基于混合蚁群算法的无人机航路规划

无人机(UAV)航路规划的热点和难点在于如何满足安全性和实时性的同时,兼顾全局路径规划和局部路径重规划,以提高无人机的作战效率和生存概率。针对这一问题,在现有无人机航路规划研究基础之上,提出采用蚁群算法与人工势场法相结合的方法。蚁群算法用于全局航路规划,人工势场法用于局部路径重规划。仿真结果表明,两种算法结合所得优化航路较好反映了算法的有效性,可以为航路规划辅助决策研究提供借鉴和参考。     

无人机初始路径规划空间建模方法研究

提出了一种无人机初始路径规划空间建模方法，重点在于将地形威胁和火力威胁分开建模，通过引入不可接受毁伤系数来评价威胁对航路的影响，并应用数学形态学骨架化算法生成初始路径规划空间。仿真结果表明，该方法生成初始路径规划空间小，各种建模约束条件符合战场实际环境，为航路奴．划算法的工程化应用奠定了基础。     

基于Laguerre图的自优化A-Star无人机航路规划算法

为了降低无人机航路规划的运算量,减少规划时间,确保算法对于任意形状威胁区域和地形的适应性以及所规划航路的准确性,提出了一种新颖的LA-Star算法用于无人机航路规划。首先把威胁区域和禁飞区域简化为圆形,利用Laguerre图算法进行航路预规划,在此基础上简化二次规划空间的范围,之后恢复威胁区域和禁飞区域的真实形状,在简化后的规划空间内使用改进A Star算法实施二次航路规划,最后对生成的航路进行自优化处理。仿真结果证明了LA-Star算法满足航路规划的实时性和准确性要求。     

基于混合多目标进化算法的多无人机侦察路径规划

由于侦察任务的复杂性和不确定性,无人机对其目标的侦察时间往往是不确定的。将多无人机对观测时间不确定目标的侦察路径规划问题建模为使任务时间、编队总耗时和编队规模同时最小化的多目标优化路径规划问题。对此,在基于ε 占优的稳态多目标进化算法基础上引入多目标局部搜索,给出了混合ε 占优多目标进化算法,提出了一种使用插入最近点方法的启发式遗传操作。实验结果表明,算法能够有效解决所研究的问题,并且其优势随着问题规模的增大而显著。     

复杂环境中多无人机协同侦察的任务分配方法

现有多无人机协同规划方法往往将航迹规划与任务分配拆开单独解决,导致在复杂环境下协同方案并不是最佳。建立多无人机协同侦察异构目标的代价矩阵,针对复杂环境中多种障碍约束和无人机运动及航迹特点,以改进的PSO-AFSA（Particle Swarm Optimization-Artificial Fish Swarms Algorithm）求解单无人机航迹规划模型,利用匈牙利算法完成各架无人机侦察任务协同分配。仿真结果表明：该算法能使单无人机航程更短且航迹更光滑的同时,实现与任务协同分配紧耦合,使无人机集群总航程的全局总代价最低,提高了任务分配合理性。     

车载多无人机协同多区域覆盖路径规划方法

针对小型无人机在区域信息采集中的优势，考虑到复杂多变的应用情景，提出一种面向大面积多区域覆盖扫描任务的车载多无人机协同模式。该模式中，车辆可作为无人机的移动基站，与多架无人机协同完成多个大面积区域的覆盖扫描任务。充分分析新问题特点后，建立了优化车辆地面行驶路径和多无人机协同空中飞行路径的0-1整数规划模型，提出了一种基于三阶段的智能优化算法，先后对多无人机区域覆盖路径以及车辆协同路径进行规划，快速构造可行解，而后基于自适应大规模邻域搜索算法对可行解进行优化。本文设计了包含8个目标区域的实际案例，验证了车载多无人机协同模式的优势和算法有效性，并进一步通过10个随机案例验证了算法性能。对比实验证明，车载多无人机协同模式在执行多个大面积区域覆盖任务上，相比车载单无人机模式能够显著缩短任务时间。     

交叉粒群算法在无人机航路规划中的应用

随着现代战场环境的日益复杂和作战范围的不断扩大,给无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV）执行空中侦察、监视、作战等任务带来了严重挑战。为了提高UAV的作战效率和生存概率,从UAV的威胁空间建模出发,根据战场分布的威胁区域,先利用威胁回避技术快速地给出一条从起始点到目标点的粗选航路;然后在此基础上,应用粒群算法和遗传算法中交叉和变异操作相结合的思想,对粗选规划航路进行全局优化,从而找出一条能确保自身安全并威胁代价最小的最优飞行航路。仿真结果说明,该方法是有效、可行的。     

多无人机协同运动的虚拟队形制导控制

针对多个无人机的协同运动问题,提出一种多无人机协同运动的虚拟队形制导控制方法。该方法采用跟随-领航者法,借鉴虚拟结构法的思路,首先,根据航路点数据和协同任务队形结构在线规划出虚拟队形期望航路,避免了虚拟结构法刚性结构的缺点;然后,设计非线性航路跟随制导律,导引无人机沿期望航路运动,完成对虚拟队形期望航路的跟踪;第三,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了队形误差控制器,用来补偿由于航路机动带来的航迹切向队形误差;最后,综合制导律和队形误差控制器得到协同运动控制指令。仿真算例表明,该方法能有效实现多个无人机的协同运动。     

