芯吸性能等方面的差异,结果表明空芯纱毛巾具有膨松柔软、透气吸湿排汗的特点,可作为传统纯棉毛巾的替代升级产品,其相关产品的开发具有广阔的市场前景。     

透湿过程中织物的润湿和散湿作用

采用蒸发和吸湿法测量多种织物的透湿速率，并且仔细研究用蒸发法时，织物润湿程度在透湿过程中的变化，发现织物在透湿过程中的润湿和放湿，以及织物的表面性状是影响其放湿速率的非常重要的因素。     

醋酸纤维素水分散体游离膜性质的分析

以醋酸纤维素(CA)为主要原料,采用相转变法制备醋酸纤维素水分散体(CAD).利用铸膜法制备水分散体游离膜,考察了增塑剂添加量、膜厚度对固化速率、游离膜表面特性、玻璃化转变温度Tg、力学性能、透湿性及洗脱率的影响.结果表明:由CA到醋酸纤维素水分散体游离膜的制备为物理过程,膜的厚度增加,透湿性减小.增塑剂添加量增大,固化速率和Tg均减小,透湿性、洗脱率和断裂伸长率均增大,弹性模量和拉伸强度先增大后减小,游离膜的表面越平整.     

纳米TiO2/Ag复合水性温敏聚氨酯整理剂的应用研究

采用原位负载法制得纳米TiO2/Ag复合水性温敏聚氨酯(TiO2/Ag-WTSPU)乳液,将其用于织物整理,测试了整理织物的表面形貌、力学性能、抗紫外线及抗菌等性能,结果表明:整理后织物的力学性能、抗紫外线性以及抗菌性均增强,且随着纳米TiO2、Ag含量增加,各项性能更优异,当纳米TiO2、Ag含量均为0.4％时,织物的断裂强力和拉伸长度分别为393.2 N、42.2 mm;织物的紫外防护系数为53.7,长波紫外线透过率为4.96％;对大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果良好;且织物在20～30℃透湿量增加较明显,显示较好温敏特性,织物在40℃时的透湿量达2480 g/(m2·d).     

织物稳态和动态传湿性能测定

织物的透湿性能与织物的空隙率大小和织物的吸湿散湿性能有关,在织物达吸湿平衡前,织物的传湿速率是变化的。本文自制了织物湿阻仪。用本仪器对织物动态传湿性能进行了测定,同时也对织物稳态传湿阻力进行了测定。测试过程可以在各种温度梯度和各种湿度梯度条件下进行,若同时调整织物距测试表面间的距离,就可以改变被测试样所在处的水汽浓度大小,因此本仪器具有较大的适用性。对织物稳态传湿性能的测定一般仅需半小时左右。     

疏水、亲水共混高聚物透湿机理的研究

作者认为将具有扩散系数大、力学性能好的疏水性高聚物和透湿系数高的亲水性高聚物加以共混,以适量交链剂而制得共混高聚物,可得到既防水又透湿的新型材料。本文实验论证了这一材料的透湿机理,是水分子或缔合水分子,藉高分子链的热运动形成链段空穴或藉氢键将水分子输送到薄膜表面,而达到防水透湿的目的。本文还提出了红外分光密度比D值为交链比,可作为大分子间交链程度的表征。并证明三分之二的活性基团—NCO参与了交链反应。     

聚乙烯醇／聚氨酯共混薄膜制备及性能研究

采用流延成膜的方法制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）／聚氨酯（PU）共混薄膜．当PU摩尔分数小于10％时，可得均一连续的共混膜．通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、示差扫描量热仪（DSC）、拉伸测试及表面接触角测试等手段对PVA／PU共混膜的形貌及性能进行了研究．实验结果表明，PU可以与PVA形成分子间氢键，破坏了PVA分子内及分子间氢键，进而改善PVA薄膜的性能．     

戊二醛交联对壳聚糖/PVA共混膜结构和性能的影响

用流延法成功制备聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖共混膜,然后进行戊二醛交联处理.用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对经过湿热处理和交联的共混膜进行了表征,测试了膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,经戊二醛交联的膜结晶被部分破坏.共混膜的吸水性实验表明,壳聚糖/PVA共混膜的pH敏感性可通过控制交联剂浓度改变.该法可以在壳聚糖/PVA共混膜控释体系的后处理方面得到应用.     

