基于Isight的自适应翼型前缘气动优化设计

为了兼顾翼型在各个飞行状态下的气动效率,基于Isight优化设计平台对自适应翼型前缘进行了气动优化设计研究.首先对Hicks-Henne型函数进行了改进,实现了翼型前缘的参数化描述;然后采用拉丁超立方实验设计方法生成样本点,并运用CFD软件进行翼型流场的气动计算,进而利用该样本数据完成对RBF神经网络的训练;最后对神经网络近似模型应用多岛遗传算法进行优化.以NACA 0006翼型为例,采用上述组合优化策略以升阻比为目标函数进行优化设计.仿真结果表明:改进后的Hicks-Henne型函数较好地描述了翼型前缘;组合优化方法显著提高了翼型气动优化效率.     

基于熵产方法的跨音速翼型减阻优化设计

将熵产方法引入跨音速翼型气动优化设计中,采用涡黏性模型对翼型流场熵产进行计算,进而阐述熵产对翼型阻力的影响.通过类别形状函数(CST)方法和径向基函数(RBFs)网格变形方法完成翼型参数化建模与网格变形,并将改进的NSGA2多目标遗传算法与CFD计算耦合起来实现了翼型自动优化设计,用此方法进行了跨音速翼型的气动优化设计,目标函数为来流马赫数为0.73、攻角为2.54°时升阻比最大,熵产最小.设计结果表明:优化方法在小种群下有很好的全局收敛性,得到的非支配解集分布均匀,质量较高.与参考翼型相比,优化翼型通过降低流场熵产,有效地减少了翼型阻力,大幅度提高了翼型升阻比,消除或减弱了翼型上表面激波,有效提高了翼型的气动性能.     

陆空平台旋翼叶型参数气动性能多目标优化研究

陆空平台兼具旋翼无人机和无人车的特点,对各种室内外复杂作业环境均有较佳的适应性,但不同作业环境对旋翼的升力、悬停效率等气动性能的需求并不一致,单一叶型难以满足这种差异化需求. 针对此问题,基于类函数/形函数方法,以伯恩斯坦多项式对翼型弦长、扭转角和旋翼前缘位置沿径向的分布进行了参数化表述,实现原旋翼叶型的三维参数建模重构,随后采用数值方法进行了关键叶型参数对气动性能的敏感性分析. 计算结果表明,翼尖附近的弦长和扭转角对气动性能影响较大,且弦长和扭转角间存在明显的交互效应. 据此以升力和品质因子为目标,对原旋翼叶型进行了多目标优化设计并进行了试验验证,试验结果表明,高升力叶型的旋翼升力系数提高了13.2%,高品质因子叶型的旋翼品质因子提高了37.8%,基于伯恩斯坦多项式与类函数/形函数方法结合的叶型三维参数化优化方法,能够有效提升旋翼升力或品质因子等气动性能指标.      

特殊布局无人机多目标气动外形优化设计

从无人机外形设计的总体、气动设计要求出发,根据多目标优化的基本概念,将Pareto方法与遗传优化搜索相结合,并采用了群体排序、基于共享机制的小生境等技术,使解集具有良好分布特性。在此基础上建立了一套可满足无人机气动外形综合优化设计优化模型和优化方法。针对无人机外形优化设计要求,提出了复杂外形参数化和设计变量的选取原则。根据某无人机的设计要求,以亚声速和超声速气动特性为设计目标的无人机外形综合优化设计,取得了良好的优化设计结果。     

多参数变弯度翼型气动优化设计方法

为了获得机翼最优的气动外形,提出了一种多偏转参数与非均匀B样条结合的翼型前后缘连续偏转变形规律。以NACA3412翼型为研究实例,对翼型曲线进行参数化重构。以翼型前、后缘偏转位置和偏转角度为变化参数,模拟分析了不同变形状态对翼型气动特性的影响规律。以翼型升力系数和升阻比为优化目标,以前、后缘的偏转角度、偏转位置以及过渡段长度等六个偏转参数为设计变量,采用多目标遗传算法和ANSYS软件进行优化设计。结果表明,与基础翼型相比,优化后的变弯度翼型的升阻比提升约19.26%,升力提升约44.43%,明显改善了翼型的气动性能。     

