电解液对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜相组成和元素成分的影响

在Na₂SiO₃, (NaPO₃)₆和NaAlO₂溶液体系中制备了铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜, 研究了电解液种类和浓度对陶瓷膜相组成和元素成分的影响. 结果表明, 陶瓷膜中α-Al₂O₃较γ-Al₂O₃的相对含量受电解液的种类和浓度的影响大. 不同溶液制备的陶瓷膜元素成分不同, 同种溶液制备的陶瓷膜中同种元素在表层和致密层中的含量也有所不同.     

阴／阳极电流密度对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜特性的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在铝合金上合成了陶瓷膜, 研究了阳极电流密度和阴／阳极电流密度比对陶瓷膜特性的影响. 结果表明, 阳极电流密度对陶瓷膜中α-Al₂O₃比γ-Al²O³的相对含量影响很大, 但阴／阳极电流密度比对其相对含量的影响较小, 而陶瓷膜的显微硬度、 微观结构和致密层的厚度与阳极电流 密度和阴／阳极电流密度比密切相关.     

乙醇燃料车尾气催化净化性能的研究

采用混胶法将铝溶胶与钛溶胶相混合制备出纳米级γ-Al₂O₃/TiO₂复合载体，然后用共浸渍法制备出不同钒含量的V/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂，并对其活性进行评价，结果发现5%V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂对乙醇和乙醛等具有良好的催化氧化性能.通过XRD等技术对催化剂进行了表征，合理解释了V/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂有较高活性的原因.     

镍铬合金表面的微弧氧化陶瓷膜对镍离子析出的影响

采用微弧氧化技术, 以NaAlO₂和Na₅P₃O₁₀为电解液体系, 在镍铬合金表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷膜, 研究镍铬合金表面形成的微弧氧化陶瓷膜对镍离子析出的影响.  用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)对膜层进行表征,     用等离子体发射光谱仪及电化学方法检测成膜前后镍铬合金中镍离子在人工唾液中的析出量及合金的耐腐蚀性能. 实验结果表明, 镍铬合金表面形成的主晶相为γ-Al₂O₃的微弧氧化陶瓷膜可有效阻止镍离子析出, 提高了镍铬合金的耐腐蚀性能.     

Preparation of activated ceria and its desulfurization performance

Activated ceria (CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃) prepared by impregnation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The desulfurization of the activated ceria was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that ceria could be highly dispersed or crystallized on the surface of γ-alumina. The reduction temperatures of 0.1CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, 0.45CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, and CeO₂ ranged from 250℃ to 470℃, 330℃ to 550℃, and 350℃ to 550℃, respectively. The reduction peak temperature of 0.45CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ was higher than that of 0.1CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, which was consistent with the reduction temperature of CeO₂. O₂ participated in the reaction between ceria and sulfur dioxide. The desulfurization product was cerium(Ⅲ) sulfate. The intensity of the hydroxyl band decreased with the formation of sulfate species.     

煅烧硫酸铝铵复盐低温合成α-Al2O3：葡萄糖和预压的影响

以NH₄Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O为原料，通过加入不同质量分数的葡萄糖合成α-Al₂O₃，研究了葡萄糖含量和预压处理对α-Al₂O₃粉体合成工艺和温度的影响。结果表明：葡萄糖的加入可以明显改变相变过程，降低合成温度。添加质量分数为30%的葡萄糖时，可在950℃合成单相α-Al₂O₃粉体，合成温度比不添加葡萄糖时低200℃左右；添加质量分数为75%的葡萄糖时，α-Al₂O₃的合成温度可进一步降低至900℃。添加葡萄糖可以降低α-Al₂O₃合成温度的主要原因有两个：一是葡萄糖氧化分解产生的热加速了NH₄Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O的热分解，二是葡萄糖的添加使NH₄Al(SO     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

处理电压对钛合金微弧氧化膜相结构的影响

在Na₂CO₃ Na₂SiO₃溶液中, 采用正负不对称的专用交流高压电源制备了钛合金微弧氧化膜. 利用X射线衍射研究了处理参数(阴、 阳极峰值电压, 处理时间等)对微弧氧化膜相结构的影响. 实验结果表明, 氧化膜主要由金红石和锐钛矿的TiO₂及少量不饱和氧化的Ti₆O₁₁(TiO_1.83)相组成, 它们在氧化膜中各自所占的比例受处理时间和阴、 阳极峰值电压的影响较大. 当阴、 阳极峰值电压分别控制在45 V和320 V, 处理时间为30 min时, 氧化膜中金红石TiO₂的含量最高, 达到80%.     

