储层物性下限确定方法的研究现状与展望

储层物性下限是储量评价中识别储层、确定有效厚度的重要参数。系统考察储层物性下限确定方法,并对技术发展方向进行展望。研究认为:可依据方法、使用资料特点将物性下限方法分为岩心分析、测试分析两大类;岩心分析方法通过统计分析实验室测量的孔隙度、渗透率等参数确定各种阈值作为物性下限,确定的物性下限比较乐观,适用于测试资料较少的勘探阶段;测试分析方法通过统计分析产液能力与含油产状、孔隙度、渗透率等参数的关系来给出物性下限,确定的物性下限比较保守,适合在开发阶段使用,与岩心分析方法组合使用可在开发阶段动态确定物性下限;物性下限研究应该注意非均质性、试油工艺等问题带来的冲击。     

储层临界物性对岩性圈闭油气成藏的意义——以准噶尔盆地东部白家海凸起侏罗系储层为例

准噶尔盆地东部白家海凸起侏罗系岩性油气藏发育,同一个区带上不同岩性圈闭的成藏机理存在差异性.针对岩性圈闭多元控油、主元成藏的特征,从岩性圈闭成藏主控因素中的储层临界物性出发,采用孔渗交会法和含油产状法,结合试验分析,对白家海凸起彩43井区侏罗系西山窑组的地层条件含油临界孔隙度进行研究.同时尝试从地层条件下的含油临界孔隙度、含油临界渗透率及含油孔喉特征等方面,对西山窑组现今及白垩纪末期的储集层含油性进行分析,发现常规实验室条件下侏罗系储集层的含油临界渗透率为0.1×10-3μm2,临界孔隙度值约为11.5%.垂向上储集层的含油临界孔、渗物性随埋深变化.采用有效含油孔隙度、有效含油渗透率和优势流动系数3个储集层临界物性参数进行分析,发现储层临界物性对白家海凸起侏罗系油气藏形成具有明显的控制作用.     

鄂尔多斯盆地A地区长8储层测井分析

目的 研究鄂尔多斯盆地A地区长8储层测井解释标准.方法 对A地区长8储层测井、录井、岩心和试油等资料进行收集、整理、校正、分析.结果 明确了该区储层的岩性、物性、含油性和电性特征及其相互关系,建立了适合本区的孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度解释方法 .同时,在结合试油资料的基础上,经过统计分析,确定出了该区的油水层电性识别标准及有效厚度下限值.孔隙度的下限为7%,渗透率的下限为0.1×10-3μm2,声波时差下限为211 μs/m,有效厚度的起算值为0.4 m.结论 A地区长8储层四性关系较明显,钾长石含量少和地层水矿化度低是自然电位对岩性分辨能力差的根本原因.     

东营凹陷古近系深部碎屑岩有效储层物性下限的确定

东营凹陷古近系深部碎屑岩储层岩心、试油、实测物性等资料较缺乏,导致有效储层物性下限计算困难.综合运用分布函数曲线、测试、试油和束缚水饱和度等方法,确定研究区有效储层物性下限,并对其影响因素进行分析.结果表明:有效储层孔隙度下限与深度的对数呈线性关系,渗透率下限与深度呈指数函数关系;有效储层物性下限受储层性质、原油性质、温度、压力等因素的影响,次生孔隙会增大有效储层孔隙度下限,原油密度、黏度越低,有效储层物性下限越小,地层温度增加、深部超压均会使有效储层物性下限降低;有效储层物性下限主要由温-压系统控制.     

玛北油田三叠系百口泉组储层四性关系研究

利用岩芯、测井、试油、分析化验等资料,对准噶尔盆地玛北油田三叠系百口泉组的岩性、岩石学特征、物性及含油性等关系进行分析,总结岩性与电性、物性及含油气性之间的关系及影响因素,得出孔隙度、渗透率及含油饱和度等油层参数的解释模型。研究表明,岩石类型、粒度、分选、泥质含量,以及胶结物类型等是控制百口泉组储层物性的关键因素;各种岩性的含油产状普遍较高,砾岩、砂砾岩和含砾砂岩含油产状较好;储层具有物性变好,含油显示级别升高的特点;储层物性,含油饱和度,以及地层电阻率呈正相关。通过对百口泉组储层四性关系的研究,并根据试油资料与储层物性、电性参数交会,制定了油、水、干层的定量解释标准,为下一步的油气勘探与开发工作提供了科学依据。     

