甲醇生物柴油的合成和性能研究

以价格低廉的双氧水为氧化剂，在60℃及常压条件下，对生物柴油进行了化学改性。结果表明，改性后的生物柴油和甲醇可以任意比例互溶。所制甲醇生物柴油（甲醇≤40％）可以使未做任何改动的柴油机很好地启动和运行，而且尾气排放可以完全达到欧洲3号标准的要求。较好地解决了生物柴油由于其价格较高而迟迟不能在市场上进行大面积推广的难题，为车用燃料的多元化又开辟了一条新的道路。     

以甲醇镁为非均相催化剂制备生物柴油

开发了以甲醇镁为非均相催化剂制备生物柴油的工艺流程,研究了相应的催化剂后处理工艺。采用该法制备生物柴油可同时副产甘油和氧化镁．粗生物柴油的精制过程比较简单,最终产品的主要性能可满足EN14214指标;副产品甘油回收容易,平均收率88．9％,品质达到工业级和化妆品级甘油指标;催化剂经处理转化为经济价值较高的氧化镁,镁平均回收率99．3％,实现了全部原料的综合利用,避免了废渣污染。     

甲醇/生物柴油燃烧颗粒的结构特征研究

为探讨甲醇对生物柴油颗粒形成的作用机理,采用扫描电镜(SEM)与X射线小角散射(SAXS)相结合的方法,针对颗粒的微观形貌以及孔隙结构,分析了甲醇对生物柴油燃烧颗粒的散射强度、回转半径、平均半径等参数的影响;通过引入分形理论,探明不同甲醇掺混比的生物柴油燃烧颗粒的形态特征。结果表明:SAXS的粒径测量结果与电镜图像上的测试结果具有良好的一致性;生物柴油燃烧颗粒表面附着较多的未燃可溶有机物,促进了颗粒间的凝并与生长,形成的颗粒粒径较大;随着生物柴油中甲醇掺混比的提高,燃烧颗粒的散射强度逐渐增强,回转、平均半径逐渐减小,通过回转半径求得的B100、BM10、BM20燃烧颗粒的平均半径分别为17、16.4、15.9nm;随甲醇掺混比的增加,颗粒的质量分形维数逐渐增大,表面分形维数逐渐减小,生物柴油中掺混甲醇后,燃烧产生的颗粒结构变得更加紧凑,质量分布更加均匀。该研究可为在控制NOx排放的基础上降低柴油机颗粒排放提供参考依据。     

超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油过程的热力学行为

超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的过程以其显著的优点备受研究者关注,而其操作条件的改善更是研究重点．为了控制超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油过程的操作条件,需要预测超临界甲醇一油脂二元系统的临界参数．文中采用C-G基团贡献法和L—B混合规则对豆油-甲醇二元系的临界参数进行理论计算,与实验结果比较,平均误差为1．7％．此外,利用溶解度参数概念计算了不同体系条件下甲醇和油脂组分的溶解度参数,并将二者的溶解度参数差和体系的相态联系起来,从而讨论了有利于超临界酯交换反应进行的热力学条件．     

KOH/Al_2O_3固体碱催化酯交换合成生物柴油的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了KOH/Al_2O_3负载型固体碱催化剂,并将其用于菜籽油与甲醇酯交换法合成生物柴油的研究;分别考察了催化剂附载量、煅烧温度、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对生物柴油产率的影响;结果表明:用等体积浸渍法,在400℃煅烧5 h,制得负载量为20%(w)的KOH/Al_2O_3催化剂.当催化剂用量为5%(w),醇油摩尔比为12:1,在60℃下反应2 h后,生物柴油产率高达92.3%(w).运用X-射线衍射、比表面积测定等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征,结果表明催化剂的活性与其晶相和比表面积密切相关.     

甲醇/正辛醇/加氢催化生物柴油单液滴蒸发与微爆特性研究

为了研究理化特性强烈互补的甲醇/加氢催化生物柴油(HCB)混合燃料的单液滴蒸发微爆特性,本文针对纯加氢催化生物柴油M0以及两种不同甲醇体积比的三元混合燃油M15(15%甲醇、17%辛醇和68%HCB)和M25(25%甲醇、17%辛醇和58%HCB)在不同环境温度下进行了详细的试验研究。首先,通过微观几何形态和热重试验对混合燃油的理化属性进行了分析。然后,在一个恒温加热炉中采用挂滴法结合高速显微成像技术,获得了液滴在蒸发过程中的形态、平方直径和气泡比等蒸发特性。研究得出:随着甲醇含量增加,混合燃油中分散相液滴粒径增大、数目增多,蒸发速率加快;随着甲醇比例的增加,混合燃油液滴内部出现更加剧烈的醇相气泡膨胀并发生微爆现象,且微爆后喷射出的子液滴粒径大大提高,显著缩短了母液滴的寿命;随着环境温度的增加,微爆频率增加,更显著地加快了液滴的蒸发速率。本文结果将对甲醇/HCB混合燃料喷雾燃烧特性以及该混合燃料的发动机适用性研究提供理论参考。     

KOH/Al2O3固体碱催化酯交换合成生物柴油的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了KOH/Al_2O_3负载型固体碱催化剂,并将其用于菜籽油与甲醇酯交换法合成生物柴油的研究;分别考察了催化剂附载量、煅烧温度、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对生物柴油产率的影响;结果表明:用等体积浸渍法,在400℃煅烧5 h,制得负载量为20%(w)的KOH/Al_2O_3催化剂.当催化剂用量为5%(w),醇油摩尔比为12:1,在60℃下反应2 h后,生物柴油产率高达92.3%(w).运用X-射线衍射、比表面积测定等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征,结果表明催化剂的活性与其晶相和比表面积密切相关.     

柴油机燃烧甲醇—柴油混合燃料的试验研究

在２１３５Ｇ柴油机上，采用多孔喷油器的传统燃烧方式，分别对不同配比的甲醇柴油机械混合燃料进行了性能试验，取得了良好的经济性、动力性和排烟特性。分析了掺烧甲醇后柴油机的燃烧规律及影响燃烧过程和发动机性能的主要因素。     

柴油机生物柴油-甲醇混合燃料燃烧与排放特性

分别在100mL生物柴油（M0燃料）中添加10mL甲醇、20mL甲醇与12mL油酸,经过相关处理后形成新的微乳化燃料M10燃料与M20燃料。以台架试验与排放分析法为基础,当发动机转速点为1 500r/min、平均有效压力分别为0.088 9、0.177 0、0.266 0、0.354 0、0.443 0、0.531 0MPa时,分别对3种燃料的燃烧特性与排放特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：与M0燃料相比,M10燃料与M20燃料的滞燃期延长,燃烧持续期缩短,3种燃料的最大滞燃期分别为6°、7°、8°;M10燃料与M20燃料的峰值压力、峰值压力升高率以及峰值燃烧放热率均增大,3种燃料的最大峰值压力升高率分别为1.236、1.377、1.280MPa/（°）,3种燃料的最大峰值燃烧放热率分别为0.280、0.281、0.297kJ/（°）;M10燃料与M20燃料的HC、CO与碳烟排放均降低;NOx排放没有明显变化。     

柴油-甲醇组合燃烧电控系统的控制策略

介绍了柴油-甲醇组合燃烧发动机的控制策略,阐述了电控单元如何采用MAP插值运算方法对甲醇喷射量进行精确控制．通过台架试验和整车道路试验对控制策略进行了验证．道路试验结果表明,组合燃烧甲醇对柴油替换比仅为1．67,替代率达到了36％,整车燃油经济性得到了大幅度的提高．同时,整车的动力性也有一定提高．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to