西北槌缘叶蜂的生物学特性初探

通过室内饲养结合野外定点观察,对西北槌缘叶蜂的形态特征、生物学特性进行研究.西北槌缘叶蜂在宁夏六盘山林区1 a发生1代,以老熟幼虫在落叶层或草丛中吐丝结茧、预蛹形式越冬.翌年5月上旬开始化蛹,5月中旬始见成虫,5月下旬为成虫羽化盛期.成虫羽化后需进行补充营养,成虫营孤雌生殖,产卵于针叶组织,产卵盛期为6月上旬.6月中旬幼虫大量孵出,啃食华北落叶松针叶,幼虫5龄.7月上旬大量停止取食,下树吐丝结茧越冬.     

桃红颈天牛的发生规律

华北地区 2年发生 1代 ,以幼虫在树干蛀槽内越冬。翌年春三四月间恢复活动 ,在皮层下和木质部钻不规则的隧道 ,并向蛀孔外排出大量红褐色粪便碎屑 ,堆满孔外和树干基部的面。五六月间为害最严重时 ,树干全部被蛀空。幼虫老熟后 ,向外开一排粪孔 ,用分泌物黏结粪便、木屑在隧道内做茧化蛹 ,六七月间成虫羽化后 ,咬孔钻出 ,交配产卵。卵多产于树干基部和主枝的枝衩粗皮缝隙内 ,幼虫孵化后 ,在皮下蛀食、过冬 ,翌年春继续蛀食皮层 ,至七八月间 ,向上往木质部蛀食成弯曲的隧道 ,再经过冬天 ,到第三年五六月间老熟化蛹 ,羽化为成虫。桃红颈天牛的…     

稻水象甲生活习性及发生规律调查研究

稻水象甲是水稻检疫性害虫,在留坝1年发生1代,以成虫越冬。日均气温达12℃时,成虫开始取食杂草,5月下是至6月下旬迁入稻田产卵为害,7月上旬幼虫化蛹,8月上旬成虫羽化并迁入禾本科杂草上越冬。成虫生活爿性有明显的趋湿性,趋嫩性和趋阴性;幼虫有群集结茧和土中化蛹习性,干旱稻田幼虫存活率低。成虫防治应在5月上旬产卵前,幼虫防治应在6月进行。     

稻水蝇(Ephydra macellaria Egger)生活史研究

稻水蝇在内蒙古东部地区年发生 4代 ,世代重叠 ,发育历期世代间存有极显著的差异 ,虫态间发育历期除幼虫与蛹外亦呈极显著差异 .成虫越冬 .4月下旬越冬成虫大量出现 .4月下旬见一代卵 ,5月 10日为一代幼虫盛发期 ,化蛹在 5月 2 5日始盛 ,一代成虫于 5月下旬可见 .第二代 5月下旬见卵 ,6月上旬至 7月上旬幼虫发生 ,6月中旬至 7月上旬化蛹 ,6月下旬至 7月中旬为二代成虫可见期 .第三、四代幼虫分别发生于 7月上旬及下旬 ,第四代成虫于 8月中旬羽化 ,8月下旬达到羽化高峰并越冬 .第 2代危害严重 ,发生数量极显著多于其它各代     

美国白蛾越冬代成虫羽化规律及产卵习性的研究

对美国白蛾越冬代成虫羽化规律及产卵习性进行了研究 ,找出了影响羽化及产卵的关键气候因子。即连续 5d日平均气温达到 1 2℃、RH在 6 8%以上时 ,越冬代成虫开始羽化 ;连续 5～ 6d日平均气温高于 1 6℃时 ,出现羽化高峰 ;当日平均气温低于 1 5 7℃时 ,出现羽化低峰。雄成虫比雌成虫羽化始期早 8d ,羽化末期晚 5d ;雄成虫趋光性和飞翔能力强于雌成虫 ,但存活时间短于雌成虫 ;雌成虫的产卵量受产卵环境影响 ,不交尾的雌成虫产卵量极少     

