重油含水率测量系统中的信息融合方法

在重油含水率测量系统中,根据水的介电常数远远大于重油的介电常数,因而两者所呈现的射频阻抗特性不同的原理,可使用射频电容传感器．但在测试过程中发现传感器的输出除受水分这1个参量的影响外,还受温度的影响,从而影响系统性能和测量精度．为此,探讨了对传感器输入、输出信息进行融合处理的方法,以提高目标参量的测量精度和测量系统的温度稳定性．2个传感器所输出的信息融合方法有多种,作者采用了曲面拟合法．实验结果表明未进行信息融合前,传感器的零位温度系数αs0=4.01×10-3/℃,在水分标定值为3%,8%和10%时,传感器的灵敏温度系数αs3,αs8,αs10分别为3.56×10-3,3.53×10-3和3.30×10-3/℃;进行信息融合后,传感器的等效温度系数αs0,αs3,αs8和αs10分别为1.06×10-3,2.43×10-3,8.66×10-4和8.50×10-4/℃,与未融合处理前相比,温度稳定性有较大的提高,同时测量精度也明显提高．     

蒿甲醚在直流极谱上的研究

本文探讨了蒿甲醚在0.25mol/L磷酸-50%甲醇体系中直流极谱的一些特性,确定了它在该体系中有一很好的受扩散控制为主的极谱波,其半波电位为-0.28V(对汞层阳极),温度系数为+1.9%/℃,电子得失数为2;在25.0℃时的扩散系数为:D=3.30×10~(-6)cm~2/s;在4.0×10~(-5)-8.0×10~(-4)mol/L浓度范围内有较好的线性关系.     

PZT铁电陶瓷的低频内耗研究

用传统的固态反应法制备了Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3铁电陶瓷,在低频扭摆上采用强迫振动的方式,在0.05～4Hz的频率范围内测量了PZT铁电陶瓷的内耗温度特征.在室温至350℃的内耗-温度曲线上,290℃和150℃附近分别出现两个弛豫型内耗峰P1和P2,并且在50℃附近观察到一个较低的内耗峰.根据Arrhenius关系,分别计算得到P1的激活能E1=2.09eV,τ01=3×10-20s,P2的激活能E2=1.04eV,ι02=8×10-14s,并且分析了P1和P2内耗峰的机制.     

松香甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚的合成及其性能

研究了松香与甘油的部分酯化反应及松香甘油酯与环氧乙烷的加成反应,得出适宜的反应条件:松香与甘油反应温度为260～270℃,用量配比为1∶2,催化剂ZnO用量为松香用量的0.05%,反应时间4.5h,产物羟值175.2(滴定1g产物所需氢氧化钾毫克数),单酯含量48.2%,双酯含量37%;松香甘油酯与环氧乙烷的加成反应催化剂为KOH,其用量为酯的0.6%,温度150℃。测定了产物松香甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚的表面物理化学性能:表面张力δ为3.29×10-2～3.83×10-2N/m,临界胶束浓度CMC为2.2×10-4～5.2×10-4mol/L,钙皂分散指数LSDP为4.2%～18.5%,对松节油乳化力EP为74～190s,浊点CP为17～81℃;环氧乙烷聚合度(n)对产物表面物理化学性能的影响:随着n的增加,δ先下降,然后逐渐上升,CMC、LSDP、CP逐渐升高,EP先升高,当n=10时,变化趋于平缓。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥特性及干燥模型

由于红枣收获后品质快速下降,探讨适合红枣的加工方法以便延长红枣的保藏期非常重要。探究了干制条件对红枣气体射流干燥特性的影响,以便提高干制红枣品质,缩短干制时间,获取干燥活化能,优选干燥模型。选用自制气体射流冲击干燥设备干制红枣,研究风速(8.5、10.0、12.0m/s)、风温{60、65、70℃,变量[70℃(5h)+65℃(8h)+55℃]}对红枣水分比和干燥速率、水分有效扩散系数及活化能的影响,通过DPS数据统计软件对8个干燥模型(Lewis、Page、Modified Page、Wang & Singh、Henderson & Pabis、Approximation of diffusion、Logarithmic、Simplified Fick''s diffusion)进行拟合筛选。与大多数食品材料的干燥特性一致,红枣的气体射流冲击干燥过程主要为降速干燥。温度对整个干燥过程中参数的变化影响较大,温度越高,水分扩散越快,水分比下降越快,干燥速率越高。最高有效扩散系数为1.22133×10-9m²/s,所需最小活化能为10.39kJ/mol。使用8个模型进行拟合,研究发现Logarithmic模型的参数系数(R²)值为0.999801,均方根误差(RMSE)值为0.002913,卡方值(χ²)为9.332000×10-6,该模型为描述红枣气体射流冲击干燥的最优模型。温度与风速均对干燥曲线、干燥速率曲线、水分有效扩散系数和活化能有影响,在温度70℃(5h)+65℃(8h)+55℃,风速12.0m/s的条件下干燥效果较佳。     