外形参数化方法对气动优化过程的影响

探讨了各类参数化方法(包括PARSEC,CST,HicksHenne,自由型变形等)的原理、优缺点及其对气动优化设计的影响。首先简述了基于NS方程进行气动优化设计的过程,指出参数化方法为优化问题提供了设计变量。然后研究了各类参数化方法的原理,给出了各类方法中参数的几何意义,并对PARSEC方法提出了改进。通过比较各类方法对代表性翼型的重构能力,给出了合理选择参数化方法,参数个数及其取值范围的建议。最后给出了在相同工况下分别使用Hicks-Henne和PAR-SEC两种参数化方法的气动减阻优化结果,研究了其对翼型气动优化效率和效果的影响。     

掠飞末敏弹滚转气动特性研究

为研究掠飞末敏弹在高速滚转状态下的气动特性,对其进行了静态和自由滚转风洞实验研究,在此基础上,结合数值仿真和近似理论方法,分析了弹箭高速滚转运动对其气动参数的影响,并获得了不同马赫数下的平衡转速随尾翼结构参数的变化规律.结果表明:平衡转速随马赫数增加而增大,但变化斜率随马赫数增加有所减小;在相同马赫数下,平衡转速随攻角增加而减小,且变化规律具有非线性特性;增大尾翼根稍比、扭曲率以及后掠角均有利于提高弹箭平衡转速;弹箭在高速滚转状态下的气动特性与静止状态相比存在显著差异,除产生较大的偏航力矩外,还将导致俯仰力矩系数减小、压心位置前移等现象,这对提高尾翼弹箭飞行稳定性是不利的.      

基于改进多目标粒子群算法的风力机大厚度翼型优化设计

仅以气动性能最佳为目标进行优化设计的翼型,结构性能较差.为了克服这一缺点,基于改进的多目标粒子群算法(MOPSO),提出了综合考虑气动性能和结构性能的大厚度翼型多目标优化设计方法.针对相对厚度为40%的翼型,应用翼型集成理论对翼型进行参数化表达,以翼型主要攻角处的升阻比最大和翼型面对弦线轴的惯性矩最大为设计目标,综合考虑翼型的粗糙度敏感性、失速特性及非设计工况特性,进行翼型的多目标优化设计,得到了Pareto最优解集.分析最优解集中的翼型,由此挑选出的新翼型在气动性能和结构性能上均比常用翼型DU00-W2-401有较大提高.     

基于离散伴随方法的翼型定常/非定常气动优化设计

为了有效提升翼型的气动性能,本文发展了一种基于离散伴随方法的翼型定常/非定常气动优化设计方法。应用该方法,对给定目标压力下的翼型反设计问题和振荡翼型的时平均阻力优化问题进行了研究,所得结果表明：反设计得到的翼型几何外形与目标翼型高度一致;振荡翼型的阻力优化计算经过12次迭代后,时平均阻力降低了约40%。     

基于多岛遗传算法的垂直轴风机翼型优化设计

为了解决垂直轴风力机的风能利用率在实际应用中低于水平轴风力机的问题,通过以多岛遗传算法为核心与翼型参数化、ICEM网格生成以及计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)流场计算相结合,并以翼型的升阻比为优化目标,建立优化模型,进而开发自动优化评估流程,完成翼型的优化设计与气动性能分析。结果表明：相比初始翼型,优化翼型是非对称翼型,其最大相对厚度降低1%,升阻比提高17.78%,升力系数提高16.7%,为0.11c(c为翼型的弦长);其最大相对厚度对应在弦上的位置向翼型的前缘移动了0.036c。且翼型弯度明显增加,中弧线偏移量最大值为0.017 4c。优化翼型的前缘半径变化不大,但翼型尾缘夹角明显变小,翼型上翼面轮廓线相对平缓。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-