单液滴撞击不同黏度液膜特性研究

为了更好地理解单液滴撞击不同物性流体湿壁面现象,采用激光诱导荧光(laser induced fluorescence,LIF)方法研究了不同入射液滴韦伯数、无量纲液膜厚度及液膜黏度对撞壁现象的影响规律.研究表明,液滴撞击后液膜可分为稳定冠状、飞溅冠状和剧烈飞溅冠状3种形态,入射液滴韦伯数越大,液膜形态变化越剧烈.相同液膜黏度和无量纲液膜厚度下,无量纲冠顶高度随入射液滴韦伯数的增大而升高,且韦伯数越大,到达冠状顶点所需时间越长,冠状维持时间越久.保持入射液滴韦伯数和无量纲液膜厚度不变,随液膜黏度升高,无量纲冠顶高度降低,且到达冠状顶点的时间提前,冠状维持时间缩短;保持入射液滴韦伯数和液膜黏度不变,随无量纲液膜厚度增加,无量纲冠顶高度先升高后降低,但冠状达到顶点的时间以及冠状维持时间均持续增加.相同无量纲液膜厚度和液膜黏度下,无量纲冠顶直径随入射液滴韦伯数的增大而增大.保持入射液滴韦伯数和无量纲液膜厚度不变,无量纲冠顶直径随液膜黏度升高而降低;保持入射液滴韦伯数和液膜黏度不变,无量纲冠顶直径随无量纲液膜厚度的增大而降低.根据试验数据拟合出了冠状形态的临界韦伯数与无量纲液膜厚度的关系式,以及无量纲冠顶高度和冠顶直径与入射液滴韦伯数的关系式.     

同轴气流作用下压电驱动式微滴喷射行为的实验研究

为探究同轴气流对压电式微滴喷射过程的影响,自行设计并制造了设有同轴气流喷射槽的压电式微滴喷头,构建了微滴喷射与观测系统.采用双极性梯形波作为压电驱动波形,利用微滴喷射过程的可重复性,应用电荷耦合器件相机获取不同时刻的微滴图像;在此基础上,对同轴气流作用下压电驱动式微滴喷射行为进行了研究.结果发现:随着同轴气流强度的增大,微滴的延伸长度增加,其在喷嘴出口处的断裂时刻不受影响,在飞行过程中头部与尾部发生断裂的时刻延后;飞行微滴总体积略有减小,主液滴体积减小,而卫星液滴体积增大;主液滴与卫星液滴的前端速度和末端速度均有增大趋势,主液滴和卫星液滴末端速度的波动幅度与频率均有所下降;主液滴与卫星液滴形状都更趋于扁平,主液滴当量直径减小,而卫星液滴的当量直径则增大.研究阐明了压力波与同轴气流共同作用下微滴的喷射行为,揭示了同轴气流在微滴延伸、断裂和飞行过程中的作用规律,为同轴气流辅助式压电微滴喷头的设计提供了基础.     

高聚物熔滴形成与断裂过程的数值模拟

为了探究高黏度流体在机械撞针式微液滴喷射头作用下形成液滴及断裂的过程，采用计算流体力学软件模拟了聚丙烯熔滴的形成过程。结果表明，熔滴形成时要经历颈缩、伸长及断裂等过程，在各种力的综合作用下形成拖尾状液滴，与低黏度液滴在形态上存在显著差异。另外还分析了锥面张角、熔腔间隙、喷孔直径及喷孔长度对熔滴体积的影响，从而为微喷头的结构设计提供参考。     

布液方式对水平蒸发管管间流型转换的影响

为了探究液体分布装置布液方式对水平管管间液体流动流型转换的影响规律,采用可视化方法对3种工质、两种布液高度、8种液体分布装置开孔规格下的水平管管间液体流动流型转换进行了实验测量.通过高速摄像机拍摄,得到了流量由大到小(76～4.5L·h-1)调节时管间液体流动的5种流动形态和4种流动流型转换;对比膜雷诺数和伽利略数显示,测量结果与文献数据符合很好,转换雷诺数的最大偏差小于15%.实验结果表明:孔径不变,转换雷诺数随着孔间距增大而增大,孔间距不变,转换雷诺数随着开孔孔径增大而减小;直接布液方式的转换边界大于间接布液方式的转换边界.随着无量纲特征参数的逐渐增大,两种布液高度下的转换边界的差异逐渐减小.当无量纲特征参数大于40时,布液高度对管间液体的流动流型转换几乎无影响.     

