不同加筋双层板结构隔声特性研究

针对双层板结构隔声性能的分析,很少有对比不同加筋双层板和空腔双层板隔声性能差别的。本文首先分析了夹层为空腔的双层板隔声特性,通过理论、仿真和试验相结合的方法确定选用仿真分析方法的准确性,然后对夹层分别为波纹加筋板和正交加筋板的双层板结构进行隔声特性的分析。对波纹加筋双层板分析时,对比了“全耦合模型”、“声透明模型”和“无内部声腔模型”三种模型隔声曲线的区别。结果表明,三种模型计算的隔声曲线吻合很好,因而可以用“无内部声腔模型”计算。通过对比空腔、波纹加筋和正交加筋双层板的隔声曲线,发现内部加筋对双层板的隔声性能有很大的影响,因而研究了声桥对双层板隔声的影响。结果表明,声桥刚度越大,在频率低时,能抑制两板的共振,增加隔声量,而在频率高时,反而会降低板结构的隔声量。     

不同加筋双层板结构隔声特性的理论、仿真及试验研究

针对双层板结构隔声性能的分析,很少有对比不同加筋双层板和空腔双层板隔声性能差别的。首先分析了夹层为空腔的双层板隔声特性。通过理论、仿真和试验相结合的方法确定选用仿真分析方法的准确性,然后对夹层分别为波纹加筋板和正交加筋板的双层板结构进行隔声特性的分析。对波纹加筋双层板分析时,对比了"全耦合模型"、"声透明模型"和"无内部声腔模型"三种模型隔声曲线的区别。结果表明,三种模型计算的隔声曲线吻合很好;因而可以用"无内部声腔模型"计算。通过对比空腔、波纹加筋和正交加筋双层板的隔声曲线,发现内部加筋对双层板的隔声性能有很大的影响;因而研究了声桥对双层板隔声的影响。结果表明,声桥刚度越大,在频率低时,能抑制两板的共振,增加隔声量;而在频率高时,反而会降低板结构的隔声量。     

声子晶体在空腔板件振动控制中的应用研究

建立了局域共振声子晶体板状结构,在266.1~528.8 Hz频率范围内获得了最大幅值为35 dB的减振特性。对不同布置形式的声子晶体板进行了仿真和试验分析,二者结论基本一致。构建了局域共振声子晶体结构空腔,并结合有限元方法对空腔结构进行模态分析、带隙机理和共振带隙特性分析。得出声子晶体单元的不同布置位置和形式对声子晶体结构空腔的振动固有频率的影响。     

弹性空腔的有限带宽渐近模态分析

本文根据渐近模态分析的思想,引入在有限带宽内进行频率积分的概念,发展成有限带宽渐近模态分析.利用波动方程和结构运动方程,给出结构-声耦合的任意形状弹性空腔声压的基本解,该解由结构和声腔模态的线性组合形式表示,然后按有限带宽渐进模态分析方法,导出了实用的弹性空腔高频噪声预估公式.     

离心风机蜗壳声腔共振声学特性研究

根据蜗壳声腔基频共振的声学特点，将其简化为一集中阻抗系统，得到了蜗壳结构的等效声学模型，在此基础上，推导了蜗壳基频共振频率及共振噪声辐射数学模型，并进行了试验分析与理论计算。     

排气消声器模态分析及降噪性能优化

汽车排气系统的振动和噪声是影响乘坐舒适性的因素之一。为研究排气消声器结构模态和声腔模态对消声器降噪性能的影响规律,建立声学有限元模型计算壳体结构模态和声腔模态,并分析各自振型模态和固有频率之间的关系。结果表明:在低频率范围内,壳体结构模态和声腔模态的固有频率发生耦合共振,导致降噪效果不佳;增加消声器外壳壁厚可提升结构固有频率,降低排气系统振动和辐射噪声水平。     

一种耦合算法的三维弹性空腔声振特性分析

针对三角形单元边界适应性强、位移插值简单、自由度低的特点,利用面积坐标构造了平板三角形单元位移插值函数,以对平板进行了动力学建模分析。此后,为了对三维弹性空腔声振问题进行较高精度的数值分析,弹性板采用三角形单元进行离散处理,而声腔域使用了在声学问题上具有精度高的光滑有限元方法建模。充分考虑结构和声场的耦合作用,建立了该类结构声振分析的一种新模型,并分析了弹性空腔声振特性。通过数值计算对比表明,这种耦合模型计算规模较小、计算结果精确,可进一步应用于形状更复杂的三维弹性空腔声振特性分析中。     

