微电网孤岛运行的主从控制策略研究

为实现微电网孤岛运行时多个分布式电源的协调控制,提出主从控制策略。即主分布式电源采用阿控制。为微电网提供稳定的电压和频率;从分布式电源采用P-Q控制,使可再生能源得到充分应用,从而使微电网孤岛运行具有良好的稳态和动态性能．MATLAB仿真结果表明,主从控制策略能使各分布式电源之间较好地协调,满足了系统电压和频率的要求．     

基于改进正交优化群智能算法的分布式电源规划

分布式电源(DG)的选址和定容是微电网的重要组成部分,通过建立以有功网损、电压偏移量、DG投资与运行成本为目标的多目标优化模型,提出了一种改进正交优化群智能算法对分布式电源进行规划.将分布式电源规划应用于正交试验中,并且在正交试验的DG容量方差分析中加入方差比例分析,为DG的规划提供搜索方向和搜索范围,寻求最优解.最后通过实际算例仿真计算并与遗传算法相比较,验证了该算法的有效性和优异性,为分布式电源的规划提供了新的思路.     

含多分布式电源的孤岛微电网改进下垂控制策略

含多分布式电源并联运行的孤岛微电网,由于各线路阻抗差异,采用下垂控制策略无法实现无功功率合 理分配。为此,提出一种自调节虚拟阻抗下垂控制策略,通过无功功率调整虚拟阻抗,在不检测线路阻抗参数 的情况下补偿阻抗差异引起的输出电压差异,使各逆变器输出无功功率均等分配或按容量比分配。在Matlab / Simulink 中搭建含有两个分布式电源并联运行的孤岛微电网仿真模型,在两种情况下验证了改进下垂控制策略 能实现无功功率均分和按容量比分配。     

微电网主从控制建模仿真

考虑到微电网内分布式电源和负荷所具有的分散性,根据分布式电源的类型以及与储能装置的不同组合方式,采用不同的控制策略分别进行了相应控制器的设计.基于下垂特性的Droop控制可实现负荷功率变化时不同分布式电源间变化功率的共享,而电压/频率(V/f)控制和Droop控制均可在微电网孤岛运行时为微电网系统提供频率支撑;PQ控制可根据实际运行情况实现分布式电源有功和无功功率的指定控制.根据不同电源特性针对性地采用不同控制技术组合,并对微电网孤岛运行模式和并网运行模式之间切换的运行特性进行分析,获得了微电网中相应分布式电源的功率、电压、电流及系统频率的变化规律,证明了PQ-V/f以及PQ-Droop综合控制策略的正确性和有效性.     

混合微电网能量优化配置及影响因素灵敏度分析

为了对分布式电源进行合理配置,以满足分布式发电(DG)系统的供电可靠性和经济性,针对光伏和风机出力波动对系统的影响,在考虑控制策略的前提下提出一种独立运行混合微电网经济模型。通过对目标函数的优化确定微电源的最优容量,以确保系统满足供电可靠性约束的同时保证其经济性。选取广西某山区一独立微电网为实例进行优化设计,应用HOMER软件对该系统进行仿真以验证经济模型的合理性,并对算例在不同空气污染惩罚、柴油价格、年均日照强度、年均风速以及设备投资成本变化等条件下的优化配置结果进行灵敏度分析,围绕系统的污染排放、经济性和供电可靠性进行灵敏度分析。     

基于电压源逆变器的微电网控制策略

微电网技术能够解决分布式能源的大规模接入问题,需要解决的关键问题是如何实现多个分布式电源的协调控制;文章采用下垂控制与倒下垂控制相结合的综合控制策略,使微电网在无通信线路情况下实现并网和孤立运行2种模式的无缝切换,该控制方式提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性,实现了分布式电源的控制,最后通过Matlab/simulink验证了低压微电网系统采用该控制策略的可行性.     

基于混合储能的微电网建模与仿真

微电网的建模仿真中,分布式电源种类多种多样且输出特性各异,由传统的简易微电源模型所构成的微电网平台很难对现今微电网的研究进行仿真.针对以上情况,搭建了包含分布式电源为光伏并网逆变器,PCS1(带超级电容器)以及PCS2(带蓄电池)的微电网系统并对其工作过程进行了仿真,为进一步研究微电网提供了良好的仿真平台.     

基于可靠性的低压配电系统微网群划分研究

随着国家鼓励分布式发电政策的颁布和实施,越来越多的分布式电源以户用型微电网的形式接入到配电网中。户用微电网的建设实现了分布式电源的就地消纳,显著提供了低压配电系统的供电可靠性。然而,在故障状态下,户用微电网孤岛运行模式却未充分利用相应的分布式资源。为解决这一问题,首先提出了含分布式电源的户用微网群划分指标——可孤岛概率;然后,基于该指标构建了户用微网群的最优划分模型,分析了其目标函数和约束条件,并进一步提出了相应的求解方法。最后,算例仿真结果表明:提出的户用微网群的划分模型,可以显著提高低压配电系统的供电可靠性,在配置较少的划分开关下也可达到较为理想的效果。     

基于改进粒子群算法的微电网优化运行

为提高含分布式发电的微电网运行水平,应用基于混沌-模拟退火思想的粒子群算法对微电网的运行进行优化。针对微电网中各分布式电源特性,建立微电网的数学模型,建立了以运行成本和环境效益等运行指标最优为微电网优化运行的目标函数,并应用基于混沌算法结合模拟退火思想的改进粒子群优化算法对微电网多目标优化运行问题进行求解,得到微电网的最优运行方式。采用改进粒子群优化算法对某微电网进行24 h优化运行算例分析,结果表明该方法具有更好的寻优能力和更快的收敛速度。     

基于越限风险评估的分布式光伏电源接入配电网适应性研究

为合理评价现状配电网对规划分布式光伏电源的适应性,针对分布式光伏电源接入配电网引起的电压和潮流越限问题,讨论了典型接入配电网拓扑和接线模式,并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了含分布式光伏电源模型的IEEE34标准节点配电网络系统.考虑到分布式光伏电源的随机出力扰动和负荷波动给配电网运行带来的风险,建立节点电压越限和支路潮流越限风险评估指标模型,分析了相同节点对不同容量电源的接纳能力,重点讨论了分布式光伏电源接入配电网准入容量.以配电网典型实际参数为例进行仿真实验,仿真结果验证了应用风险评估指标模型评估分布式电源接入配电网适应性的合理性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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