深部交岔点大断面软岩巷道支护对策研究

东庞矿某采区地处向斜轴部,构造应力大,且受到上部采空区强烈的开采扰动,巷道变形严重。通过对该巷道工程地质条件的综合分析和地质力学评估,研究了巷道的变形破坏机理及变形力学机制,并针对新开巷道大断面交岔点提出了以底角锚杆控制底臌的锚网索＋柔层桁架耦合支护方案,且对该方案主要技术环节进行了优化,并通过现场实施验证了方案优化的准确性和可靠性。     

我国矿区锚网喷支护的应用状况分析

锚网喷支护是目前深基坑支护工程中采用较多的一种支护方式。它是喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢筋网联合支护的简称，作为一种先进的支护加固技术，在岩土质高边坡和大跨度地下工程，特别是在不良地质条件下，国内外已进行了广泛而成功的应用。本文对我国矿区在维护旧巷、阶段性煤仓施工、软岩大断面交岔点中应用锚网喷支护的状况及经济技术进行分析。     

何平洲何建联合支护在煤巷小角度交岔点中的实践应用

巷道交岔点支护形式的选择是保证交岔点安全稳定的技术支撑，在煤巷小角度交岔点施工中，选择单一支护形式会因巷道断面要求、支护稳定性等方面影响而难易满足需要，通过多种支护形式配合使用，充分发挥各支护形式的优点．对解决交岔点支护会带来有益的帮助。     

何平洲何建联合支护在煤巷小角度交岔点中的实践应用

巷道交岔点支护形式的选择是保证交岔点安全稳定的技术支撑，在煤巷小角度交岔点施工中，选择单一支护形式会因巷道断面要求、支护稳定性等方面影响而难易满足需要，通过多种支护形式配合使用，充分发挥各支护形式的优点．对解决交岔点支护会带来有益的帮助。     

大断面交岔点支护及围岩变形控制模拟研究

应用数值计算技术对张集煤矿8煤层大断面交岔点巷道支护进行计算分析,获得该交岔点的支护参数为顶板每排6根锚杆、直径22 mm、排距0.7~0.8 m、长度2.0~2.2 m较为合理。交岔点临时支护应选迈步抬棚方式,单体支柱应有一定初撑力以控制顶板的早期离层,尤其适合复合顶板的控制。     

煤巷交岔点抬棚的加工及施工

介绍煤矿井下煤巷交叉点抬棚的形式、加工方法及交岔点的架设抬棚的施工要求，有利于工程技术人员根据实际情况选择抬棚的形式，便于现场组装和交岔点施工，能最大限度利用巷道断面，使巷道达到美观、可靠的支护效果。     

软岩巷道如何实施锚网喷支护

软岩巷道支护是煤矿生产中一项长期复杂的工程，也是严重影响安全生产的关键环节，利用锚网喷支护技术可以有效提高边坡岩土的结构强度和抗变形刚度，减小岩（土）体侧向变形，增强边坡的整体稳定性。本文通过分析软岩巷道特点，对实施锚网喷支护过程中的主要技术．设计要点及在施工与管理中应注意的问题进行了论述。并提出在实施锚网喷支护过程中应注意的问题。     

深井复杂地质条件下交岔点施工技术探讨

随着煤矿开采深度和强度的增加,巷道交岔点施工面临越来越不利的工程技术条件。文中对深井复杂地质条件下影响交岔点稳定性的主要因素———构造应力、软弱岩性和巷道空间结构以及围岩变形力学机制进行了分析探讨。面对复杂的生产地质条件,采用有针对性的施工方法和科学的支护体系,提高了交岔点的施工速度,并取得了良好的支护效果。     

大断面交岔点架棚支护的快速施工工艺研究

在岩巷施工过程当中，由于交岔点施工断面大，尤其是岩性较差时，加大了顶板及山墙的管理难度，给生产带来了很大地安全隐患，因此针对大断面交岔点，结合作者在施工队的生产经验，提出了架棚支护技术，施工速度快且安全，给相似条件下的交叉点的支护提供了一定的参考意义。     

渗水弱化薄页岩层交岔点支护技术

针对彭庄煤矿巷道围岩节理、裂隙发育,特别是薄页岩层受水浸蚀后,岩层软化严重的复杂地质条件,在富含地下水的层理、节理、裂隙发育的粉细砂岩互层中构筑大断面的交岔点,提出采用锚索施加较大预应力,限制巷道围岩离层,然后采用内注浆锚杆进行注浆赶水和加固围岩的方案。并对交岔点围岩收敛变形进行了长期的监测,监测结果表明交岔点两帮和顶底板的总变形量依次为24 mm和30 mm,这说明交岔点采用高强锚杆、锚索、锚注的联合支护方案,有效地封堵了围岩裂隙水,提高了岩石抗压强度以及岩体的整体性和承载能力,实现了大型交岔点围岩和支护结构的长期稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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