复苏植物牛耳草BhLEA2基因启动子的分离和基因表达模式研究

为研究干旱诱导的基因表达模式,利用Inverse-PCR和Tail-PCR的方法从复苏植物牛耳草（Boea hygrometrica（Bunge）R Br．）中扩增出胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白编码基因BhLEA2的1215bp启动子序列,命名为PBhLEA2。构建了由PBhLEA2启动子引导GUS嵌合基因的植物表达载体pBhLEA2-GUS,并经农杆菌介导导入到烟草中,得到4株转基因烟草植株。GUS检测分析表明,该启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因烟草的种子和刚萌发的小苗的子叶和胚轴中高效表达,在10-20d苗龄的植株中不表达,表现出一定的发育阶段和组织特异性。干旱、高盐胁迫及脱落酸（ABA）、乙烯和H2O2等信号分子可在不同程度上诱导GUS报告基因在20d苗龄的转基因植株的叶片中表达,但只有ABA可诱导其在根中表达,表明该启动子对BhLEA2基因表达的调控受环境信号影响。     

麻疯树异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶基因(IPI)启动子的克隆及瞬时表达分析

本文以麻疯树基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到麻疯树异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶(IPI)基因(JcIPI)起始密码子上游1 536bp的启动子序列.利用在线软件PLACE和PlantCARE分析表明该序列除具备TATA-Box、CAAT-Box等启动子基本元件外,还含有AuxRR-core、TATC-box、MBS、HSE等特异性元件.为确定启动子核心启动区域,构建JcIPI启动子283、550、970、1 276和1 536bp的5′端缺失片段,并将其分别驱动pBI121载体的葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因,构建植物表达载体.采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,在烟草叶片中进行瞬时表达分析.GUS酶活测定结果显示,五个启动子缺失片段都具有启动子活性,并随长度增加而增强.     

非生物胁迫下小麦TaGAPCp1基因启动子的功能分析

探究质体形式的GAPCp (Plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)基因启动子响应干旱、盐和外源ABA等非生物胁迫的机理.首先从中国春小麦中克隆得到TaGAPCp1基因上游1 985 bp的核苷酸序列,经Plant CARE数据库分析表明,该启动子含有众多防御和逆境响应元件(defense and stress-responsive ele-ments,DSREs),激素响应元件(hormone-responsive elements,HREs)和光响应元件(light-responsive ele-ments,LREs).从小麦数据库下载Ta GAPCp亚家族基因启动子序列,序列对比分析表明,该亚家族成员启动子上功能元件种类相近但数量相差较大.构建含TaGAPCp1基因启动子的表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草并进行ABA (100μmol·L~(-1))、PEG8000 (20%)、Na Cl (250 mmol·L~(-1))和4℃低温处理,组织化学染色显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能驱动GUS基因的表达但活性明显低于Ca MV35S,GUS活性分析显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能响应非生物胁迫.通过农杆菌介导的浸花法转化拟南芥,经潮霉素和羧苄青霉素筛选及叶片PCR检测,最终获得稳定遗传的转基因拟南芥20株,并得知转基因拟南芥中的GUS基因能被干旱胁迫显著诱导表达.     

拟南芥糖基转移酶基因UGT71C5启动子的克隆和功能分析

通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆到长度为903 bp的UGT71C5基因启动子,并构建了此种启动子与GUS嵌合的重组载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,得到转基因拟南芥,并且通过启动子分析软件对全序列进行分析,发现在该段序列中含有典型的TATA-box、CAAT-box和光应答元件GT1、干旱应答元件ERD等一些顺式作用元件.利用分光光度法测定转基因植株在光照、干旱和ABA等胁迫处理下的GUS酶活力,结果表明：转基因植株的GUS酶活力介于野生型和35S阳性对照之间,与正常条件下生长的转基因植物相比,光照处理     

