凹陷涡发生器形状对湍流流动与传热性能的影响

利用数值计算方法研究了分别具有球形、椭球形、倾斜椭球形以及泪滴形凹陷涡发生器阵列表面的湍流传热与流阻性能.采用湍流模型Relizable k-ε、SST(Shear Stress Transportation)和Standard k-ω模拟凹陷涡发生器表面的湍流传热与流阻性能,并与其实验结果进行对比,确定了Standard k-ω是研究凹陷传热和流动的最精确湍流模型.同时,通过数值计算分析了4种凹陷结构在雷诺数为8 500~60 000下的传热、流阻和流动特性,利用Matlab软件对数值计算结果进行后处理.结果表明:与充分发展的光滑通道内湍流流动相比,球形凹陷通道的传热性能提高了约40%,摩擦因子增加了约70%;椭球形凹陷通道的传热性能提高了约30%,摩擦因子增加了60%左右;倾斜椭球形凹陷通道的传热性能提高了约40%,摩擦因子增加了60%左右;泪滴形凹陷通道的传热性能提高了约70%,摩擦因子增加了约1倍,即泪滴形凹陷通道的传热性能和综合热性能最佳.     

椭球型高速列车头车设计与阻力特性数值模拟

针对椭球形高速列车头车的结构特点,介绍了一种应用非均匀有理B样条理论的头车数字化设计方法.根据二维数据创建了列车椭球形头部曲面的主控制线和辅助控制线,应用曲线曲率梳检测工具,通过调整控制点的位置,完成了控制曲线的调形与优化.大量彼此相切的非均匀有理B样条曲面片组成了列车头部外形曲面,将椭球形头部与后端的观光车进行了虚拟装配.通过定义几何模型、数学模型、边界条件以及网格划分等步骤,采用计算流体动力学方法计算了在不同速度时的钝体形列车与椭球形列车的空气阻力,结果表明椭球形列车具有良好的减阻作用.     

调压阀内流道流场分析及阀芯结构改进

采用ANSYS软件建立椭球形、锥形和球形阀芯调压阀内流道流体动力学有限元计算模型,在不同开口度下分别对其进行流场数值模拟,得到调压阀内流道流体油压与阀芯开口度间的关系,分析3种调压阀内流道流场特性;基于CFD分析数据,以椭球形阀芯调压阀内流道流体湍流动能耗散最小为优化目标,阀芯尺寸参数为设计变量,最大工作油压和最小滑油压力为约束函数,建立调压阀内流道流场优化模型,采用响应面法对调压阀阀芯结构进行改进设计.分析结果表明,调压阀内流道湍流动能耗散受椭球形阀芯长轴影响较大,且随阀芯长轴增加而减小;湍流动能耗散较改进前降低了69.43%,优化效果明显.     

极性液体电介质旋转椭球极化模型

在油与水的混合电解质中,水比油的极性强,为极性液体电解质．当油中含有少量水时,水以悬浮胶粒状、粒径为1×10-4cm的小水球形式存在于油中．当外电场作用时,油中小水球被极化,它的形状发生改变,在电场方向被拉长而成为椭球,束缚电荷分布在椭球表面．作者对极性液体电介质进行了研究,根据水球被拉长的实际情况和椭球的性质,建立了旋转椭球极化模型,在该模型基础上,把束缚点电荷的电场折合到椭球中心的电场,推导出椭球中心有效极化电场的场强公式,给出了旋转椭球表面束缚电荷在椭球中心的极化电场强度E1″．研究结果表明极化电场强度与旋转椭球的长、短半轴之比的平方有关,呈非线性,比圆球模型的电场强度P/(3ε0)复杂;由旋转椭球极化模型得到的结果用于研究混合电介质的“气桥”或“水桥”击穿现象,更能反映其物理本质．     