液-液分散模型及滴内传质

研究了湍流场中液－液分散和滴内传质的非稳态过程。结果表明，Ｓａｎｔｅｒ平均滴 径随时间的变化可以用滴群平衡方程和简化的液滴破碎函数和聚合函数描述．分散初 始阶段并且分散相存留量较低时，可以略去聚合项，液滴破碎过程可以简化为等体积的 二分裂过程。滴内传质可以用Ｄａｎｃｋｗｅｒｔｓ表面更新理论描述，界面更新速率在数值上 相当于单位时间滴群比表面的更新分数。     

用连续投影悬滴法测定焊条熔滴的表面张力

本文结合手工电弧焊焊接过程的特点,研究设计了在小规范条件下用“连续投影悬滴法”测试焊条熔滴的表面张力,并用卧滴法测试焊条熔渣的表面张力作为其必要的补充。同时,使用上述方法对不锈钢焊条药皮中的钾长石、大理石、萤石和合金粉等对熔滴表面张力的影响进行了试验研究。     

浆滴在下落过程中吸收SO2过程分析

本文建立了液滴下落的数学模型和纯水液滴对SO<,2>吸收的数学模型,讨论了各种因素对液滴下落过程的影响.在对纯水液滴对SO<,2>吸收的研究过程中,确定了气相传质系数和液相传质系数的选取.本文对浆滴呼吸收SO<,2>的过程进行了分析并对浆滴和液滴吸收SO<,2>的不同效果进行了比较.     

液固撞击的非线性波动模型的研究

推导了和于研究液固撞击问题的非线性波动模型，并将其应用于水锤过程及球形液滴与刚性固体平面法向撞击过程的数值分析。通过对水锤过程的模拟分析，给出了液固接触面压力随时间的分布；对球形液滴与刚性固体平面撞击过程的模拟，给出了不同时间液固接触面上无量纲压力分布，以及液滴内无量纲压力的等值线。结果表明，非线性波动模型可以给出详细的液固撞击过程的各物理参量，为液滴侵蚀固体表面问题的研究提供了可靠的依据。结果与精确解吻合良好，从而对非线性波动模型进行了验证。     

液滴与水平壁面碰撞力的数值研究

为探究叶轮机械内部液滴与固壁之间碰撞引起的壁面磨损破坏的机理,采用流体体积方法,数值研究液滴直径、碰撞速度和液滴与壁面之间的接触角对液滴与壁面碰撞的瞬态碰撞力发展变化的影响。研究结果表明,液滴与壁面之间的接触角对液滴碰撞过程中的碰撞力几乎没有影响,但对于不同雷诺数和韦伯数下的液滴,其与静止壁面的碰撞力按液滴直径的2.118次方和速度的1.761次方正则化后,碰撞力的无量纲时间曲线基本重合,且碰撞力峰值出现的无量纲时刻为0.26,即同样直径的液滴,碰撞速度越大,到达碰撞力峰值所用时间越短,对同样速度的液滴,液滴直径越大,则液滴到达碰撞力峰值所用时间越长。     

金属熔滴气动按需喷射特性试验研究

利用自行研制的气动式金属熔滴按需喷射系统进行了单颗熔滴的喷射特性试验研究,并采用动态压力采集系统和频闪拍摄系统测量了产生单颗熔滴时的坩埚腔内气压变化,记录了熔滴成形时刻和成形过程,揭示了气压对熔滴产生的影响规律:在每一次喷射中,产生熔滴的数目随着脉冲宽度的增加而增加;单颗熔滴的断裂时间受气压的影响;脉冲宽度在一定范围内改变可以使液体断裂形成单颗熔滴,当供给气压相对较低时,此脉冲宽度的取值范围较广;在喷射产生单颗熔滴的前提下,改变脉冲宽度将使腔内气压的峰值发生变化,但不能显著改变熔滴尺寸;熔滴飞行速度与腔内气压峰值成正比关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-