叶片挤出机中聚合物固体形变的可视化和影响因素

采用组装式叶片挤出机在线观察了聚合物固体形变,考察了物料参数、颗粒大小和工艺参数对聚合物固体形变的影响.结果表明:固体颗粒会在叶片塑化输运单元的强制挤压作用下产生形变;高模量的聚合物固体经叶片塑化输运单元作用后产生的塑性形变大;大颗粒料经叶片塑化输运单元挤压作用后变成薄片,但小颗粒料则经历大的形变后粘连;聚合物固体颗粒的形变量随着温度升高减小,随着转速的增加增大.     

Sn的质量分数对Bi-Sn合金熔体结构的影响

用相对能量耗散方法在升温过程中对纯Bi、纯Sn及Bi-Sn合金熔体进行了较系统地研究。结果表明,随着Sn质量分数的不同,熔体表现出不同的相对能量耗散行为;富Sn合金熔体的相对能量耗散行为与纯Sn相似,富Bi合金熔体的相对能量耗散行为与纯Bi相似。     

螺杆挤出成型新理论概述

本文从螺杆挤出机的基本职能出发,对比剖析各种挤出成型理论的利弊,进而分别阐述挤出成型三大组成部分,即固体输送理论、熔融理论和熔体计量理论的新进展。希望对于挤出成型工艺和挤出机设计能有一定的指导意义。     

缅甸硬玉中的包裹体

显微分析表明,缅甸硬玉中的包裹体分为4种类型:固体包裹体、流体包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体和熔融包裹体.利用显微红外光谱定性研究流体-熔融包裹体中的物相,其有机物不只是单一的甲烷相;用热台测得流体包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体和熔融包裹体的均一温度分别为290～430、630～720和820～910℃,熔融包裹体的均一温度代表其成岩的下限温度,远大于缅甸硬玉所处的低温变质环境.推测硬玉形成与熔体密切相关,其后受区域变质作用而形成.     

PB-1/PP共混合金的结晶形态与动态流变性

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丁烯–1/聚丙烯(PB-1/PP)共混合金,利用偏光显微镜观察了共混合金的结晶形态,使用动态力学分析仪和旋转流变仪研究了共混合金的动态流变性.结果表明:PP的加入导致PB-1晶体尺寸略有减小,合金固体的储能模量以及损耗因子增大;随PP含量的增加,熔体的储能模量、损耗模量、复数黏度和剪切变稀敏感性逐渐下降;在熔融状态下,共混合金的两相具有一定的相容性.     

单螺杆振动诱导熔体输运模型与实验研究

采用自行修正的Tanner本构模型建立了单螺杆振动诱导塑化挤出机在熔体输运过程中的近似解析模型,根据黏性耗散功相等推导出了振动力场对熔体表观黏度的影响系数;并在单螺杆振动诱导塑化挤出机上就振动力场对聚合物熔体输运过程的影响进行了实验研究,分析了螺杆振动频率与振幅对挤出压力和挤出特性的影响规律.理论与实验结果均表明,单螺杆振动诱导熔体输运可实现低压挤出,但会导致螺杆特性变软.     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的制备及其性能研究

聚丙烯（PP）因其优良性能广泛应用于诸多领域,但同时也有着韧性差,熔体强度低等缺点。而高熔体强度聚丙烯（HMSPP）是一种具有较高熔体强度、较好熔体弹性的聚丙烯树脂,它的发现拓展了聚丙烯在物理发泡、挤出涂布及热成型等领域的应用,多年来一直是聚烯烃研究工作的重点。本文以2,5-二甲基-2,5-双-（叔丁基过氧）己烷（DHBP）为引发剂,采用多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（TMPTA）对市售聚丙烯（PP）进行接枝,同时加入支化促进剂二硫化四丁基秋兰姆（TBTDS）以提高接枝效率,成功制备了具有高熔体强度的聚丙烯并进行了配方优化。本文测定了接枝产物的熔体流动速率(MFR)及采用公式法计算熔体强度(MS)。通过红外光谱（IR）对所得高熔体强度聚丙烯的分子结构进行表征,结果表明单体已接枝在PP主链上,通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TG）方法,对所得高熔体强度聚丙烯的热性能进行分析和表征,结果表明接枝产物的熔融温度没有显著变化,耐热温度有所上升。拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能的测定结果表明接枝产物的力学性能有显著提高。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的制备及其性能

以2,5-二甲基-2,5-双-(叔丁基过氧)己烷(DHBP)为引发剂,采用多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)对市售聚丙烯(PP)进行接枝,同时加入支化促进剂二硫化四丁基秋兰姆(TBTDS)以提高接枝效率,成功制备了具有高熔体强度的聚丙烯,并进行了配方优化.测定了接枝产物的熔体流动速率(MFR)及采用公式法计算熔体强度(MS).通过红外光谱(IR)对所得高熔体强度聚丙烯的分子结构分析表明,单体已接枝在PP主链上;通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TG)等方法分析了高熔体强度聚丙烯的热稳定性,接枝产物的熔融温度没有显著变化,耐热温度有所上升.拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能测试表明接枝产物的力学性能有显著提高.     

啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粉料熔融可视化研究

借助于玻璃视窗可视化挤出机,对啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程中聚合物粉料的熔融进行了实验研究;考察了螺杆构型、操作条件对聚合物熔融的影响,并总结出熔融过程的基本模型。研究表明,螺杆元件的结构与输送机理是聚合物熔融过程的决定性因素;海岛熔融模型与固体床熔膜模型是啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程中聚合物熔融的典型形态,且在前者中聚合物的熔融效率更高。     

衣康酸——苯乙烯熔融接枝HDPE改性研究

本文采用反应型双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了可反应性相容剂HDPE-g-ITA和HDPE-g-(ITA co-St),借助气相色谱和热重分析技术,确定了熔融接枝工艺和工艺参数。应用红外光谱分析了接枝物的化学结构,证明熔融接枝过程中部分羧基脱水生成酸酐；接枝率和熔体流动速率测定结果表明,衣康酸(ITA)的接枝能力较马来酸酐(MAH)强,引入第二单体苯乙烯(St)对提高ITA的接枝率有更大的促进作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.