电流密度对AlSi7Mg0.3铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层性能的影响

以采用微弧氧化技术在AlSi7Mg0.3铝合金表面制备的陶瓷层为研究对象,利用XRD和SEM等手段分析了陶瓷层的相组成及表面形貌,探讨了电流密度对成膜速率、膜层结构的影响,借助拉伸实验研究了陶瓷膜与基体的结合强度.研究结果表明:电流密度过大会使陶瓷层成膜速率加快、表面质量下降、结合力降低;微弧氧化陶瓷层主要由γ-Al_2O_3、α-Al_2O_3和少量Al_2(SiO_4)O组成,电流密度的变化会导致陶瓷层内γ-Al_2O_3和α-Al_2O_3的含量变化,在一定范围内,电流密度越高,γ-Al_2O_3的含量越多,陶瓷层性能越好;陶瓷层界面结合强度随着电流密度增加而增加,但过大的电流密度反而导致界面结合强度减小.     

Ag/Al2O3催化二甲醚选择性还原NOx的试验研究

为了拓展二甲醚（DME）在低温条件下选择性催化还原NOx的效果,采用浸渍法制备了Ag/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,试验研究了反应温度、Ag/γ-Al₂O₃质量分数、氧含量、NOx源、DME/NO摩尔比对NOx转化率的影响.结果表明,Ag/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂在低温条件下具有良好的脱氮性能,在200 °C时就显示较高的活性,随着温度的升高,NOx转化率先增大后减小;Ag/γ-Al₂O₃的催化活性随氧含量的增加先增大后减小,氧含量约为8%时催化效果最佳;最佳Ag质量分数约为3%;DME/NO最佳摩尔比为2;催化活性基本不受NOx源的影响.
     

Oxidation behavior of high-strength FeCrAl alloys in a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide environment

The oxidation behavior of three high-strength FeCrAl alloys was investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide environment at 650 ℃. After exposure for 500 h, the weight gains of the FeCrAl alloys gradually decreased with increasing Al content. The oxide scales are primarily composed of α-Al_2O_3 and spinel oxides. With increasing Al content, the amount of α-Al_2O_3 increases and the C content decreased in the oxide scale and sub-scale matrix.Moreover, larger(Nb,Mo)C carbides formed in the sub-scale matrix and their number decreased with the increase of Al content.     

Mineralogical alteration of thermally treated siderite in air: Mössbauer spectroscopy results

Mineralogical alternation of thermally treated siderite in air atmosphere has been systematically analyzed by Mössbauer effects. It was preliminarily estimated from the area of subspectra that 4%, 39% and 62% of magnetite were formed at 410 °C, 490 °C and 510 °C respectively. After being incrementally heated at 530 °C the spectra consist of two sextets of Fe₃O₄. Sextet of γ-Fe₂O₃ with hyperfine field of 50T was observed at 550 °C. Spectra at 580 °C consisted of two sextets with hyperfine fields caused by γ-Fe₂O₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. Fe₃O₄ disappeared and the amount of γ-Fe₂O₃ decreased, while the quantity of α-Fe₂O₃ increased to 34% and 77% at 640 °C and 690 °C, respectively. During the early stage of decomposition and oxidation, FeO was probably produced but quickly oxidized to magnetite and unidentified in our experiment. These results, in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction analyses and microscopic observation, provide an interpretation to anomalous magnetic property changes of siderite-bearing rock samples.     

同多钨酸根柱撑镍铝水滑石的原位合成

采用原位沉积法在γ-Al₂O₃表面原位合成了对苯二甲酸阴离子柱撑的镍铝水滑石,并用同多钨酸根阴离子部分交换了镍铝水滑石中的对苯二甲酸阴离子。用XRD,BET, FT-IR和TG-DTA等测试方法对材料进行表征。结果表明,经过同多钨酸根阴离子的交换以后,垂直于水滑石层板方向的平行层板方向的晶格参数(c)值变小,平行层板方向的晶格参数(a)值不变,(003)、(006)、(009) 衍射峰处的层间距(d)值比为3∶2∶1;交换过程没有改变水滑石的结构,水滑石原位生长在γ-Al₂O₃表面及内孔,比表面积由γ-Al₂O₃载体的219m²/g增加到247m²/g,孔径分布则由原来的2～11nm变化为3～4nm。     

Fabrication of an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by discontinuous mechanical milling for thermite reaction

In this study, a powder mixture with an Al/TiO2 molar ratio of 10/3 was used to form an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite (IMC) reinforced withα-Al2O3 ceramic by a novel milling technique, called ...     

