矿区活动断裂多重分形特征及与动力现象关系

为分析矿区活动断裂分布特征及与动力现象之间的关系,以矿区地貌形态为研究背景,基于地质动力区划活动断裂划分方法,运用多重分形理论对木城涧矿、大安山矿、平顶山十二矿和老虎台矿Ⅴ级活动断裂划分结果进行多重分形计算.研究结果表明:4个矿区断裂体系在较大尺度上都满足标度不变性,空间分布属于多重分形分布,其多重分形谱呈右钩状,广义分形维数D_q与矿山动力现象正相关,特征参数Δf(α)与广义分形维数D_q综合起来能够宏观评估矿区动力环境.建立基于广义分形维数与特征参数的矿区动力环境等级判定准则与评估方法,并实现对以上4个矿区的动力等级评估,为矿山资源开采提前了解区域断裂内在特征及矿区动力环境特征提供宏观指导方向.     

地质动力区划在冲击地压矿井中的应用

为解决和降低冲击地压事故对矿井安全生产带来的危险,以抚顺老虎台矿区为研究对象,对老虎台矿区的活动断裂进行深入的研究.采用地质动力区划的方法,通过应用地形测量图,并且结合卫星照片、地震震源分布图等,查明了老虎台矿区的Ⅰ~Ⅴ级活动断裂,确定了研究区域内的活动断裂,并且划分出了区域内断块结构.由各级活动断裂所划分出的断块结构表明了老虎台矿区现今构造运动的情况.通过现场考察,结合理论计算的方法明确了活动断裂对老虎台矿区冲击地压有较大的影响.同时分析了断裂构造与区域地震的分布以及活动断裂对冲击地压和矿震的影响.     

地质动力区划在新汶潘西矿的应用

为了解决潘西矿区冲击地压对安全生产带来的威胁,对该矿区的活动断裂进行了研究.应用地质动力区划方法,确定了区域内活动断裂,划分出区域内块断结构.通过地应力测量,结合数值计算方法确定了区域岩体原地应力分布状态与分布特点.分析表明活动断裂对该矿区冲击地压有重要影响.该法还可应用余石油、地震等其他工程,投资少见效快,经济和社会效益明显.     

地质动力区划在岩体应力预测中的应用

介绍了地质动力区划方法及其在开滦矿区的应用。地质动力区划方法以板块构造理论为基础,以区域构造形式为主要研究对象,进行活动断裂的划分,确定区域构造形式。结合地应力测量和岩体应力分析,确定区域岩体应力分布规律,并对矿井开采所引起的矿山压力显现做出预测,为安全生产提供地质保障。该方法工程投入少,简便易行,推广应用前景广阔。     

广东省主要活动断裂的分形特征及其与区域历史地震活动的关系

以分形理论为基础,采用网格覆盖法,对广东省主要活动断裂进行分形研究。研究结果表明,广东省内主要活动断裂在分形标度区间12.5~100 km具有较好的统计自相似性,断裂分布的分形维数有效地描述了断裂的空间展布特征,全部断裂分形维数为1.582 3,北东向断裂为1.434 2,北西向断裂为1.115 7和近东西向断裂1.039 4,并且北东向断裂与北西向断裂的分布呈现一定的互补性。结合断裂分形维数等值线与历史地震活动,初步探讨了断裂分形维数与地震活动的耦合关系。     

基于分形理论的10煤层底板岩体结构类型划分

划分煤层底板岩体结构类型,可以为矿井安全生产和水害防治提供一定的技术支持。采用分形几何学理论,对青东煤矿10煤层底板岩体的断裂网络发育特征进行分析,以测算所得分维值作为评判标准,进而划分10煤层底板岩体结构。利用Surfer软件,绘制10煤层底板断裂网络分维等值图,结果表明:研究区域内10煤层底板岩体结构以完整和块裂结构为主,含有部分碎裂结构和极少量的松散结构,研究区内断裂网络发育与分维分布具有较明显的一致性。     

华南地区铀成矿及构造控制的分形分析

华南地区是我国铀矿资源的主要产区,华南主要铀矿床皆受北东-北北东向区域性深大断裂控制.华南地区断裂构造及铀矿床分布的分形分析结果表明,华南区域断裂构造与区域铀矿的分布均具有分形特征.整个区域断裂构造分维值D=1.414 2,显示该区断裂作用成熟度较高,十分有利于流体活动和铀成矿作用;铀矿床分布的分维值D=1.052 7,说明铀矿床分布的复杂性要小于断裂构造的分布;三个分区分析结果显示断裂的分布与局部区域铀矿分布具有正相关,断裂构造复杂且分维值高的区域铀矿分布的分维值越高,铀矿分布也越多.导致矿床分形分布的主要原因是分形断裂构造体系的活动.     

新庄孜矿六八采区断裂复杂程度的分形评价

为了掌握井田断裂构造对矿区的控制情况,基于矿井地质构造的资料,采用分形几何学理论计算分维值,定量评价了淮南矿区新庄孜矿六八采区断裂构造的复杂程度,并根据复杂程度分为四类。六八采区分维值由北向南逐渐减小,形成了北部断层发育而南部断层不发育的总体构造格局,断裂构造复杂程度主要以Ⅱ～Ⅲ类为主。断裂构造复杂程度的评价为矿井安全高效生产提供了科学依据。     

分形裂纹的断裂参数

基于分形几何学,推导了含Ⅰ型分形单裂纹的无限大平板在单向受拉时的临界开裂应力、断裂韧性、裂纹扩展力和断裂能的理论公式.以标准Koch分形曲线构造裂纹的边界,并由分形区域周长与面积的关系推导出平板的弹性应变能.利用Griffith断裂准则得到材料开裂的临界应力,并在此基础上给出了断裂韧性、裂纹扩展力以及断裂能的表达式,从而将G判据推广到分形裂纹情形,并对其进行数值计算以分析各参数的影响.结果表明:材料的断裂韧性与裂纹长度呈反向关系;裂纹的量测尺度将影响断裂韧性与分形维数的关系;裂纹越粗糙、长度越长,材料的断裂能越大.文中还证明了裂纹扩展的非光滑性.     

区域构造应力场的数值模拟与应用

以淮南潘—矿为工程背景，依据地质动力区划方法。进行Ⅰ～Ⅴ级活动断裂的划分，确定区域构造形式，研究了C13-1煤层构造格架、主要断裂特点，在此基础上，建立了构造应力场的地质模型，结合地应力测量和岩体应力分析，确定区域岩体应力分布规律。其结果表明，煤矿区域原岩应力分布状态主要受断裂构造的支配，断裂构造的叠加扰动使原岩应力场重新分布，从而在时间和空间上制约若潘—矿煤与轧斯突出的区域性分布，为安全生产提供保障。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.