基于流体运动仿真的不同林冠形状抗风强度分析

【目的】研究强风力扰动下不同林冠形状的森林内部风场分布情况,为防风林营造与种植过程中树种的选择提供理论依据。【方法】 首先建立3种不同冠形林分模型(其中冠部为多孔介质模型),并根据冠形对应树种的消光系数确定多孔介质的孔隙率与叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)的关系; 然后以k-ε湍流模型为基础,在动量方程中添加源项,建立三维树冠流计算模型,计算3种冠形在强风力下林分内部各处风速、风压与湍流动能强度。【结果】 圆锥形林冠林内风速最小值(0.047 m/s)与圆台形林冠林内风速最小值(0.076 m/s)相差0.029 m/s。椭球形林冠林内风速最小值为0.940 m/s,且波动大于其他冠形。圆锥形林冠林内压差与湍流动能强度均最小,分别为30.22 Pa和0.17%。椭球形林冠林内压差最大,压差均值为62.14 Pa。圆台形林冠林内湍流强度最大,最大值为25.19%。【结论】 结合湍流动能强度对树木抗风安全性的影响,以及风速的降低和压差减少作用,在构建防风林体系时,应选择与圆锥形林冠特点相似树冠的树种,使得防风林的抗风效果更强。     

差分格式及限制器对双椭球数值模拟的影响

为探究差分格式和限制器对高超声速热流密度计算结果的影响,以N-S方程为基本控制方程,采用FDS的Roe格式、FVS的van Leer格式对双椭球模型进行了数值模拟,并采用Roe格式选取min mod、van Leer、Osher_C三种限制器对双椭球进行了进一步数值模拟.研究了不同空间差分格式、不同限制器对双椭球压力、气动热数值模拟结果的影响,并对双椭球模型的流场进行了相关分析.研究结果表明:差分格式和限制器对压力系数影响不大,而对热流密度影响较大,采用minmod限制器的Roe格式计算精度最高.     

正常重力和椭球地表对弹道计算的影响

为了更精确地考虑地球对超远程弹道计算的影响,提出了一个计入精确正常重力的椭球地表弹道模型。讨论了在椭球地表情况下火箭落点以及飞行高度的计算方法,推导出精确正常重力的计算公式,得到了椭球地表弹道模型,最后计算和分析了采用平面地表模型所产生的射程误差。分析结果表明:对于射程较大的远程弹道,与使用平面地表弹道模型相比,采用该文的椭球地表弹道模型的误差较小。     

内置椭球形缺陷混凝土静态劈拉试验

混凝土广泛应用于核工程等基础建设领域,在其浇筑和凝固过程中,会在其内部产生类似币形或圆形等初始缺陷,实际上可通过改变椭球形的长、短轴来表征这些初始缺陷.为研究初始缺陷对混凝土拉伸力学性能及裂纹扩展的影响,本研究在混凝土试件中心处预置一个椭球形缺陷,采用劈拉试验获得拉伸强度,结合高速摄像机和引伸计采集裂纹的扩展过程.完整混凝土试件的拉伸强度为3.24 MPa,三类内置椭球形缺陷混凝土试件的拉伸强度分别为2.99 MPa、2.92 MPa和2.79 MPa.结果 表明,混凝土的拉伸强度随着椭球形缺陷的增大而降低,内置的椭球形缺陷对本研究的裂纹两阶段扩展模式的影响不大.     

高温气冷堆椭球形包覆燃料颗粒应力及破损率

包覆燃料颗粒是高温气冷堆燃料元件的关键组元,在制备过程中,由于各种因素会产生非理想球型的包覆燃料颗粒。针对清华大学10 MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)包覆燃料颗粒的结构,对典型的非理想球形包覆燃料颗粒建立了椭球模型,用薄壳理论计算了应力分布,用PANAMA程序计算了不同椭球长径比下的颗粒破损率。结果表明:椭球形颗粒的最大应力和破损率随椭球长径比增大而增大,与理想球形相比破损率提高了不到一个量级,仍小于10-8,因此,这对燃料元件来说是安全可靠的。     

纤锌矿氮化物半导体椭球形量子点杂质态

考虑纤锌矿结构氮化物半导体材料的单轴异性后,在有效质量近似下,利用变分法研究了无限高势垒近似下GaN,AlN和InN椭球形量子点中的杂质态,导出了杂质态结合能随量子点半径和椭球率变化的关系.数值计算结果发现,杂质态结合能随着量子点半径和椭球率的增加而减小.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to