有机蒙脱土的制备及其结构表征

为增加蒙脱土与有机相的相容性,制备有机蒙脱土,并观察蒙脱土的层状结构在有机化前后的变化.以钠基蒙脱土为原料,用季铵盐、有机胺和复合试剂作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土层间的Na+交换,制备出一系列有机蒙脱土,并对其结构进行表征.FTIR证明有机插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间.XRD结果表明蒙脱土的层间距由1.2 nm增加到1.7～4.2 nm.TEM观察也表明蒙脱土的层间距增大,粒层厚度约为50 nm左右.研究结果表明选择高交换容量的钠基蒙脱土和合适的插层剂,制备的有机蒙脱土层间距增加明显.     

研钵研磨法氨基功能化改性蒙脱土

以钠基蒙脱土为基体、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)为改性剂,采用研钵研磨法、溶液搅拌法、微波加热法制备了有机改性蒙脱土,通过FT-IR、XRD、TG、SEM、UV-Vis等分析方法,对改性前后的蒙脱土样品进行了研究.结果表明:研钵研磨法能够实现对蒙脱土的氨基化合物的插层改性;相比于溶液搅拌法、微波加热法,研钵研磨法改性效果更好;经研钵研磨法改性后,钠基蒙脱土(001)面层间距由未改性时的1.07nm增加到2.42nm;研钵研磨法制备的有机蒙脱土上有机物负载率最高,700℃下失重率达16%;经研钵研磨法改性的蒙脱土在有机介质中的分散性和稳定性最好.     

聚苯胺蒙脱土导电复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用电化学聚合法制备了插层聚苯胺钠基蒙脱土复合材料.探讨了复合材料前躯体插层苯胺-钠基蒙脱土的制备过程,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学方法对复合材料的形貌结构和性能进行了表征.XRD结果表明,经苯胺插层后钠基蒙脱土的层间距明显增大,插层苯胺经电化学聚合后,其层间距仍比纯钠基蒙脱土层间距大,但小于苯胺插层的钠基蒙脱土.SEM照片表明,经电化学聚合后,钠基蒙脱土复合材料的致密程度高于未经电化学聚合的钠基蒙脱土的致密度.由插层聚苯胺-钠基蒙脱土复合材料修饰的电极对甲醇的电化学氧化和铁氰化钾的氧化还原具有优异的电催化性能.     

PMMA/MT纳米复合材料的研究

用烷基铵盐对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,使其成为有机蒙脱土.X射线衍射(XRD)表明有机阳离子同钠离子发生离子交换作用,导致层间距扩大.制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,测试了力学性能、阻燃性能.通过XRD、DSC等手段研究了结构与性能,并与纯PMMA进行了对比.实验结果表明:PMMA可以插层于蒙脱土片层之中,得到共混物的力学性能和耐热性都有所提高.     

蒙脱土对PEO-PDMS基聚合物电解质的性能影响

分别将钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)引入到聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷(PEO-PDMS)聚合物电解质体系中,通过溶液浇铸法制备得到新型蒙脱土复合聚合物电解质材料.适量加入蒙脱土,可有效降低聚合物体系的结晶度,提高聚合物电解质的电导率,室温下样品Na-MMT-6%电导率达到2.24×10-5 S/cm.同时,蒙脱土质量分数的增高还有利于聚合物电解质体系的热稳定性及力学性能的提高.此外,由于有机改性蒙脱土片层间距较钠基蒙脱土大,因此相同添加量下,二者对聚合物电解质的材料性能的影响存在差异.      

二氨基二苯甲烷/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

用镍离子交换树脂将钠基蒙脱土转化为镍基蒙脱土，在不同的溶剂配比条件下引入4，4′-二氨基二苯甲烷配体，使镍离子与有机胺仵蒙脱土层间进行配位反应，制备出蒙脱土纳米复合体，并对其结构进行表征．XRD结果表明蒙脱土的层间距在引入有机配体后由1．178nm变为1．519nm．漫反射光谱结果显示蒙脱土层间引入有机配体后峰位发生明显偏移．热分析结果显示有机配体引入蒙脱土层间后，其热效应发生了较大改变，增加了2个吸热峰．     

4,4''''-二氨基二苯甲烷固化环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

首次采用离子交换法直接用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土,制备出具有理想层间距的有机土,X射线衍射(XRD)分析的结果表明有机蒙脱土的层间距由1.49nm扩大到2.21nm.然后制备了环氧树脂/DDM/MMT纳米复合材料,并用XRD研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层、剥离行为.研究表明,蒙脱土含量及环氧树脂与有机土的混合温度和时间均对固化后复合材料的剥离产生影响,只有在特定条件下才能得到剥离型纳米复合材料.     

4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷固化环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

首次采用离子交换法直接用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土,制备出具有理想层间距的有机土,X射线衍射(XRD)分析的结果表明有机蒙脱土的层间距由1.49nm扩大到2.21nm.然后制备了环氧树脂/DDM/MMT纳米复合材料,并用XRD研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层、剥离行为.研究表明,蒙脱土含量及环氧树脂与有机土的混合温度和时间均对固化后复合材料的剥离产生影响,只有在特定条件下才能得到剥离型纳米复合材料.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵直接处理钙基蒙脱土

采用离子交换法直接用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土, 成功制备出理想的有机蒙脱土, 经红外光谱分析（FTIR）、 差热分析（DTA）和X射线晶体衍射(XRD)分析等测试手段表征. 研究了蒙脱土处理方式、 离子交换时间和次数对有机蒙脱土结构的影响. 结果表明, 有机蒙脱土的层间距由1.49　nm扩大到2.21　nm.     

磷酸胆碱有机改性层状硅酸盐阻燃剂的制备和表征

以具有高热稳定性的磷酸基类脂化合物(磷酸胆碱)为插层剂，通过对钠基蒙脱土进行有机改性制备新型层状硅酸盐阻燃剂.利用红外光谱、热重分析和X-射线衍射等手段对所制阻燃剂进行表征，并将其用于环氧树脂的阻燃.结果表明：磷酸胆碱成功插入到钠基蒙脱土中，并且使蒙脱土的层间距从1.210 nm扩大到1.445 nm.将所制备的新型阻燃剂按质量分数1%、3%、5%、7%添加到环氧树脂中，所得样品的氧指数均高于纯环氧树脂，且阻燃剂添加质量分数为5%时，氧指数最大，相比不添加阻燃剂时提高了12.2%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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