北极及长白山苔原带昆虫多样性研究进展

苔原是冷湿型极地自然景观类型,全世界现代苔原仅分布于北半球.综述北极苔原带昆虫的物种组成:部分苔原带种类存在较明显的形态适应,北极苔原带温度和紫外线对昆虫有较大影响,较低温度和较短的生长季节是导致昆虫多样性较低和形态变化的主要原因,当温度升高时昆虫能快速扩散到北极苔原带;综述长白山苔原带昆虫种类组成,侵入种及侵入原因,直翅目蝗虫种群适应变化和天牛、食蚜蝇、蝶类访花昆虫种类及其访花习性等研究进展.     

九寨沟自然保护区华西箭竹生长研究

在九寨沟国家级自然保护区6类森林群落中设置样方对华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)种群进行了取样,对2002年和2007年同一群落中华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量的差异进行了统计检验.发现5年中,青杄林群落中箭竹平均高度增加,巴山冷杉林群落中箭竹平均生物量增加,白桦林群落中箭竹种群密度下降,而油松-红桦林、铁杉-糙皮桦林和红桦林群落内华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量没有显著变化.这些结果说明九寨沟自然保护区内华西箭竹种群生长基本处于停滞状态.华西箭竹具有一个下降种群的年龄结构,使得上世纪80年代开花后种群恢复很差.分析了光照、湿度等因素对华西箭竹种群生长可能有重要影响,它们之间因果关系的证实,需要控制光照或湿度进行生态学试验.     

长白山岳桦林表土花粉分析

长白山岳桦林带表土花粉分析表明,除桦外,孢粉组合中的乔木植物花粉系其它林带传播而来,草本和蕨类植物孢粉组合代表了林下植被的特征,林带中主要建群种植物花粉与其植被的R值均小于1。并讨论了其它植被带孢粉组合与植被的关系。     

长白山区牛皮杜鹃研究进展

综述长白山区牛皮杜鹃分布、生境、遗传多样性、形态、繁殖等研究现状.结果显示：牛皮杜鹃为杜鹃花科常绿杜鹃亚属常序杜鹃亚组，国内分布以长白山高山苔原带为主，吉林省二级保护植物，濒危种；气候变暖及雪斑线上升引起牛皮杜鹃种群沿海拔上移、扩张，群落内物种间竞争显著；土壤动物对牛皮杜鹃及群落植物凋落物分解作用明显；遗传多样性丰富，不同地带牛皮杜鹃遗传差异较大；有性、无性繁殖均可获取种源.建议加强牛皮杜鹃繁殖研究；开展以小叶章为代表的草本植物种群快速扩张引起的牛皮杜鹃种群衰退研究；建立长期样地，监测牛皮杜鹃种群变化.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物毛毡杜鹃种群现状及保护

毛毡杜鹃(Rhododendron confertissimum)分布于长白山的亚高山地带,属长白山区珍稀特有种,观赏价值高.对毛毡杜鹃生长环境、土壤特点、伴生植物进行调查,分析其种群退化原因,指出物种入侵及游客破坏是导致种群衰退的主要原因.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物刺参种群现状及保护

刺参(Oplopanax elatus)在长白山区呈间断性窄地域分布,受到森林锐减、过度采挖等因素影响,导致种群衰退.通过对野生刺参生长环境、土壤特点、伴生植物的调查,分析其种群退化原因;指出通过政府引导,加快产业调整,实施人工驯化栽培满足市场需求是解决刺参濒危的主要途径.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物钻天柳种群现状及保护

钻天柳(Chosenia arbutifolia)在长白山区呈窄地域分布,种群数量稀少,人为破坏严重.对钻天柳种群生长环境、土壤特征、伴生植物进行调查,解析钻天柳的濒危机理.加大保护力度,开展科学研究并尽快实现成果转化是保护与可持续利用钻天柳的关键.     

长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性

2004—2005年6—9月对长白山北坡各垂直带访花昆虫进行了系统调查研究,并用各种多样性指数对访花昆虫的多样性进行了测度.研究结果表明,该区访花昆虫有251种,分别隶属于9目、62科、179属.群落的α多样性分析表明,不同群落多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:针阔混交林群落>针叶林群落>岳桦林群落>苔原带群落;不同月份多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:7月末>7月中旬>6月末>6月中旬>8月中旬>9月初;在4个不同群落中,针阔混交林群落访花昆虫的物种数、个体数、物种多样性指数及物种均匀度指数均高于其他群落;群落的相似性分析和聚类分析表明,各不同群落访花昆虫之间的相似性差异显著,访花昆虫群落多样性变化主要与植被类型有关.     

濒危植物合柱金莲木伴生群落特征

【目的】研究濒危植物合柱金莲木(Sinia rhodoleuca)的伴生群落特征,为该物种的保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法对合柱金莲木的5个分布点:广西融水(P1)、广西金秀(P2)、广西德保(P3)、广东封开(P4)和广东连山(P5)进行调查,分析其伴生群落的种类组成、区系成分、结构特征、物种多样性及其种群年龄结构。【结果】在2000m2样地中共有维管束植物153种,隶属58科113属,主要优势科为樟科、壳斗科、紫金牛科、茜草科等。合柱金莲木伴生群落种子植物包含12个分布区类型,以泛热带分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲分布为主,热带成分占优势,温带成分所占比例较小。合柱金莲木伴生群落结构分层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物匮乏。与P1、P2、P3样地相比,P4、P5样地生境破坏较小,Shannon指数和Simpson指数高。除P5样地内的合柱金莲木种群为增长型外,其余样地的合柱金莲木种群均为衰退型。【结论】合柱金莲木伴生群落的组成种类丰富,科、属组成复杂,其区系特点具有明显的热带-亚热带性质;伴生群落物种多样性与生境破坏程度有关;合柱金莲木种群多呈衰退趋势,应对其加强保护。     

长白松天然种群现状及濒危机理

长白松是长白山特有的珍稀濒危树种,国家一级保护植物,由于自然因素和人为因素的破坏,导致长白松种群数量愈来愈少.通过对长白山长白松天然种群分布状况、伴生植被、土壤特性的调查,分析长白松种群现状;从长白松种群的群落结构、演替特征、天然更新和管理缺陷等方面探讨长白松的濒危机理,提出长白松的保护管理建议.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.