杂交鹅掌楸LhARF2基因启动子的克隆及瞬时表达分析

生长素响应因子(Auxin response factor, ARF)参与调控植物生长发育的多个途径。本研究利用Tail-PCR技术从杂交鹅掌楸中克隆LhARF2基因5′端上游2 637 bp序列,即pLhARF2启动子,并利用生物信息学软件PlantCARE分析其包含的调控元件,发现其含有启动子必需元件TATA-box和CAAT-box,以及压力响应、激素响应、光信号转导和代谢循环过程元件。构建pLhARF2-pCAMBIA1300:GUS植物表达载体并瞬时浸染本氏烟草叶片,利用GUS组织化学染色法鉴定烟草叶片中瞬时表达活性,发现在烟草叶片中有蓝色斑块,但颜色较浅。实验结果推测杂交鹅掌楸pLhARF2启动子可以调控GUS基因活性,为下一步研究启动子遗传转化的组织表达活性奠定了基础。     

杨树木质部特异性定位表达4CL1启动子的结构与表达特性

4-香豆素COA连接酶(4CL1)是木质素代谢途径中的一个关键酶,对该基因启动子的表达特性与调控元件进行了研究:首先,对毛白杨4CL1启动子进行了生物信息学分析,结果表明该启动子包括3个顺式作用元件,box P(CCTTCACCAACCCCC),box A(CCGTTC),box L(TCTCACCAACC),这3个顺式作用元件在已知的木质素代谢途径相关酶系如苯丙氨合成酶(PAI)和4CL中普遍存在;其次,运用PCR方法对该启动子进行了剪切,获得一个长393 bp的启动子片断,该启动子片断包括以上3个顺式作用元件;最后,将该启动子片段与GUS报告基因构建了植物表达载体并转化烟草,成功获得转基因再生苗,结果发现转基因烟草的茎木质部呈现GUS染色阳性.研究结果表明,一个393 bp长度的4CL1启动子片断足以介导外源基因在木质部特异性定位表达.     

CMV启动子克隆及其在植物体内的表达

根据细胞肥大病毒CMV启动子基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增目的基因后,利用基因重组技术成功构建具有Kan抗性和GUS intron报告基因的植物表达载体LpPCG,并将重组质粒转化到烟草叶片中.通过CMV启动子指导的GUS intron基因在烟草叶片内的瞬时性表达,比较了其植物表达特性.结果表明:CMV启动子可启动GUS在植物体内的表达,其表达活性相当于2×35S启动子的(80.4±26.6)％.     

小鼠液胞H~+-ATPase 15 K启动子(M15 K)的克隆及其在植物体内的表达特性研究

PCR克隆了小鼠液胞H+-ATPase 15K启动子,构建具有Kan抗性和GUS intron报告基因的植物表达载体LpPMG.通过M15K启动子指导的GUS intron基因在烟草叶片内的瞬时性表达,比较了其植物表达特性.结果表明:M15K启动子可启动GUS在植物体内的表达.其表达活性相当于2×35S启动子的87.0%±17.3%.     

水稻Rho家族OsRac2启动子的转基因功能鉴定

采用PCR扩增的方法,构建了OsRac2基因转录起始位点上游1.7 kb的启动子5′缺失植物表达载体,转化烟草并筛选阳性转基因植株.以多种激素处理转基因烟草,通过组织化学分析和GUS荧光活性的检测,证实Os-Rac2启动子上存在着一些激素应答元件,该基因的表达可能受茉莉酸的正调控,脱落酸等激素的负调控.     

水稻花粉特异性启动子的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从水稻幼苗总DNA中扩增并克隆了一段DNA片段。将该片段与报告基因GUS基因融合,构成植物表达载体。经农杆菌转化烟草萌发花粉,共培养约24h后,作瞬时表达检测。结果表明,该克隆片段具有启动子功能。DNA序列分析表明,该克隆片段长度为526bp,含有TATA盒及CAAT盒。与原基因（PSI）启动子序列比较,同源性为52％。部分顺式调控元件相同。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.