锂改性Pd/C催化剂及其乙炔氢氯化催化性能

以活性炭为载体,LiCl溶液和PdCl——2溶液为改性剂和活性组分前驱体,分别用共浸渍法和分步浸渍法制备了Li改性Pd/C催化剂并将其应用于乙炔氢氯化反应,考察了制备方法和助剂负载量对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,制备方法和助剂负载量均会影响催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中的催化活性,LiCl与PdCl——2共浸渍所制备的催化剂,Li负载量为0.5%时催化剂催化性能最佳,乙炔转化率达99%的高活性可维持2 h以上,氯乙烯选择性可达97%.对催化剂进行BET,TG,XRD,TPR,XPS和FT-IR对催化剂表征分析。发现,适量Li添加改性提高了催化剂中活性组分钯物种的分散度,减少了催化剂表面积碳的生成,抑制了钯活性组分的还原,从而改善了催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

稳定化ZrO2超微粉体的制备及其催化CO氧化反应性能

采用凝胶—超临界流体干燥工艺制备无团聚ZrO2(CaO)超微粉体，考察ZrO2(CaO)及M/ZrO2(CaO)催化剂对CO完全氧化反应的催化活性．研究发现，超临界流体干燥可以有效地防止凝胶干燥过程中硬团聚体的生成，从而获得高比表面积、大孔体积、小粒径且具有良好单分散性能的ZrO2(CaO)粉体．作为催化剂活性组分及裁体，超微ZrO2(CaO)在CO完全氧化反应中表现出优良的性能．未担载任何活性组分的超微ZrO2(CaO)是CO完全氧化反应的高温催化剂，其50％转化温度约为280℃，100％转化温度为550℃；以超微ZrO2(CaO)粉体作裁体，担载Ni，Cu和Pd的负载型催化剂对CO低温氧化表现出较高的催化活性．     

可商业化催化剂Cu/γ-Al2O3的制备和活性研究

用浸渍法制备出低成本的可商业化的Cu/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂，催化剂在NH₃做还原剂下对NO有良好的活性。研究了Cu负载量和煅烧温度对催化剂结构和催化活性的影响，借助XRD和N₂吸附法对催化剂的晶体结构、比表面积和平均孔径进行了表征；以NH₃为还原剂，NO转化率为活性评价指标，对所制备催化剂进行了选择催化还原反应研究。结果表明：Cu负载量对催化活性有影响，而煅烧温度的影响不大。煅烧温度为723K，Cu负载量为质量分数10%时，催化剂的活性最高。     

合成气制甲醇铜基催化剂CuO/ZnO/KIT-6的制备与表征

以KIT-6为载体,采用浸渍法制备了新型的CuO/ZnO/KIT-6催化剂,通过TEM、XRD、N2-吸附脱附等方法对催化剂的结构形貌进行了表征,探究了活性组分CuO/ZnO在KIT-6载体上的分散状态。在此基础上,考察了CuO/ZnO/KIT-6催化剂在合成气制甲醇反应中的催化活性和热稳定性。研究发现,KIT-6载体具有立方Ia3d孔结构以及开放有序的孔道,可在一定程度上抑制活性组分粒子的生长,从而使活性组分CuO/ZnO在载体的表面和孔道中均匀分散,且晶粒尺寸较小。催化性能结果表明,与常规SiO2颗粒载体相比,以介孔KIT-6为载体的催化剂显示出更高的催化活性。此外,CuO/ZnO/KIT-6表现出较好的热稳定性。这是由于CuO/ZnO活性组分以极小的尺寸高度分散在了KIT-6载体的表面和孔道中,有效改善了传统CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂活性组分在高温下容易发生烧结的现状,提高了催化剂的稳定性。     

负载型Sb催化剂在Baeyer—Villiger反应中的应用研究

采用浸渍法制备了新型负载型SbR／SBA-15及SbF3／F—SBA-15非均相催化剂,考察了不同载体、活性组分的负载量等对金刚烷酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应的影响,同时对反应条件进行了优化．当反应温度为70℃,反应7h,反应底物与催化剂最佳摩尔比为1：0．4时,在系列具有不同sbR负载量的SbR／F—SBA-15催化剂中,10％-sbR／F—SBA-15表现出最佳的催化活性．结合XRD以及BET结果,其活性较高的原因主要归因于载体SBA-15中修饰的F离子能够与活性组分sbR发生相互作用,从而有效提高10％-SbR／F—SBA-15中活性组分与载体的相互作用,进而提高其分散度．     

蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层制备与性能研究

用薄水铝石作为ρ的前驱体、CeO2—ZrO2—La2O3、扩孔剂等助剂制备蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层，研究了涂层表观粘度、固含量与载体负载量的关系、组分颗粒在涂层中的粒径分布．得到了用浸渍法制备蜂窝载体催化剂涂层的规律；发现一浸量＞二浸量＞三浸量；低粘度涂层以小颗粒为主，涂层液颗粒分布为窄分布；高粘度有利于提高载体的负载量，涂层颗粒粒径主要以微米级为主，涂层液颗粒分布为宽分布．     

PANI/Fe-杭锦2~#土催化剂对乙酸的光催化降解研究

首先采用Fe掺杂杭锦2~#土为载体,聚苯胺(PANI)为活性组分,使用原位聚合法制备了PANI/Fe-杭锦2~#土负载型光催化剂,采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电能谱(XPS)、氮气吸附脱附(N_2-BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和固体紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对催化剂进行表征.选用乙酸为降解物考察催化剂的催化活性及稳定性.探究了催化剂中PANI活性组分负载量、反应光源及催化剂用量等反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响.实验结果表明,室温可见光下,使用0.07 g用量的PANI负载量为5%的催化剂,对10 mL初始浓度为80 mg·L~(-1)的乙酸溶液反应6 h后其降解率达到62.3%,表现出较好的催化活性.     

Pd/CuO-Ce0.5Mn0.5O2催化氧化合成葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯

用柠檬酸络合法制备了掺杂铈锰复合金属氧化物载体,采用沉淀法负载活性组分钯得到催化剂Pd/CuO-Ce0.5Mn0.5O2,用XRD、SEM和XPS对催化剂结构进行了表征分析,考察了不同CuO掺入量对葡甲苷的伯羟基选择氧化合成葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯的催化活性的影响.结果表明,CuO的掺入对载体的孔结构及活性组分在载体表面的分散都得到了不同程度的改善;Ce-Cu-Mn的协同作用有利于提高Pd的氧化还原性能.当CuO添加量为9％及Pd负载量为0.5％时,葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯的总收率可达90％.     

Pt/GAC催化剂的制备及催化氧化冷凝废水研究

以H2PtCl6·6H2O为前驱体,颗粒活性炭为载体,采用乙二醇还原法制备Pt/GAC催化剂,并用于催化氧化冷凝废水.实验结果表明,当催化剂活性组分Pt负载量为1.5%、焙烧温度为350 ℃、NaOH与Pt的物质的量的比为6∶ 1条件下制备的催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在反应温度40 ℃和常压条件下,催化剂投加量为13.33 g/L和反应时间为2 h,冷凝废水中85%以上的乙醇被氧化,而且催化剂重复使用6次后,冷凝废水中80%以上的乙醇可被氧化,其催化活性仍然达到80%以上.该种条件下制备的催化剂粒径约为5～15 nm,活性组分Pt以Pt0的形式在载体表面均匀分布.     

类水滑石负载铜基催化剂的CO还原NO催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT型类水滑石,再负载不同比例的Cu O,得到一系列Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析(LRS)、N2吸附脱附分析(BET)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in situ DRIFTS)对样品表征,并且通过CO还原NO研究不同Cu O负载量的催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:8%Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT中的活性组分Cu O有较好的分散性,催化剂的还原能力最强,催化活性最好。NO转化率在200℃下就能达到100%,同时也具有较高的选择性,230℃下N2选择性达到100%。当负载量为5%时,负载的Cu O占据了载体表面一些活性位点,使得催化活性和选择性均比未负载的效果更差。当负载量8%的时候,随着负载的Cu O量的增加,Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O的前驱体表面的活性位点被Cu O慢慢地覆盖,比表面积减小,使得催化活性下降,还原能力降低,最终达到负载阀值时,尽管Cu O的负载量仍然在增加,但是催化剂的活性和选择性均保持不变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.