复合电沉积Fe-Ni-Mo合金箔

在酸性硫酸盐-氯化物-柠檬酸盐复合镀液体系中电沉积Fe-Ni-Mo合金箔,探讨了电沉积的工艺条件及镀液组成对合金箔组成的影响规律,确定复合镀液组成为:硫酸镍120~180g/L,氯化镍40g/L,硫酸亚铁30~80g/L,Mo粉10~30g/L,硼酸30g/L,柠檬酸钠100~150g/L,抗坏血酸15g/L,糖精3g/L,表面活性剂1g/L,聚乙二醇2 g/L,pH值为2.5.通过SEM、XRD和EDS的分析表明:合金箔表面平整光滑,结构致密,表面无明显孔洞和裂纹,随Mo含量增大,合金箔平整性下降,表面粗糙度也增大;合金箔为FeNi置换固溶体和面心立方晶体结构,钼是以微粒相进入FeNi固溶体;合金箔的织构主要为(111)、(200)晶面,合金箔介于晶态与非晶态之间的纳米晶合金.     

工艺参数对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层沉积速率的影响

用电沉积的方法在铜表面制备了Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层,研究了不同的工艺参数,包括阴极电流密度、镀液中纳米SiC悬浮量、镀液pH值、镀液温度和搅拌速度对复合镀层的沉积速率的影响。结果表明:在实验电流范围内,镀层的沉积速率随着阴极电流密度的增大呈线性上升的趋势;随着镀液中纳米颗粒悬浮量、镀液pH值及搅拌速度的增大而增大,当达到一定值时,又开始下降;随着镀液温度升高,逐步降低。最佳参数为:不烧焦镀层前提下的最大电流,纳米颗粒体积质量为5 g/L,pH值3.5～4.0,温度30℃,搅拌速度为中高速。     

光亮微晶态镍铁合金箔电沉积

在氯化物-硫酸盐体系中, 采用电沉积的方法制得了光亮Ni-Fe二元合金箔. 研究了Ni2 与Fe2 的摩尔比(n(Ni2 )/n(Fe2 ))及Cl-、硼酸、柠檬酸、糖精和十二烷基硫酸钠对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔的铁含量和电流效率的影响规律. 当电流密度为10～13 A/dm2, pH值为3.17, 温度为50～55 ℃, 时间为10 min时, 得到了Fe含量(质量分数)为23.2%～63.0%, Ni含量为37.0%～76.8%, 厚度为30 μm左右的纳米微晶态Ni-Fe合金箔镀层. X射线衍射结果表明: 合金箔为NiFe固溶体织构, 晶粒细化, 属于纳米微晶体;合金箔表面光亮平滑;显微硬度(HR30T)为17.2～19.5, 抗拉强度为779.66 Mpa, 延伸率为1%, 电阻率为29.56～62.99 μΩ·cm, 其具有较强的韧性和耐腐蚀性能.     

水溶液中电沉积Fe-Nd-P合金的研究

采用恒电流沉积法，在含有NdCl3的酸性镀液中获得了不同Nd含量的Fe-Nd-P合金镀层．利用电子显微分析、能谱分析研究了镀层的形貌及成分．测得从H3PO3镀液中获得Fe-Nd-P合金镀层中稀土元素Nd的质量分数高达71．51％．通过测试镀层的沉积速率，研究了水溶液电沉积Fe—Nd—P工艺中金属盐、络舍剂浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值、温度等对镀层沉积速率的影响，确定了最佳镀液配方及工艺条件．     

因瓦合金箔电沉积的制备及其微观结构和耐蚀性

在含有复配稳定剂和添加剂的高铁硫酸盐氯化物电解液中,电沉积得到因瓦合金箔。研究电沉积过程中对合金箔组成的影响因素以及合金箔的耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明:电解液组成、电流密度、温度及pH值对合金箔组成的影响较大;在阴、阳极面积比为1.0∶2.0,镍、铁阳极面积比为1.8∶1.0的条件下,因瓦合金箔组成稳定,Fe的质量分数为(64±2)%;合金箔晶粒细小,尺寸均匀,结构紧密,表面光滑平整,无孔洞和裂纹,呈铁镍固溶体和面心立方晶体结构,表现出较强的(111)和(200)晶面择优取向;因瓦合金箔分别在10%硫酸溶液、10%氢氧化钠溶液和3.5%氯化钠溶液中钝化稳定,钝化电位较宽,表现出良好的耐蚀性能。     

