紧耦合气雾化制备Al基非晶合金粉末

开展了采用紧耦合气雾化方法制备Al基合金粉末的实验和理论研究.利用X射线衍射仪、差热分析仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了粉末的表面形貌、显微组织和结构特征,根据气雾化过程中熔滴的破碎模式和冷却行为确定了Al基合金的非晶化临界冷却速率及相应粉末粒径.结果表明:气雾化粉末中存在部分非晶粉末,非晶粉末的粒径小于26μm;Al基合金的非晶化临界冷却速率大致为106K.s-1;雾化中熔体的破碎和冷却是两个相互耦合(矛盾)的过程,快速冷却(大于104K.s-1)极大地阻碍熔体的充分雾化,同时熔滴的破碎模式对其冷却行为具有显著的影响.目前紧耦合气雾化技术还只能制得非晶/晶态混合的Al基合金粉末.     

多层喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯热流分析(Ⅰ)--雾化过程热流分析

建立了多层喷射沉积制备管坯的雾化过程热流模型，并对耐热铝合金熔滴在雾化飞行过程中与雾化气流的动能和热能交换进行了计算和分析．计算结果表明：①小直径熔滴在飞行过程中的平均冷却速度较大，其凝固可以在较短时间内完成；②不同直径熔滴飞行过程中的平均冷却速度均随飞行距离的增加而减小；③在0～0．2m的雾化距离内，直径为10～220μm的耐热铝合金熔滴平均冷却速度可以达到10^4K／s以上．     

块体Pd82Si18非晶合金的制备及晶化行为研究

采用玻璃包覆 水淬技术制备了块体Pd82Si18非晶合金．实验结果表明，净化对该熔体的非晶形成能力有很大的影响．通过对深过冷Pd82Si18合金的凝固行为研究发现，当过冷度大于190K时，过冷熔体会出现液相分离现象，热力学分析表明这将降低该过冷熔体的非晶形成能力．该非晶的晶化实验结果显示，与旋铸法制备的Pd82Si18非晶条带不同，块体非晶的晶化过程中出现两个放热峰，同时玻璃转变温度、晶化温度、过冷液相区都有相应的变化．通过分析可知Pd82Si18非晶合金的晶化过程与制备过程中的冷却速率有很重要的联系．     

韦伯数对紧耦合雾化喷嘴初始破碎模式的影响

为了获得韦伯数对紧耦合雾化喷嘴初始破碎模式的影响规律,利用流体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)模型对以水和空气为工质的典型紧耦合环缝型雾化喷嘴的初始破碎过程进行数值模拟,并利用高速摄影技术对数值模拟结果进行实验验证。重点分析韦伯数对紧耦合雾化初始破碎模式、初始破碎长度的影响,以及不同初始破碎模式的内在形成机制和特点。在液体雷诺数为4 500,气体动力韦伯数为70到18 650时,随韦伯数的增加,紧耦合雾化初始破碎模式由韦伯数为70的膜状破碎模式向韦伯数为330的振荡卷吸破碎模式转变,当韦伯数大于1 700时,紧耦合雾化的初始破碎模式转变为完全卷吸破碎模式,其中振荡卷吸破碎模式和典型金属雾化过程中的喷泉状破碎模式类似。初始破碎长度随韦伯数的增加逐渐减小,在韦伯数大于4 560后,基本维持恒定。喷嘴导液管底端存在的卷吸涡状结构会对初始破碎模式产生重要影响,涡状结构在完全卷吸破碎模式时最明显。     

FGH95合金雾化熔滴凝固热学参数数值计算

运用等效热容法对等离子旋转电极雾化（PREP）FGH95高温合金熔滴在冷却凝固过程中的凝固热学参数进行了数值计算，给出了雾化熔滴在凝固过程中固液界面前沿的温度梯度及固液界面移动速率随固相分数的变化关系以及熔滴冷却速率和凝固时间随熔滴尺寸的变化关系。     

钛基大块非晶合金的晶化研究

利用铜模冷却法成功制备直径为12mm的棒状Ti40Zr25Cu9Ni8Be18（原子百分比）大块非晶态合金,X射线衍射（XRD）实验检验样品为完全非晶态。对样品进行差示扫描量热分析（DSC）考查样品的热稳定性,结果显示：过冷液相区宽度（Tg-Tx）、玻璃转变温度（Tg）及约化玻璃转变温度（Tg/Tm）分别为53K、617K和0．65。利用原位X射线测定了非晶样品的晶化过程,结果表明首先是亚稳相析出,最后转变为稳定相。最后利用不同加热速度（5K/min,10K/min,20K/min,40K/min）下的DSC对该非晶合金进行晶化动力学分析,获得了一些有价值的动力学参数。     

Zr基大块非晶合金熔体的流动性与成型性

对Zr基大块非晶合金熔体在铜模中的流动能力进行了理论和实验研究,给出了影响金属熔体在型腔中流动行为的主要因素,为金属熔体快速冷却过程中克服充型和形成非晶态的矛盾奠定了基础．针对某空间结构中的环形零件,制定了合适的铸造工艺,成功制备出了Zr基大块非晶合金环形零件．     

估算单辊甩带法制备镁基非晶薄带的冷却速度

临界冷却速度是表征非晶态合金非晶形成能力的一个重要参数,但是正确地测量和估算非晶态合金形成时的冷却速度却十分困难.结合热传导理论和凝固理论,单辊甩带过程的热传输可以用一维傅立叶热传导方程描述.通过对热传导方程的数学解析求解,具体计算了单辊甩带法制备镁基非晶薄带的冷却速度,得到了铜辊制备50μm厚镁薄带的自由侧在凝固结束时的冷却速度为5.84×106K/s,这与早期人们预测的单辊甩带法的冷却速度相当.     

DSC法研究Ge熔体的过冷及凝固

将DSC技术与助熔剂(B₂O₃)处理技术相结合, 实现并准确测量了Ge熔体的过冷现象. 利用该方法, 实验得到Ge熔体的最大过冷度为190 K. 在实验冷却速率范围内(5~40 K/min), 冷却速度越大, 过冷度越大. 在冷却速率一定的情况下, 所达到的过冷度随熔体过热度的增大而增大, 并逐步趋向于常数. 研究了过冷Ge熔体的凝固现象, 分析了Ge熔体的非等温结晶过程, 冷却速率越大, 则试样完全结晶所需时间越短.     

Co基非晶的形成和晶化

非晶态合金是一类介于晶态和无定型物质之间的特殊材料,在结构上表现为短程有序而长程无序。非晶态合金是新型功能材料研究的热点之一。采用从熔体直接快淬的方法可以生产出一系列非晶态金属材料。由于非晶合金在微观结构上呈现高度无序的玻璃态,因此具有许多不同于普通金属的性能。本文主要研究了Co基非晶态合金的形成和晶化。通过改变甩带速率,考察了冷却速率与非晶形成的关系。对淬态的Co69Fe4.5 Cu1.5Si10B15合金进行了不同温度的真空热处理,并对样品结构进行了分析,得出随退火温度的升高晶粒逐渐长大的结论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to