基于层次分解策略无人机编队避障方法

针对危险模式下无人机编队问题,提出基于层次分解策略的编队避障方法.通过构建Voronoi图,利用K路径算法为各无人机找到多条备选航路;然后建立协同函数,为各无人机规划出既能满足时间协同要求,又能满足整体代价最优(次优)的障碍物规避航迹.并设计了无人机编队的通行规则,解决了无人机在避障飞行过程中有可能产生的碰撞冲突问题.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

面向航路规划的Laguerre图构造算法

Voronoi图是一种用于无人机航路规划的图形算法,其得到的初始航路为相邻威胁中心连线的垂直平分线,因而会穿越覆盖范围较广的威胁源。引入计算几何学中的Laguerre图用于航路规划,证明了当两个威胁区域不相交时,Laguerre图生成的初始航路必然从它们之间的空隙内穿过。针对Laguerre图生成算法不易实现的问题,提出一种基于Delaunay图的Laguerre图构造算法,其时间复杂度为线性对数阶。仿真结果证明了Laguerre图在解决航路规划问题上的有效性,所提构造算法的运行时间能够满足在线规划的要求。     

The 12th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management ICSSSM'15

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Enterprise resource planning implementation decision & optimization models

To study the uncertain optimization problems on implementation schedule, time-cost trade-off and quality in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, combined with program evaluation and review technique (PERT), some optimization models are proposed, which include the implementation schedule model, the timecost trade-off model, the quality model, and the implementation time-cost-quality synthetic optimization model. A PERT-embedded genetic algorithm (GA) based on stochastic simulation technique is introduced to the optimization models solution. Finally, an example is presented to show that the models and algorithm are reasonable and effective, which can offer a reliable quantitative decision method for ERP implementation.     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,China The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(IClAM)is the premier international congress in the field ofapplied mathematics held every four years under the auspices ofthe International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists and entrepreneurs fiom around the world will gather in Beijing,China for the 8th IClAM to be held at     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

论生物系统中的功能不守恒性

根据能量守恒定律，能量一次转换所做的总功应等于输入的总能量。但在生物系统中，能量的转换是多次的，其总功之和大于系统输入的总能量，此现象称之为功能不守恒性。能量转换效率越高，功能差别越大。能量通过细胞水平的多次转换，总功可提高至2倍左右。能量通过生态系统水平多次转换，总功可提高至1．4倍左右。通过系统内各子系统能流之和称为序能，反映了系统有序性大小，它取决于系统输入总能量和能量转换效率。根据序能原理，用GDP^2／9(GDP为国内生产总值，Q为能量总输入)反映人类社会功能和效率，要比单纯用GDP更客观。绿色GDP应同时考虑使GDP^2／Q增长最大和使自然生态系统的序能最大。人的经济行为和动物的行为对策也符合序能原理。     

Dealing with Human Relations in Chinese Systems Practice

This paper is about the Wuli, Shili, Renli (WSR) systems methodology. An important concept within this, Renli, has been developed from Confucian philosophy to clarify to Chinese researchers the necessity of dealing with human relations in systems practice. At present, the only formal means of operationalizing Renli that people are exploring in China is to import from the West methods for organizing debate. However, the concept of Renli suggests that more is needed than methods alone. In particular, facilitation skills are required. It is argued that the development of facilitation skills can be enhanced if researchers can gain both theoretical and practical knowledge of group dynamics, and engage in activities of self-reflection to look at, and alter, their own roles in these dynamics and the wider sociopolitical system. There are therefore three aspects to Renli: the use of systems methods for organizing debate, the acquisition of facilitation skills, and self-reflection geared toward the development of facilitation skills and enhanced critical awareness of the politics of intervention.     

云环境中邮件服务器面向传输的优化设计

随着云计算的发展,新的应用不断涌现,但电子邮件服务依然占有着重要的地位.邮件服务器是一种I/O密集的应用.在云计算时代,越来越多的用户邮件保存在服务器端,邮件在从客户端传输到服务器端之前,邮件或者邮件的部分内容在服务器端可能已经存在.基于这种现象,提出了一种方案,通过引入计算的代价来降低通信量,从而提高邮件服务器的处理能力.对电子邮件的格式和SMTP协议进行了扩充,引入了附件和正文分离传输的模式.在邮件传输时,客户端先计算附件的散列值,并作为正文的一部分传输到服务器端,服务器端再根据散列值来判断附件是否需要传输.     

金工工艺的优化设计

运用价值工程与运筹工程理论, 在金工工艺单项设计指标优化的基础上, 对其设计指标也进行了全面优化。     

高速低复杂度可重构L&R算法研究与实现

为满足卫星有效载荷数据传输系统高速、高可靠性的需求, 提出一种基于L&R(Luise and Reggiannini)算法的高速低复杂度可重构频偏恢复实现方案。为便于算法逻辑架构实现, 对算法的函数功能进行分解及模块化设计; 为减少乘法器资源消耗, 采用复用分解的自相关函数模块; 为提高L&R算法的精度, 对导频段自相关函数进行多段叠加。结果表明, 高速低复杂度可重构频偏恢复实现方案解调性能损失接近为0 dB, 且优化后的算法结构相比于直接结构可减少92.59%的乘法器消耗, 拆分的自相关函数功能模块具有可复用性和重构性。该算法的可工作时钟速率高达370.37 MHz, 在高速接收机中具有极高的应用价值。