立体声电影院的吸声装置

立体声电影院的音质设计,不仅应满足最佳混响时间T60的要求,而且要达到ISO2969的评价标准。市场上通用的吸声材料常为多孔型和空腔共振型,多孔型吸收峰值在高频段,空腔共振型吸收中低段,各频率吸声系数在0.6以下。因此,选择市场上通用的吸声材料,立体声电影院的音质设计是不可能达标的。文章将上述理论与实践相结合,设计了吸声装置,找到了立体声电影院的音质设计中达标困难的原因。     

利用小波分析技术研究燃烧压力高频振荡

为研究内燃机缸内压力高频振荡的机理以及压力高频振荡对燃烧噪声的影响，利用小波分析提取缸内压力高频成分，确定缸内压力高频振荡出现的范围．用有限元方法计算不同曲轴转角下对应燃烧室空腔声模态，用声响应法测量不同曲轴转角下燃烧室空腔声模态，并对计算值和测量值进行比较和修正．对实测的缸内燃烧压力信号进行了分析．有限元计算结果与模态试验结果较吻合，声模态修正后的结果能很好地解释缸内燃烧压力高频振荡．研究表明，缸内燃烧压力高频振荡是燃烧室空腔共振引起的，燃烧压力高频振荡是影响燃烧噪声的重要因素．     

低温声腔中基于二能级系统与高频泛音相互作用引起的声学声子损失

在晶体中,杂质原子或晶格缺陷形成的二能级系统会对声子产生弹性散射.利用压电晶体作为共振腔的低温声腔中,这种散射过程的存在导致高频泛音的损失.这种散射可以解释为压电晶体中应变场与二能级系统的耦合,并且能够用一个相互作用哈密顿量描述.根据这个相互作用哈密顿量和二阶微扰论,得到了一个基于声子-二能级系统弹性散射的声子损失公式.根据这个公式,得到了声波损失如何受声波频率和环境温度的变化,而这种分析给出了一个合理的损失机制,解释了M.Goryachev等人在2013年对石英体声腔品质因子的测量结果.希望该工作可以为降低低温声腔激发的高频声波损失提供了理论支持.     

基于核四极共振的爆炸模拟物探测研究

针对当前爆炸物探测中存在的突出问题,基于固体物理学相关理论和核四极共振基本原理,给出一种具有本征探测能力的核四极共振爆炸物探测方法. 该方法以爆炸物分子中普遍存在的¹⁴N核为探测对象,探测不同分子结构所具有的不同核四极共振特征信号. 试验测得亚硝酸钠、乌洛托品、尿素和硫脲等几种爆炸模拟物的核四极共振信号. 试验结果表明,该探测方法能本证标识各被探物是一种准确有效的本征探测方法.     

管式抽油泵油管缸套装配自动监控系统的研制

管式抽油泵油管装配过程中,通过测量外管所受扭矩的方法,可以间接测量到油管各节缸套之间的压紧力,这对控制油管装配的质量十分重要.在此基础上,设计了测量扭矩的传感器,采用高性能的数据采集芯片ADuC812为核心研制了一套高性能的缸套装配自动监控系统.     

Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip

Although Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms have been experimentally realizable for several years, their formation and manipulation still impose considerable technical challenges. An all-optical technique that enables faster production of Bose-Einstein condensates was recently reported. Here we demonstrate that the formation of a condensate can be greatly simplified using a microscopic magnetic trap on a chip. We achieve Bose-Einstein condensation inside the single vapour cell of a magneto-optical trap in as little as 700 ms-more than a factor of ten faster than typical experiments, and a factor of three faster than the all-optical technique. A coherent matter wave is emitted normal to the chip surface when the trapped atoms are released into free fall; alternatively, we couple the condensate into an 'atomic conveyor belt', which is used to transport the condensed cloud non-destructively over a macroscopic distance parallel to the chip surface. The possibility of manipulating laser-like coherent matter waves with such an integrated atom-optical system holds promise for applications in interferometry, holography, microscopy, atom lithography and quantum information processing.     

藏红T在核酸分子表面进行长距组装的光谱特征

表征了藏红Ｔ（ＳＴ）在核酸分子表面进行长距组装的共振光散射光谱、电子吸收和发射特征。结果表明,ｐＨ７．０５、离子强度０．００４５下ＳＴ在核酸表面进行的长距组装随着ＳＴ与核酸的摩尔比（Ｒ）不同涉及到两种作用机理,当Ｒ〉１．３时,长距组装表现为紫移的减色效应和荧注猝灭,在３２８．０ｎｍ、４７２．０ｎｍ和５７２。０ｎｍ;Ｒ〈１．３３时,长距组装产物发生离解,具有红移的减色效应、荧光猝灭和微弱的共振光散射     