Microstructure, mechanical and thermo-physical properties of hot-pressed Al2O3-GdAlO3-ZrO2 ceramics with eutectic composition

A low cost chemical co-precipitation method was employed to fabricate nanoscale Al_2O_3-GdAlO_3-ZrO_2 powder with eutectic composition. A careful control of reaction conditions was required during the preparation. The synthesized nanopowders exhibited a particle size of 20-200 nm, and were highly dispersive and uniform. The results showed that calcination temperature had an important influence on the phase constituents of the nanopowders. With increasing the calcination temperature, a phase transformation from θ-Al_2O_3 to α-Al_2O_3 and a thermal decomposition from Gd_3 Al_5O_(12)(GdAG) to GdAlO_3 and α-Al_2O_3 occurred in sequence. A calcination temperature of 1300 ℃ was needed for the crystallization of α-Al_2 O_3. These nanosized powders were consolidated via hot pressing to produce a fully densified ceramic composite with eutectic composition. The Al_2O_3-GdAlO_3-ZrO_2 ceramic hot-pressed at 1500 ℃ exhibited a relative density of 99.4%, a flexural strength of 485 MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.5 MPa m~(1/2). The ceramic had a thermal conductivity of 1.9 W m K~(-1) at 1200 ℃ and a thermal expansion coefficient of 9.49 ×10~(-6) K~(-1) at 1100 ℃.     

Formation of highly crystalline maghemite nanoparticles from ferrihydrite in the liquid phase

Fe₅O₇(OH)·4H₂O ferrihydrite is a low-crystallinity antiferromagnetic material. γ-Fe₂O₃ (maghemite) magnetic nanoparticles were prepared from a ferrihydrite precursor, by chemically induced transformation in FeCl₂/NaOH solution. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of the products were determined by vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ferrihydrite underwent aggregation growth and transformed into α-FeO(OH) (goethite) particles, which subsequently transformed into γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, that became coated with NaCl. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles had a flake-like morphology, when prepared from 0.01 mol/L FeCl₂ and a FeCl₂:NaOH molar ratio of 0.4. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles were more spherical, when prepared from a FeCl₂:NaOH molar ratio of 0.6. The Fe content of the flake-like particles was lower than that of the spherical particles. Their magnetizations were similar, and the coercivity of the flake-like particles was larger. The differences in morphology and magnetization were attributed to the surface effect, and the difference in coercivity to the shape effect.     

Dispersion of CoCl2 into γ-Al2O3 studied by positron

Co²⁺/γ-Al₂O₃ samples were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al₂O₃ with different concentration solution of CoCl₂ and dried at 40 °C. We measured the positron lifetime spectra of the samples of different Co²⁺ mass fractions (0%–8.24%) heated at different temperatures (100–500°C). All lifetime spectra were resolved into four components, in which the third and the fourth components were related to the surface state of the micropores and the secondary pores of the γ-Al₂O₃. The experimental results showed that the Co²⁺ was mainly located in the micropores and the secondary pores near to the exterior of the support. For low Co²⁺ mass fraction samples, when the heating temperature was above 400 °C, dispersal was almost finished. When the Co²⁺ mass fraction was above 5.59%, Co²⁺ and Cl⁻ were dispersed into the secondary pores in the form of multiple layers.     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

Effects of surface modification on isothermal oxidation behavior of HVOF-sprayed NiCrAlY coatings

NiCrAlY coatings were deposited on Ni-based superalloy by high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying (HVOF). Surface modification by means of grit-blasted, shot-peened and ground methods was used in order to study the effect of surface conditions on the isothermal oxidation behavior of HVOF-sprayed NiCrAlY coatings at 1050 ℃. The results showed that surface modification had an obvious effect on the isothermal oxidation behavior of the coatings. There was a large decrease in growth rate compared with the as-sprayed coating. The scale formed on the grit-blasted and shot-peened coatings was a mixture of Al₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄, while the oxide formed on the ground coating was composed mainly of Al2O3. After surface modification, the content of NiCr₂O₄ spinels decreased compared with the as-sprayed coating.