CFG桩与水泥土桩联合加固地基技术研究

分析CFG桩和水泥土桩联合加固地基的承载力和复合模量.结果表明,在复合模量一定的情况下,提高CFG桩同时降低水泥土桩的置换率,承载力将提高;在承载力一定的情况下,提高水泥土桩的置换率同时降低CFG桩的置换率,加固后地基的复合模量减低.认为在实际工程中,可通过合理设置两种桩的置换率,使地基承载力与相应的地基反力相协调,调节地基的复合模量以有效减小不均匀沉降,达到优化设计的要求.     

刚性桩复合地基沉降计算方法探讨

刚性桩复合地基是目前地基处理的主要形式之一,地基沉降又是其研究的重要部分.对于复合地基的沉降计算以往都是采用按面积置换率法计算复合模量,然后用分层总和法计算.阐述了刚性桩复合地基与一般复合地基在承载力计算方法和沉降计算方法上的不同,并结合工程实例分别采用按面积置换率和按承载力提高系数的方法计算复合模量,再使用分层总和法计算地基沉降.两种方法计算结果的差异,说明以往使用的计算复合地基沉降的面积置换率法在计算刚性桩复合地基沉降时是需要改进的.     

碎石桩复合地基复合模量极限值分析

针对复合地基的复合模晕是计算复合地基沉降的关键参数,但求解出完全符合实际的精确解较困难的情况,在分析碎石桩复合地基复合模量现有计算方法及计算中存在的问题基础上,将复合地摹看成由桩和土组成的复合材料,从整体上考虑,避免了桩与土之间复杂的相互作用机理分析,并采用弹性理论中最小势能原理和最小余能原理计算复合模量,推求出复合模量上、下限值计算公式.此外,对影响复合模量上、下限值的几个主要参数如桩土压缩模量、土体泊松比和置换率等进行分析.研究结果表明:碎石桩复合地基复合模量极限值随着土体模量和置换率的增大而增大,并且上限值是下限值的1.1-1.4倍,工程实例验证了所求极限值范围的合理性.     

长水泥土桩-短碎石桩复合地基固结解析解

基于轴对称固结模型并采用等竖向应变假设,给出瞬时荷载下长水泥土桩–短碎石桩复合地基的固结方程,推导出单面排水条件下复合地基的固结解析解,包括桩间土和碎石桩的平均超静孔隙水压力解和复合地基的整体平均固结度解。将固结度解析解与有限元数值解进行对比,证明了解析解的合理性。最后,利用固结度解对影响复合地基固结速率的主要因素进行了分析,研究了这种复合地基的固结特性。结果表明:碎石桩的贯入比是影响复合地基固结速率的最重要因素,贯入比的数值越大,复合地基固结越快。复合地基的固结速率随碎石桩渗透系数和置换率以及水泥土桩置换率和压缩模量的增加而逐渐增大,只有当碎石桩的贯入比较大时,其井组和置换率的变化才会对复合地基固结速率产生较大影响。碎石桩压缩模量的变化对复合地基固结速率的影响很小。     

柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基的力学性状研究

通过有限元的方法对路堤荷载作用下刚性桩复合地基的力学性状进行了研究,主要考虑了路堤的高度、宽度以及压缩模量,以及桩体的压缩模量与复合地基置换率等因素的影响。利用ABAQUS通用有限元程序建立路堤荷载作用下刚性桩复合地基的力学模型,重点研究了以上几个主要因素对桩土荷载分担的影响和对桩身应力的影响,对比了柔性基础下和刚性基础下复合地基力学性状的差异。     

柔性基础下桩体复合地基变形的有限元分析

针对柔性基础下桩体复合地基,采用ANSYS有限元软件,选取空间轴对称有限元模型及线弹性本构关系,通过在桩土接触面设置接触单元,对桩体复合地基进行考虑桩土相互作用的非线性分析,得出了桩长、置换率、基础刚度、桩体模量、加固区及下卧层土体模量对复合地基性状的影响规律,为复合地基优化设计提供一定的参考。     

CFG桩复合地基承载特性的试验及数值分析

CFG桩由于桩身模量较高,地基处理效果较好,已经被广泛应用于工程实践中.利用载荷板试验,对CFG桩的单桩、桩间土以及复合地基的承载力特性进行了全面讨论,并阐述了CFG桩复合地基的承载力机理.基于复合地基载荷板试验,建立了轴对称有限元分析模型,讨论了CFG桩的荷载传递规律以及置换率和桩长对于CFG桩复合地基承载力的影响.     

考虑真空加载过程的钉形搅拌复合地基固结解析解

考虑真空负压力随时间变化，推导出真空预压下钉形水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的固结控制方程和求解条件。将固结方程和求解条件进行函数变换，基于双层地基一维固结理论求解出桩间土和复合地基加固区中的平均超静孔隙水压力，然后获得了钉形搅拌桩复合地基的整体平均固结度。通过与数值模拟结果的比较，验证了固结解析解的合理性。利用提出的固结解析解，分析了桩置换率、扩大头尺寸、桩间土刚度及真空加载参数等因素对复合地基固结的影响。研究结果表明：真空下钉形搅拌桩复合地基的固结速率随桩置换率、扩大头高度和其下桩间土压缩模量的增加而增大，固结前期固结速率随扩大头半径的增加而增大，固结后期则影响很小。真空加载过程对复合地基的固结过程几乎没有影响。     

刚性基础下砼芯水泥土桩复合地基沉降计算

为了计算复合地基沉降并研究其相关影响因素,首先,考虑界面相对位移对界面侧摩阻力的影响,获得理想弹塑性荷载传递函数;然后,根据荷载传递法的基本原理,建立砼芯、水泥土桩和桩周土三者各自的平衡微分方程,得到三者相应的应力位移表达式;最后,通过与数值模拟对比验证了该方法的可靠性,分析了上部荷载、含芯率、面积置换率、桩周土和下卧层压缩模量对复合地基沉降量的影响。研究结果表明:刚性基础下砼芯水泥土桩复合地基中砼芯承担了较大部分的上部荷载,水泥土桩次之,桩周土的荷载分担比最小;随着荷载增大,砼芯的荷载分担比逐渐减小,桩周土和水泥土桩的荷载分担比逐渐增加,荷载由砼芯向外逐步传递到水泥土桩与桩周土;随着上部荷载减小,含芯率、面积置换率、桩周土和下卧层压缩模量增加,复合地基沉降量逐步减小,其中含芯率的影响相对较小;除下卧层压缩模量外,各影响因素对桩周土压缩量的影响程度显著大于下卧层土体压缩量的影响程度。     

灰土增强体复合土动力特性试验研究

通过灰土增强体复合试样的动三轴试验,研究了动荷载作用下围压、置换率、初始干密度及初始含水量对复合试样动弹模量的影响.研究表明:经过置换后,复合试样的动弹模量得到提高,灰土增强体复合试样的动弹模量随应变水平的增长而降低,在相同的动应变水平下,随围压、置换率、初始干密度的增大而增大,随初始含水量的增大而降低;粉土复合试样的最大动弹模量也随围压、置换率、初始干密度的增大而增大,随初始含水量的增大而降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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