甘肃冷杉尺蠖生物学特性及防治研究

甘肃冷杉尺蠖在白龙江、洮河林区2年完成1代,以幼虫和蛹交替越冬。6月下旬成虫开始羽化,7月中旬为羽化盛期,雌雄性比为1.2∶1,成虫羽化后2~5d开始产卵,卵历期35~45 d,8月上旬幼虫开始孵化,幼虫5龄,历期90~105 d,8月下旬老熟幼虫开始下树进入枯枝落叶层内化蛹,9月中旬为化蛹高峰,蛹期310~330d。幼虫有吐丝迁移的习性。在白龙江、洮河林区主要发生于海拔2900~3300m的高山地带,以郁闭度在0.7以上的幼龄冷杉纯林受害最重。潮湿、凉爽的气候条件有利于该虫的发生,鸟类取食和菌类寄生对其种群数量影响极大。采取以生物防治、物理防治和营林措施为主,辅以化学防治的方法,可有效减轻其危害。     

咸阳多索线虫生活史的研究

对咸阳多索线虫Ａｇａｍｅｒｍｉｓ ｘｉａｎｙａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｂａｏ的研究表明，其生活史为一年一代。在１８℃～２５℃条件下，卵内发育约需２５ｄ，Ⅱ期幼虫维持感染活力１～７ｄ，寄生期２５～３０ｄ。５月上旬开始产卵，６月为Ⅱ期幼虫孵出高峰期，７月为寄生高峰期，１１月至次年４月上旬寄生后斯功虫脱皮为成虫，５月上旬产卵并开始下一个周期。     

云南松梢木蠹象的生物学特性及防治技术

云南松梢木蠹象是鞘翅目、象虫科的一种蛀食云南松、华山松害虫。在盐源县一年发生一代,以幼虫在枝梢内越冬。3月上旬越冬后幼虫在受害枝梢内取食为害,4月中旬开始化蛹；4月下旬至5月上旬为成虫羽化始期,6月上旬为盛期,6月下旬交尾,7月上旬产卵,7月中旬幼虫开始孵出,7月下旬进入越冬状态。防治技术主要是4月下旬至6月下旬采用人工卫生伐除虫枝集中烧毁及掌握有利时机进行化学药剂防治。     

戈壁琵甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)生物学特性的研究

戈壁琵甲2年发生1代，世代不整齐，以成虫和不同龄期的幼虫越冬，成虫4月上旬至9月下旬产卵，卵期为8～12d．幼虫一般为12龄．幼虫期为1～1．5a．越冬幼虫于次年6月下旬至9月上旬化蛹．蛹前期为40～45d，蛹期为12～20d．羽化成虫后经280～300d性成熟，开始交配产卵，戈壁琵甲食性杂．不喜光．活动有明显的节律性．成虫具有利用防御腺进行自卫的特性，其防御腺分泌物可成为医学上的天然药物，该幼虫各项营养成分较高，是一种很有开发价值的昆虫资源。     

银杏超小卷叶蛾(Pammene sp.)初步研究

银杏超小卷叶蛾(Pammene sp.)以幼虫蛀害银杏枝条,使枝条枯死,降低白果产量。在江苏株被害率最高为100％,浙江等地白果减产80～90％。该虫一年一代,以蛹在树干中下部枯皮中越冬,3月下旬至4月中旬羽化,成虫需补充营养,产卵于小枝上,每雌产卵90余粒,寿命约13天。5月上旬孵化为幼虫,初龄幼虫行动活泼,自短枝端部蛀入枝内,或从当年生长枝中部或基部蛀入,每头幼虫可为害短枝2个,幼虫在枝条内约取食25天即外出迁至枯叶中卷叶栖息,有时取食少量叶肉,约经半月再蛀入树皮,至11月中旬在原处化蛹越冬。 该虫喜为害树龄老、生长势差的银杏,适生于透光好、干燥的林分,但气候过于干旱,则影响幼虫化蛹。一般发生于每年平均温度14℃以上地区以及海拔800米以下的地区,我国虫口密度的分布由南向北逐渐减少。 对该虫的防治,在为害较轻地区,可摘除被害枝条,扫除落叶焚毁之。被害严重地区可在幼虫初龄时期,F280％敌敌畏乳剂水溶液1:800倍液喷洒被害枝,效果较好。防治已蛀入树皮内的幼虫,可以油雾剂(敌敌畏油剂、六六六高丙体,邻二氯苯,柴油混合液)喷洒树干,幼虫死亡率达100％。防治成虫羽化,可在3月下旬成虫将羽化前,在树干上涂刷涂白剂,效果很好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-