Ni Co Cr合金共沉积工艺

通过线性扫描、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱分析,研究了柠檬酸镀液中Ni-Co-Cr合金共沉积的电化学行为,并利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,Cr3+与Ni2+,Co2+离子有相互促进放电、加速共沉积的作用,Co为异常沉积.当添加剂为10 g/L,糖精为1 g/L,p H值为2.5,镀液温度为30℃时,阴极极化较大,有利于得到Cr含量高的Ni-Co-Cr合金镀层.所得镀层表面光亮平整,为非晶态结构.     

电沉积FeCoNiCr高熵合金镀层工艺参数优化

利用正交实验方法研究了电流密度、镀液温度、镀液pH值等工艺参数和硫酸铬含量对镀层沉积速率和Cr含量的影响程度。确定了最佳工艺参数为电流密度25 A/dm~2,温度为20℃,pH值为2.5,硫酸铬浓度200 g/L。利用SEM、EDS和XRD对合金镀层表面形貌、成分和微观结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,FeCoNiCr高熵合金镀层为非晶态结构,且镀层平整、光亮、成分均匀,镀层成分(原子分数)为:Fe 22.53%～26.21%,Co 23.65%～28.56%,Ni 19.53%～26.86%,Cr 23.07%～28.60%。FeCoNiCr高熵合金镀层在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中,自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度分别为-0.45 V、1.73×10~(-6) A/cm~2,比真空热压烧结的CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层的自腐蚀电位(-1.08 V)高、自腐蚀电流密度(9.44×10~(-6)A/cm~2)低,因此电镀方法制备的FeCoNiCr高熵合金镀层耐腐蚀性更优。     

电沉积条件对Ti/Sb-SnO_2/β-PbO_2电极性能的影响

采用电沉积法镀制Ti/Sb-SnO2/β-PbO2电极,研究电沉积时间、镀液温度、pH值、NaF浓度,以及电流密度等因素对电极催化活性和稳定性的影响规律.结果表明,当电沉积时间为1 h,镀液温度为60℃,镀液pH值为1,NaF浓度为0.04 mol.L-1,组合电流密度为600/400 A.m-2(梯度电流密度)时,电极性能最佳,对苯酚降解率达91.4%,强化寿命为23 h.     

铝合金表面电镀镍的耐腐蚀性能

在铝合金表面电镀镍,考察镀液温度、电流密度和镀液pH值等因素对镀层耐蚀性能的影响,获得最佳电镀条件下的镍镀层.选择3.50%NaCl溶液作为腐蚀介质,采用稳态阳极极化曲线法研究镀层的耐蚀性能.用SEM和XRD研究镍镀层在腐蚀前后的微观结构和表观形貌的变化.结果表明镀镍的最佳工艺条件为温度50℃、电流密度30mA/cm2、镀液pH值3.82.XRD测试表明镍镀层的结构为立方晶系,晶面择优取向为(111),腐蚀前后晶面择优取向不变,但(111)晶面的织构系数由35.35%增至61.73%,说明低指数晶面(111)具有较好的耐蚀性能.SEM测试表明最佳条件下制备的半光亮镍镀层均匀致密,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

超声波对电沉积Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层的影响

采用超声-电沉积方式制备Ni-Al2O3复合镀层.并利用硬度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究超声波对镀层性能的影响.结果表明,最佳工艺为超声波频率f=19 kHz,超声波功率P=160 W;电流密度4 A/dm2,镀液中Al2O3颗粒浓度30 g/L,镀液pH值4.5,温度40℃.适当超声波作用下电沉积获得的复合镀层致密、平整,Al2O3颗粒在镀层中的分布状况有较大程度的改善.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.