在经纱上浆中如何实现浆液组分的等效替换

本文通过对各种变性淀粉、PAM、PVA及其混合浆对棉和涤棉的粘附性能及浆膜的机械性能测试分析，证实浆液组分变换的有效性可以通过检验对纤维的粘附力和浆膜的机械性能来判断，指出在浆纱工艺配方中能否少用或不用PVA的关键在于替代材料与淀粉混合后粘附力、浆膜的弹性和断裂功能否保持一致。     

PHASE SEPARATION AND MICROVOID FORMATION AT PHASE INTERFACES OF HYDROPHOBIC-HYDROPHILIC POLYMER BLENDS DURING WET PROCESSING

In this paper,morphological structure,thermodynamic compatibility and relationship be-tween porosities and blend ratios of the wet coagulated PU/PVA sheets were studied by meansof observation of scanning electronic micrographies,tests of dynamic mechanical properties,moisture regain and vapor permeability.Furthermore,the formation of microvoids at interfacesof separated phases was discussed and a microvoid formation mechanism at phase interfaces ofhydrophobic-hydrophilic blends was suggested and compared with that ofhydrophobic-hydrophobic blends.     

磷酸酯淀粉／PVA共混浆膜的织态结构与性能

研究了淀粉磷酸酯化变性和聚乙烯醇(PVA)结构对磷酸酯淀粉(SPH)/PVA共混浆膜织态结构与力学性能的内在联系,探讨了SPH与PVA间的共混比对浆膜结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,磷酸酯化变性深度、PVA分子结构及共混比对共混浆膜的织态结构及力学性能有显著影响.随着淀粉磷酸酯化变性深度的增大,共混浆膜的断裂伸长率增大,断裂强度先增大后减小;当取代度为0.016时,断裂强度达到最大值.随着SPH质量分数的增加,共混浆膜的断裂伸长率减小,断裂强度先减小后增大;当SPH/PVA的共混比为50/50时,断裂强度达到最小值.提高PVA相对分子质量,增大醇解度,都有利于改善共混浆膜的力学强度,提高耐屈曲性能.     

离子液体中丝素/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及表征

采用离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（BMIMCl）溶解丝素（SF）,获得BMIMCl/SF溶液,再与聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液共混,制备得到PVA/SF共混膜。共混膜经红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、对水接触角、拉力试验等表征。结果表明,溶液共混使共混膜中SF与PVA发生了化学键键合,乙醇处理使共混膜中SF主要以β-折叠结构存在。随着SF含量的增加,共混膜的透光率逐渐变小,亲水性则逐渐增大。     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol) film reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/nano-titanium dioxide (ST/PVA/nano-TiO₂) nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution casting method. Their biodegradability, mechanical properties, and thermal properties were also studied in this paper. A general full factorial experimental approach was used to determine effective parameters on the mechanical properties of the prepared films. ST/PVA/TiO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical analysis show that ST/PVA films with higher contents of PVA have much better mechanical properties. In thermal analysis, it is found that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the films. SEM micrographs, taken from the fracture surface of samples, illustrate that the addition of PVA makes the film softer and more flexible. The results of soil burial biodegradation indicate that the biodegradability of ST/PVA/TiO₂ films strongly depends on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate is increased by the addition of starch in the films.     

高性能TDE-85/E-51环氧树脂的聚氨酯增韧改性

以混合芳胺为固化剂,通过聚氨酯（Pu）对4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯（TDE-85）与二酚基丙烷缩水甘油醚（E-51）环氧树脂的混合树脂体系的改性,制备了高性能聚氨酯改性环氧树脂（PU／EP）。通过红外光谱图、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重（TG）分析及力学性能的表征讨论PU／EP体系的结构与性能特征。研究结果表明：PU和EP分子链之间存在着化学接枝反应,能有效地改善PU／EP体系中PU和EP分子间的相容性及相互贯穿;与TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂比,PU改性TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂仍然具有很强的耐热性能,并且冲击强度、拉伸强度均获得显著提高;PU／EP体系断口裂纹呈明显的韧性断裂特征,说明TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂PU改性增韧效果明显。