钛基纳米金刚石涂层场发射阴极的工艺改进

钛基纳米金刚石涂层场发射阴极适于大面积制备,但原始工艺制备出的样品场发射性能较低.为提高样品的性能,对原始工艺进行了改进:首先,改变分散液成分,在原分散液中加入表面活性剂以改善金刚石纳米粉的分散效果;其次,改变真空热处理(HFCVD)系统的热丝结构使样品热处理时的温度场更加均匀;最后,在原工艺基础上增加表面处理环节,用射频氢等离子体对金刚石纳米粉涂层进行表面处理以降低样品的场发射阈值.经过工艺改进,样品的阈值场强由6.3 V/μm降低至1.9 V/μm,在17.6 V/μm场强下的场发射电流密度由56.1μA/cm2提高到61μA/cm2.     

铪、钛掺杂钛基底纳米金刚石的场发射特性研究

采用电泳法分别制备了铪和钛掺杂纳米金刚石的场发射阴极涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜和场发射测试仪分别对样品的微观形貌和场发射特性进行了表征.研究发现,随着金属铪粉和钛粉的掺杂,阴极涂层的均匀性逐渐变差并出现了团聚现象.场发射研究表明铪的掺入反而降低了涂层的场发射性能,钛掺杂后提高了场发射的电流密度,随着钛的逐渐增多,样品的发光亮度逐渐增强,均匀性变差,进一步表明了适量的钛掺杂纳米金刚石有利于提高场发射性能.最后,探讨了钛掺杂纳米金刚石涂层的场发射机理.     

纳米金刚石掺混铪与掺混钛的场发射特性研究

研究了铪掺混与钛掺混对纳米金刚石场发射特性。根据金属铪与钛的不同性质,分别对纳米金刚石掺混铪和钛,通过电泳法在钛基底上制备了纳米金刚石复合阴极样品,测试了其场发射性能。通过实验发现,掺钛相比纯净的纳米金刚石涂层的场发射特性有所提高,并且钛掺混纳米金刚石涂层的均匀性和稳定性比较好,而掺铪场发射特性下降。分析表明这与金属铪和钛的特性有关。     

金刚石粉阴极的均匀性及其场发射性能研究

目的研究金刚石场发射阴极处理工艺对场发射电流和阈值电压的影响。方法设计了一个将金刚石粉热粘到金属钛表面的工艺,用XRD和SEM分析不同的金刚石纳米粉超声分散液时热粘结的状况:研究样品的场发射性能。结果用丙酮分散时的粘结表面非常均匀;经氢等离子体处理的表面均匀样品场发射阈值电压为0．5V／μm。结论丙酮分散的纳米金刚石粉热粘接到钛金属表面构成的金刚石粉场发射阴极可以降低发射阈值电压;不同等离子体处理工艺可以改变场发射电流。     

正交试验法优化四针状纳米ZnO的制备参数及场发射性能

采用高温气相法生长四针状纳米ZnO.从扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片可以得出在氧气流量为2SCCM,950℃下生长的ZnO具有较好的表面形貌,且四个针脚较均匀.场发射测试表明,在最佳工艺下生长的四针状纳米ZnO的开启场强为2.45 V/μm,阈值场强为3.4 V/μm,在阳极电压为1 850 V时,发光亮度达到1 520 cd/m2.实验证明四针状纳米ZnO是一种优良的场致发射的阴极材料,有望在场致发射器件中广泛应用.     

基于丝网印刷大面积碳纳米管阴极场发射的研究

针对碳纳米管(CNT)阴极场发射均匀性这一关键难题，根据CNT场发射理论制备了一种新型碳纳米管阴极印刷浆料．实验表明：质量分数约为20％的纯化CNT与4．2％的导电氧化物粘接材料混合形成的印刷浆料，其阴极具有较佳的发射均匀特性．用丝网印刷技术制作成的大面积(对于线长度大于12．5cm)阴极，再经过快速烧结技术及两步后处理工艺，既能除掉粘接材料又能使CNT很好地与衬底固定，并使碳纳米管部分直立和充分暴露，进一步改善了发射均匀性．该均匀发射的阴极开启场为2．0V／μm，在电场强度为2．5V／μm下，电流密度为35mA／mm^2，发光亮度为300cd／m^2，场发射电流稳定，其波动性小于4．5％．该阴极可望应用于场致发射显示器，液晶显示的背光源、电光源等器件。     

碳纳米管/纤维阴极场发射平板显示器研制

探索了从碳纳米管/纳米纤维（CNT/CNF）的制备到CNT/CNF阴极场发射平面显示器(c-FED)封装的工艺流程.用化学气相沉积方法,优化制备条件获得了纯度较高的CNT/CNF；以 CNT/CNF和低压荧光粉为原料，采用丝网印刷工艺制作显示器的阴极和阳极；采用类真空荧光显示器的封装工艺封装了c-FED样管.所研制的c-FED具有优良的场发射性能，较好的均匀性及发光密度，黄色荧光粉的c-FED在电场为 2.7 V/μm时的亮度可达600 cd/m².因该显示器使用普通玻璃作为阴阳极基板，整个工艺流程在大面积和实用化方面有很好的应用潜力.      

丝网印刷ZnO纳米锥的浆料制备及场发射特性研究

针对现有的丝网印刷碳纳米管薄膜需要各种后处理工艺才能改善其场发射特性的问题,提出了一种不需任何后处理的丝网印刷ZnO纳米锥的浆料配制工艺.该工艺以羧甲基纤维素为制浆剂,以水为溶剂,所制备的ZnO纳米锥薄膜表面上的有机浆料已基本分解,ZnO纳米锥在高温下既不会弯曲也不会团聚,且成本低,工艺简单.场发射特性测试表明,ZnO纳米锥与制浆剂质量比为3∶5的薄膜在电流密度为0.01 A/m^2时,最低开启场强为2.25 V/μm,在4 V/μm场强下,阳极荧光粉的发光点亮度高且分布均匀.该工艺在ZnO纳米锥场发射显示器的制作中有很好的实际应用价值.     

金刚石聚晶薄膜制备及其电子场的发射性能

微波等离子体化学气相沉积是制备微/纳米结构的方法之一,使用该方法在陶瓷衬底上制备微米金刚石聚晶材料薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的表面形貌,单元尺寸一致,分布均匀。使用X射线衍射和拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的结构,测试了薄膜材料的电子场发射性能。数据表明:制备的薄膜材料开启电场为1.25V/μm,在2.55V/μm的电场下,其电子场发射电流密度达到6.3mA/cm2。     

镁合金表面的锌系磷化及阴极电泳

采用在磷化液中添加Ce（NO3）3及腐蚀抑制剂的方法，在镁合金表面制备了均匀致密的锌系磷化膜，在磷化膜上进行阴极电泳处理制备的涂层具有良好的附着力和耐蚀性．在磷化液中加入稀土添加剂可使锌系磷化膜致密无裂纹，磷化膜在阴极电泳和烘烤固化过程中的失重率较低．当磷化液中Ce（NO3）3的质量浓度为1．5g／L时，磷化膜的组织最致密，电泳漆膜的附着力和耐蚀性也最好．在镁合金的锌系磷化膜上沉积20μm阴极电泳涂层，耐盐雾腐蚀时间可达720h以上，沉积35μm阴极电泳涂层时，耐盐雾腐蚀时间可达1000h以上．试验结果表明，“稀土锌系磷化＋低温阴极电泳”工艺适合于镁舍金的表面防腐处理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-