硬态车削轴承钢GCr15切屑形成机理分析

使用有限元仿真软件ABAQUS对硬态车削淬硬轴承钢GCr15（62HRC）的切削过程进行仿真,从切屑形态出发,结合切削力和切削温度等场量对切屑的形成过程进行分析.结果表明：在低速（60 m/min）切削时,没有形成明显的绝热剪切带而形成了连续切屑;在高速（181 m/min）切削时,形成了锯齿状切屑和绝热剪切带,且因绝热剪切区的热软化效应而使材料的承载能力下降,切削力发生波动;在高速切削时,工件与切屑自由表面处出现了微裂纹,并在一定程度上沿绝热剪切带而向刀尖方向扩展,使得锯齿更加明显,导致切削力“二次下降”并推迟了下一锯齿节块的形成;硬态车削淬硬轴承钢GCr15的绝热剪切是形成锯齿状切屑的前提,而周期性微裂纹的出现和扩展则是源于绝热剪切作用下材料发生的韧性断裂.     

基于FEM-SPH耦合方法的AISI4340钢超精密切削过程仿真

数值模拟是研究金属切削的重要手段,但有限元方法(FEM)由于依赖网格而存在一定的局限性,不适宜处理大变形问题.光滑粒子动力学(SPH)是一种无网格法,可以避免网格畸变,解决切削过程中材料大变形问题.结合两种方法的各自优点,建立了AISI4340钢金刚石超精密切削过程的FEM-SPH耦合模型,研究切削过程中材料的去除机理.仿真结果表明:随着切削过程的进行工件内部应力逐渐增大,当达到屈服极限时,工件材料沿前刀面塑性流动,形成切屑,刀尖钝圆的推挤起了决定性的作用;成形表面下存在较为严重的残余应力;切削热主要来源于切削过程中塑性功的转换且大部分被切屑带走;增大刀尖钝圆半径将会使切削力尤其是切削抗力显著增大.     

论细长轴的车削加工

该文针对细长轴在车削加工时由于工件弯曲变形而影响工件的尺寸公差、形位公差及表面粗糙度问题。找出引起细长轴弯曲变形的因素:工件自身刚性差、工件内部残余应力、切削力及切削热。通过分析不同装夹方式对工件刚性的影响、残余内应力的影响、刀具参数和切削用量对切削力和切削热的影响,提出通过选择合适装夹方式、时效处理消除内应力、选择合理刀具参数及控制切削用量,同时在加工时使用切削液以降低切削热等方法来提高细长轴的加工质量。     

淬 硬 轴 承 钢 锯 齿 形 切 屑 形 成 机 理

针对淬硬轴承钢在硬切削过程中产生的锯齿状切屑,建立了基于Abaqus/Explicit的正交切削热 力耦合有限元模型,仿真分析了AISI52100轴承钢在低、高速切削条件下锯齿状切屑的形成过程,其随时间变化的应力场、温度场和网格变形及其绝热剪切机理.结果表明：切削淬硬轴承钢时,首先在刀尖前方形成窄短的水平绝热剪切带;随着前刀面对工件材料的挤压作用增强,水平绝热剪切带由远离刀具的端部沿剪切平面扩展到自由表面;随着绝热剪切带的继续滑移,逐步形成了锯齿切屑而促使裂纹产生;切削速度效应加速了剪切带与自由表面交界处微裂纹的产生,并使微裂纹向刀尖扩展;第2变形区的摩擦对锯齿切屑起到了增强作用.     

考虑刀具-工件-机床系统柔性的铣削表面误差模型

不论是为改进加工精度与效率还是为实现虚拟制造,对切削过程建立精确而可靠的模型已经成为许多研究者的研究重点。本文针对棒铣过程,考虑工件、刀具和机床柔性,推导了一个解析的加工表面误差模型。仿真显示了加工条件对表面误差的影响,在较小切深时,切削力将刀具推离工件形成正误差,而在较大切深时,切削力将刀具拉向工件形成负误差。这些特点在实际切削实验中得到验证。     

基于单刃单磨粒正交切削的微铣磨温度仿真

建立单刃单磨粒正交切削模型,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)法,对微尺度铣磨复合加工进行有限元仿真,分析切削过程中的温度场分布与变化情况,以及后刀面磨粒磨削对加工温度的影响.按照热源分布位置划分温度区,分析加工过程中各温度区温度变化规律.通过仿真结果发现,工件加工时温度场中的最高温度出现在磨粒磨削区和毗邻刃口处两个位置;除磨粒磨削区外,微铣磨复合加工工件各温度区温度变化规律与微铣削相同;后刀面磨粒磨削作用使切削过程中工件各温度区温度升高,离磨削区越近,温升越大.     

干切削过程中切削力和切削温度的数值模拟及试验

建立了基于拉格朗日增量法的切削有限元模拟模型并分析了正交干切削6061-T6过程中切削力以及切削温度的变化.工件材料的流动应力看成是应力、应变以及温度的函数.模拟过程从刀具切入工件开始直到达到稳态.计算结果包括切屑形态,以及应变、应力、应变速度和温度的分布.同样条件下的多组切削试验用于验证有限元模型的正确性.     

切屑数值模拟研究之中碳钢的高速加工

通过建立的正交切削有限元模型,采用Cockroft-Latham切屑断裂标准作为工件材料失效准则对45号钢高速加工过程进行了数值模拟,得到了崩碎状切屑的形成过程。并对切削过程中获得的切削力曲线及切削温度场分布进行了分析。加工过程中由于崩碎状切屑的不断产生导致切削力及切削温度产生较大的波动。数值模拟结果为进一步研究45号钢高速加工切削机理及切削参数优化、刀具几何尺寸的设计提供了基础。     

切削区温度分布研究

金属切削加工中,切削热与切削温度是一重要的物理现象,切削温度及其分布直接影响刀具磨损和工件的加工精度及表面质量.本文通过分析切削力和刀—屑接触长度的计算,建立了刀—屑接触区的正应力与剪应力的分布计算模型,采用有限元法对稳态切削过程中切削温度分布进行了计算,得到了切削区切削温度的分布情况.     

高速铣削高强高硬钢加工表面残余应力研究

研究高速铣削高强高硬钢时,铣削参数与加工表面残余应力的关系.进行了高速铣削高强高硬钢时的切削温度、切削力实验研究,分析了切削参数对平均切削温度、平均切削力的影响规律,分析了切削力、切削热以及由其引起的微观组织变化对加工表面残余应力的影响.结果表明,高速铣削高强高硬钢时,加工表面产生明显的残余应力.在所选用切削参数范围内,皆产生残余压应力;切削力以及切削热引起的金相组织变化是产生残余压应力的主要原因;在所选用的切削范围内,随着切削速度的增加,加工残余压应力增大,残余应力的影响深度增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.