单拱四车道公路隧道施工方法的三维数值研究

单拱四车道公路隧道由于跨度特大、断面形状扁平、施工方法复杂,造成其在施工过程中应力分布不均匀,拱脚应力集中,从而极易导致围岩发生失稳乃至坍塌.利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D对单拱四车道隧道在不同围岩条件下采用不同施工方法的施工动态过程进行三维数值模拟,得到了各种施工方法下隧道围岩应力、位移和塑性区的力学特征.通过比较分析这些力学特征,得出了不同围岩条件下最合适的施工方法.     

单拱大断面偏压隧道衬砌模型试验分析

模型试验方法分析大断面隧道衬砌结构的受力特性是一种比较实用的方法.以单拱四车道隧道为依托,按弹性阶段相似原则进行偏压条件下单孔大断面隧道衬砌破坏的室内模型试验,研究不同围岩条件下,隧道衬砌的破坏机制.试验通过千斤项加载的方式,模拟偏压条件下,不同围岩级别条件下的隧道衬砌的破坏行为,得到隧道模型的围岩及衬砌之间的接触压力...     

浅埋扁平超大断面隧道断面优化设计研究

对于超大断面浅埋扁平隧道,合理的扁平率设计对于隧道围岩稳定性和隧道建设的经济性至关重要.采用大型数值分析软件ANSYS,对重庆轨道交通5号线3标超大断面浅埋扁平隧道在5种不同扁平率下的断面形式进行了参数化设计;通过不同扁平率下隧道围岩的变形和隧道结构受力情况进行分析,以层次分析法为优化分析理论基础,对影响扁平隧道结构稳定性的开挖面积、拱顶下沉、地表沉降、初支弯矩等目标值进行优化,并将计算结果与现场监测数据进行对比分析.最终确定了依托工程最优扁平率为0.63,为此类工程断面优化设计提供借鉴.     

应力剪胀对浅埋隧道稳定性系数的影响

考虑剪胀对隧道围岩稳定性的影响,对浅埋圆形盾构隧道、浅埋两车道公路隧道和浅埋双线铁路隧道在围岩发生塑性流动时进行力学特征分析.分析圆形盾构隧道围岩的位移,塑性区分布和最大剪切应变率;计算圆形断面、双线铁路隧道、双车道公路隧道等3 种不同断面形状隧道的稳定性系数,分析剪胀角对围岩稳定性系数的影响.研究结果表明剪胀角对围岩位移的影响存在一个临界值;在围岩发生塑性流动时,塑性区随着剪胀角的增大而逐渐增加;剪胀角对围岩剪切破坏带和围岩稳定性系数都有较大影响;随着剪胀角的变化,隧道临界稳定系数也发生变化.     

龙头山双洞八车道高速公路隧道洞口段核心土临时支撑拆除方案研究

当前,我国现阶段的四车道大断面公路隧道建设既无成熟的经验可参考,又无规范可参照,特别是大断面隧道洞口段临时支撑的拆除,尤为重要,稍有不慎,极易引起坍塌,可能造成严重的生命及财产损失。本文以龙头山双洞八车道高速公路隧道为依托,借助数值计算方法,重点分析了隧道洞口段临时钢支撑拆除的不同长度对围岩、隧道结构的影响,并结合现场施工情况,提出了大断面隧道洞口段临时支撑适宜的拆除长度,为类似特大断面公路隧道洞口段的施工提供参考。     

连霍高速杏花村1号大跨扁平超大断面隧道开挖方案研究

为研究大跨扁平超大断面隧道围岩和支护结构受力变形影响,以连霍高速杏花村1号隧道为工程背景,采用有限元软件FLAC3D对V级围岩进行数值模拟,对双侧壁导坑法和三台阶四部开挖法在隧道开挖时的位移、塑性区、初期支护应力的影响规律进行了研究,提出适用于大跨扁平超大断面隧道不同地质条件下安全经济的开挖方法。对比分析结果表明：隧道开挖时,采用三台阶四部开挖法的隧道拱顶位移、临时支护结构的应力、隧道岩体周边位移较采用双侧壁导坑法大。双侧壁导坑法安全性更高,对围岩位移的控制效果更好,为今后此类工程的施工提供经验和理论指导。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟公路山岭隧道IV级围岩段仰拱优化分析

为探究公路隧道设计中,仰拱的优化对于改善隧道的受力和变形条件的影响。以三车道Ⅳ2级围岩段隧道为研究对象,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,采用Hoek-Brown屈服准则,对替代仰拱的新型支护方案进行了分析,并结合赤承高速公路的典型隧道断面,现场监测了锚杆轴力、初衬压力以及二衬与初衬的接触压力等项目。本文通过对现场监测数据与数值模拟进行分析,提出Ⅳ2级围岩下替代仰拱的条件,底部加基础梁的新型支护体系下隧道整体稳定性满足要求,研究成果可以为其它类似工程提供借鉴与指导。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟公路山岭隧道Ⅳ级围岩段仰拱优化分析

探究公路隧道设计中,仰拱的优化对于改善隧道的受力和变形条件的影响。以三车道Ⅳ2级围岩段隧道为研究对象,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,采用Hoek-Brown屈服准则,对替代仰拱的新型支护方案进行了分析,并结合赤承高速公路的典型隧道断面,现场监测了锚杆轴力、初衬压力以及二衬与初衬的接触压力等项目。通过对现场监测数据与数值模拟进行分析,提出Ⅳ_2级围岩下替代仰拱的条件,底部加基础梁的新型支护体系下隧道整体稳定性满足要求,研究成果可以为其他类似工程提供借鉴与指导。     

公路大跨度扁平隧道掘进钻爆设计与施工控制

从开挖方法、钻爆设计、钻爆作业、大断面扁平隧道施工控制措施等方面出发，介绍了不同围岩类别的公路大跨度扁平隧道掘进、钻爆设计方案及施工要点。     

深埋三车道大断面隧道二次衬砌厚度优化分析

为了研究合理的二次衬砌支护参数,以陕西省宝鸡到汉中高速公路铁佛殿1号隧道工程为例,通过运用MIDAS软件建立数值计算模型的方法,对Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩条件下的深埋三车道隧道二次衬砌进行数值模拟分析,并对不同的二次衬砌厚度进行了安全系数计算。结果表明:深埋三车道大断面隧道Ⅳ级围岩二衬厚度优化至设计值75%、Ⅴ级围岩优化至设计值80%时,隧道结构安全系数满足规范要求。可见目前的公路隧道设计规范对于二次衬砌厚度的规定偏于保守,对于一般情况的隧道设计,有必要进一步减薄优化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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