川西拗陷新场构造上沙溪庙组储层下限分析

川西拗陷新场构造中侏罗统上沙溪庙组为致密砂岩储层,储层物性非均质性强.为提高储层评价精度,选择与油气实际产能关系最为密切的渗透率为主要研究对象,并根据储层微观孔隙结构非均质性特点,对不同孔隙结构的3类储层分别进行评价.综合运用最小含气喉遭半径法、经验统计法、产能系数法和气藏工程法等方法研究渗透率下限特征,确定出储集渗透率和有效渗透率下限分别为0.07× 10-3μm2和0.1×10-3μm2.依据3类储层各自的孔渗关系,进一步确定各类储层的储集孔隙度下限:Ⅱ类为9.4％、Ⅲ类为14.6％;有效孔隙度下限:Ⅰ类为4.6％、Ⅱ类为10.3％、Ⅲ为16.0％.     

关于建立海拉尔盆地J油田P油组有效厚度划分的电性标准

海拉尔盆地J油田储层类型多样, 储层岩性复杂, 以砂岩、砂砾岩、凝灰质砂岩和沉凝灰岩为主,而且储层物性变化较大, 使常规测井资料难以准确划分储层和储层评价。结合研究区地质特点,应用试油法、经验统计法、含油产状法等方法来确定不同层位储层物性下限标准;以物性下限标准为基础,优选对储层岩性、物性、含油性敏感的测井曲线,建立有效厚度划分的电性标准。提高该区开发井有效厚度的测井解释精度,满足油田开发的需要。     

关于建立海拉尔盆地J油田P油组有效厚度划分的电性标准

海拉尔盆地J油田储层类型多样,储层岩性复杂,以砂岩、砂砾岩、凝灰质砂岩和沉凝灰岩为主,而且储层物性变化较大,使常规测井资料难以准确划分储层和储层评价.结合研究区地质特点,应用试油法、经验统计法、含油产状法等方法来确定不同层位储层物性下限标准.以物性下限标准为基础,优选对储层岩性、物性、含油性敏感的测井曲线,建立有效厚度划分的电性标准.提高该区开发井有效厚度的测井解释精度,满足油田开发的需要.     

安塞油田长2段储层四性关系及有效厚度下限确定

为提高鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长2段有利区域预测精度,结合该区域目前地震资料品质较差,测井资料较为丰富,利用岩心分析及测井成果,分别从岩性、物性、电性和含油性四个方面分析了长2段储层的特点.结果表明,长2段储层为低孔、低渗储层,油气的富集受储层岩性和物性的影响.选取声波时差、岩心分析等资料建立岩心、物性、含油性测井解释模型,并将测井解释孔隙度、渗透率与岩心分析对比,解释成果吻合度较好,即建立的模型能适用于长2段分析.最后确定长2段储层有效厚度下限标准:物性下限孔隙度为12%,电性下限电阻率为12Ω·m,渗透率为1×10~(-3)μm~2,声波时差为243μs/m.     

东营凹陷沙三中亚段浊积岩低渗透储层有效性评价

依据岩心、薄片、试油、物性、综合解释等资料,对东营凹陷沙三中亚段浊积岩低渗透储层特征及其有效性评价进行研究;通过准确求取开发厚度和经济极限初产油约束下的有效开发渗透率下限确定渗透率差值,以渗透率差值为母因子表征低渗透储层综合特征并优选地层压力、岩性、含油性、成岩相作为评价参数,求取不同储层深度区间、不同控制因素作用下储层优劣综合值,实现定性参数的定量评分;结合各评价参数权重系数、综合得分和经济初产液量计算对浊积岩低渗透储层进行分类评价。结果表明:浊积岩低渗透储层主要为岩屑质长石砂岩,以中细砂岩为主,中高孔低渗透储层发育;储集空间类型以原生孔隙为主,次生孔隙较发育;发育中压实、强胶结、强溶蚀、过渡型4种成岩相类型;发育常压、弱超压、中超压及强超压4种压力系统;含油性可划分为富含油(饱含油)、油浸、油斑-油迹、不含油(荧光)4个等级;浊积岩低渗透储层分为3类,Ⅰ类储层经济初产液量大于15 t/d,综合得分大于0.5,Ⅱ类储层经济初产液量0~15 t/d,综合得分0.5~0.2,Ⅲ类储层经济初产液量小于0 t/d,综合得分小于0.2,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层为有效储层,建议优先开发。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.