Crystal structure of the FimD usher bound to its cognate FimC-FimH substrate

Type 1 pili are the archetypal representative of a widespread class of adhesive multisubunit fibres in Gram-negative bacteria. During pilus assembly, subunits dock as chaperone-bound complexes to an usher, which catalyses their polymerization and mediates pilus translocation across the outer membrane. Here we report the crystal structure of the full-length FimD usher bound to the FimC-FimH chaperone-adhesin complex and that of the unbound form of the FimD translocation domain. The FimD-FimC-FimH structure shows FimH inserted inside the FimD 24-stranded β-barrel translocation channel. FimC-FimH is held in place through interactions with the two carboxy-terminal periplasmic domains of FimD, a binding mode confirmed in solution by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. To accommodate FimH, the usher plug domain is displaced from the barrel lumen to the periplasm, concomitant with a marked conformational change in the β-barrel. The amino-terminal domain of FimD is observed in an ideal position to catalyse incorporation of a newly recruited chaperone-subunit complex. The FimD-FimC-FimH structure provides unique insights into the pilus subunit incorporation cycle, and captures the first view of a protein transporter in the act of secreting its cognate substrate.     

Determining multiple length scales in rocks

Carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are believed to contain about half of the world's oil. The processes of sedimentation and diagenesis produce in carbonate rocks microporous grains and a wide range of pore sizes, resulting in a complex spatial distribution of pores and pore connectivity. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to determine by conventional techniques the characteristic pore-length scales, which control fluid transport properties. Here we present a bulk-measurement technique that is nondestructive and capable of extracting multiple length scales from carbonate rocks. The technique uses nuclear magnetic resonance to exploit the spatially varying magnetic field inside the pore space itself--a 'fingerprint' of the pore structure. We found three primary length scales (1-100 microm) in the Middle-East carbonate rocks and determined that the pores are well connected and spatially mixed. Such information is critical for reliably estimating the amount of capillary-bound water in the rock, which is important for efficient oil production. This method might also be used to complement other techniques for the study of shaly sand reservoirs and compartmentalization in cells and tissues.     

Imaging the biogenesis of individual HIV-1 virions in live cells

Observations of individual virions in live cells have led to the characterization of their attachment, entry and intracellular transport. However, the assembly of individual virions has never been observed in real time. Insights into this process have come primarily from biochemical analyses of populations of virions or from microscopic studies of fixed infected cells. Thus, some assembly properties, such as kinetics and location, are either unknown or controversial. Here we describe quantitatively the genesis of individual virions in real time, from initiation of assembly to budding and release. We studied fluorescently tagged derivatives of Gag, the major structural component of HIV-1-which is sufficient to drive the assembly of virus-like particles-with the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and total-internal-reflection fluorescent microscopy in living cells. Virions appeared individually at the plasma membrane, their assembly rate accelerated as Gag protein accumulated in cells, and typically 5-6 min was required to complete the assembly of a single virion. These approaches allow a previously unobserved view of the genesis of individual virions and the determination of parameters of viral assembly that are inaccessible with conventional techniques.     

非正常井眼对气体钻井下部钻具受力影响研究

提出了气体钻井中有井壁坍塌的非正常井眼下部钻具受力影响的研究,根据现场井眼坍塌形状,将该非正常井眼简化为椭圆截面的坍塌井眼,建立了下部钻具有限元分析的力学模型,开发了其有限元分析的ANSYS-APDL程序,可以方便地对钻具进行有限元力学分析。研究了4种非正常井眼情况下,下部钻具的受力情况,得到了钻具在坍塌井眼附近的变形位移、钻具弯矩、钻具内的应力分布大小以及钻头的偏转角等,为气体钻井坍塌井眼的井斜机理研究提供了研究方法和为其防斜打快提供了理论依据。     

采后果实内部温度场的数学模型

以采后山药为例,从传热学的角度研究了其内部的热量传递,将山药假设为长圆柱体,并用有限差分的方法计算出果实内部的温度分布,用动态瞬时温度分布测定系统装置测定了果实内部相应位置的实际温度, 验证了数学模型的可靠性。     

简单直线和U型装配线平衡中的改进阶位法

针对简单直线和U型装配线平衡问题,提出了改进阶位法.依据产品加工的作业元素时间和优先关系,综合考虑作业元素的时间阶位值和位置阶位值,求得综合阶位值.运用改进阶位法对装配线平衡问题求解,得到简单直线、单U型和双U型装配线的生产线平衡结果.结合算例1,对简单直线和U型装配线平衡效果与分枝定界法的结果进行了比较,改进阶位法的结果优于分枝定界法;结合实验算例2,验证了改进阶位法平衡效果好于时间阶位法,因此,改进阶位法是求解装配线平衡问题的有效方法.