含涤纶织物热定型工艺及机理的探讨(上)

本文对涤纶长丝和涤/棉混纺织物热定型的机理和工艺改进进行了研究。在实验中采用了九种近代和常规的测试仪器和方法,如 X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、DTA 等测定了定型前后涤纶超分子结构和织物性能如尺寸热稳定性、回复角等的变化。涤纶长丝定型程度可用它在苯酚中的临界溶解时间(CDT)作检验。本实验中还建立了涤/棉混纺织物中涤纶短纤维 CDT 值的测定方法,并获得了关于结晶度(d_c)、晶粒尺寸(s)、CDT 值,织物干热收缩(c)与热定型温度(T)之间的良好关系。在晶粒尺寸和 CDT 值与定型温度的关系曲线中分别在194℃和196℃有一个转折点。CDT 值的对数与结晶度、晶粒尺寸或织物尺寸热稳定性的对数之间的关系可用下列方程表示:1gCDT=10.34×10~(-3)T-13.33×10~(-3)1gCDT=59.08×10~(-3)d_c-1.3401gS=0.4391 1gCDT+0.88031gC=2.5899-1.18851gCDT(定长,经)1gC=3.202-1.882 1gCDT(松弛,经)涤纶超分子结构变化的活化能和碰撞频率为1.806×10~4卡和5.355×10~(?)秒~(-1)。上述事实表明涤纶的 CDT 值能在一定程度上反映涤纶纤维的结晶度、晶粒尺寸和完整性,因此,它是一种判断热定型效果的简便而有效的方法。为了提高含涤纶织物的尺寸热稳定性,定型温度应接近或稍低于织物受热史中的最高温度或比使用温度高20°—30℃,由于涤/棉混纺织物的尺寸热稳定性较好,所以定型温度可稍低于涤纶长丝织物。在定型过程中,除非温度超过220℃,无定形取向度不发生降低。定型后涤纶织物的染色性能与纤维的结晶度和空隙度有关。对定型时的张力和时间对定型效果影响也进行了讨论。     

基于预应变的光纤光栅传感头应变传感特性的研究

报道了采用预应变方法制作的一种结构简便而新颖的光纤光栅传感探头的应变响应特性 .该方法能使一根光纤光栅产生两个以上的反射峰 ,因此能解决温度和应变测量时存在的交叉敏感问题 .在测量范围内 ,应变和温度响应曲线具有良好的线性 .光纤光栅的预应变部分和裸光纤部分的应变响应灵敏度分别为 0和 7×10 -4 nm/ με;温度响应灵敏度分别为 5 .32× 10 -2 nm/℃和 1.0 7× 10 -2 nm/℃ .     

空间微小碎片探测器设计

所描述的空间微小碎片探测器采用PVDF压电薄膜作为传感器,所探测的目标为质量分布5×10~(-11)g(直径约3．3μm)～l×10~(-5)g(直径约200μm),速度分布2km/s～15km/s的空间碎片和微流星体,所测量的信息为空间微小碎片的质量、飞行速度和轨道信息以及空间微小碎片时空分布情况。     

洛美沙星的吸附伏安特性及其应用

在Britton Robinson(pH8 80 ) 0 0 2mol·L- 1KCl底液中 ,洛美沙星 (Lomefloxacin ,简称LMF)在汞电极上有一线性扫描还原峰 ,峰电位Ep=- 1 4 0V (vs.Ag/AgCl) ,该峰具有明显的吸附性 .吸附粒子为LMF中性分子 ,测得LMF在汞电极上的饱和吸附量Гs=4 2 7× 10 - 11mol·cm- 2 ,每个LMF分子所占电极面积为 3 89nm2 ,LMF在汞电极上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式 .测得吸附系数 β =2 2 9× 10 6,2 5℃时的吸附自由能ΔG =- 36 2 9kJ·mol- 1,电极反应电子数n =2 ,不可逆体系动力学参数αnα=1 84 ,表面电极反应速率常数ks=0 2 9s- 1,扩散系数D =7 38×10 - 7cm2 ·s- 1.建立了吸附溶出伏安法测定LMF的最佳条件 ,检出限为 5 0× 10 - 8mol·L- 1.     

湍流时动能校正系数α的计算

<正> 湍流时动能校正系数α可以用下式计算:α=(n+1)~3(n+2)~3/[4(3n+1)(3n+2)]运用此式可以很方便地求出不同n值时(或不同Re值时)α的数值。例如:当4×10~43.3×10~6时,n=1/10,α=1.031。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to