微量元素Cu、Nb对FeNiPB系纳米晶软磁材料微观结构和相变的影响

研究了微量元素Cu、Nb的加入对FeNiPB系软磁材料的微观结构和相变化的影响．结果表明：采用机械合金化法可以合成名义成分为Fe62Ni15Cu1Nb2P14B6的非晶合金粉末，经过压制成形和热处理可以获得非晶基底上弥散分布α-Fe晶粒的纳米晶组织．认为元素Cu可提高α-Fe晶粒的形核率而元素Nb可阻止α-Fe晶粒的长大并通过设计模型解释，X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及扫描电镜(SEM)的X射线能谱点分析(EDS)和电子通道花样分析(EBSD)进行了验证．     

非晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1激波晶化实验研究

用X射线衍射、差热分析、透射电镜分析等研究了激波对非晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1合金的作用，结果表明：激波能使非晶转变为纳米晶，晶化主相α-Fe的晶粒尺寸为20－40nm，晶格常数比纯铁的小，并形成了多种中间相和亚稳相。同时发现在非晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1的激波晶化过程中，铜、铌阻止晶粒长大、细化晶粒的作用失效。并讨论了压力和温度在晶化过程中的作用。     

低频脉冲磁场处理Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶合金的磁性能研究

用低频脉冲磁场处理Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶合金试样,用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和交变梯度磁强计(AGM)对处理前后样品的结构和磁性能进行分析和测试。结果表明,低频脉冲磁场处理后的非晶合金Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9发生了纳米晶化,晶化相为α-Fe(Si),晶粒尺寸约2~10nm,处理后非晶合金的磁性能有了显著的提高。     

Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_2Si_(13.5)B_9Ni_1非晶合金的晶化动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Fe73.5Cu1Nb2Si13.5B9Ni1非晶的纳米晶化动力学。结果表明,晶化过程分为两步完成,晶化初生相为Fe3Si.第一晶化过程的晶化开始温度Tx1、峰值温度Tp1与扫描速度β的对数之间存在着线性关系,分别为:Tx1=736.52+8.67lnβ和Tp1=743.9+12.7lnβ.采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算Fe73.5Cu1Nb2Si13.5B9Ni1非晶合金晶化的表观激活能Eа分别为435.2kJ/mol和441.1 kJ/mol,而成分为Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9的表观激活能大约为410 kJ/mol,表明Ni部分替代Nb后合金的热稳定性提高。第一晶化反应的局域激活能Ec(α)随晶化体积分数α不断下降,Avrami指数表明该非晶合金的晶化为扩散控制的三维晶粒长大过程。探讨了用Ni元素部分替代Finemet合金中Nb元素后非晶合金热稳定性提高的原因。     

Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3-xMox(x=1,2,3)非晶合金的晶化动力学研究

采用单辊熔体快淬法在大气环境中制备Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3-xMox(x=1,2,3)非晶合金薄带,利用差示扫描量热分析和X射线衍射分析进行非晶合金的晶化动力学研究,计算出Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3-xMox(x=1,2,3)非晶薄带的晶化激活能分别为349、262、332 kJ/mol,其Avrami指数分别为1.95、2.14和2.00.结果表明,随着升温速率的提高,Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3-xMox(x=1,2,3)非晶薄带的起始晶化温度和晶化峰值温度相应升高;以Mo部分替代Nb降低了非晶合金的晶化激活能;α-Fe(Si)软磁相具有扩散控制的低维形核和生长的晶化机制,且形核率逐渐减小.     

(FeCo)73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9的晶化处理及微结构

采用熔体快淬＋晶化处理方法制备宽度为4mm、厚度为30μm的（FeCo）73．5Cu1Nb3Si13．5B9纳米晶软磁合金,并用XRD和TEM对其微结构进行表征。研究结果表明：（FeCo）73．5Cu1Nb3Si13．5B9于600℃晶化处理15min后具有较高的饱和磁化强度（1、30T）和较小的矫顽力（4．61A／m）;提高晶化温度至700℃,合金的软磁性能迅速降低,饱和磁化强度为1．02T,矫顽力增大至1．95kA／m：于600℃晶化处理5min时,合金主要由非晶构成,同时有少量α-Fe（Si）相;于600℃晶化处理15min后合金由α-Fe（Si）主相和少量残余非晶相构成,α-Fe（Si）相的晶粒粒径约为15nm;于700℃晶化处理15min后,合金由α-Fe（Si）相、残余非晶相和少量Fe3B相构成,α-Fe（Si）相的晶粒粒径约为27．9nm。Fe3B相的形成、α-Fe（Si）相晶粒粒径的长大和晶格常数的增大直接导致合金软磁性能下降。     

FeNiPB(Cu,Nb)纳米晶软磁材料的研究

通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及场发射扫描子显微镜并借助X－ray衍射仪分析研究了Fe基纲米晶软磁材料，结果表明：用机械合金化法可以合成FeNiPB(Cu,Nb）非晶合金，非晶粉末经晶化处理可以得到FeNiPB(Cu,Nb）纳米晶组织。     

非晶软磁合金Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3Si13.5 B9的退火处理与性能研究

研究了非晶软磁合金Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9在753～953K温度间等温退火后的纳米晶化行为和性能.实验证明,Cu和Nb等元素的加入有助于提高晶化温度、稳定非晶组织.同时采用差热分析和X衍射仪分析该合金的晶化相,退火后在非晶基体上析出单一的bcc结构的α Fe(Si)固溶体,在813～873K温度范围内可获得由非晶和纳米晶组成的双相组织,平均晶粒尺寸可达8～11nm.该合金在813K退火1h后可获得优良的软磁性能,即矫顽力为0.0703A/m,饱和磁化强度为105.9451Am2/kg,实现了延性和磁脆性的最佳配合.     

一种高性能铁基纳米晶合金的软磁性能研究

在Finemet合金FeSiNbBCu系列的基础上,设计了Fe75.9Cu1Si13B8Nb1.5Mo0.5Dy0.1合金铁芯,用于研究铁芯的软磁性能.结果表明:Fe75.9Cu1Si13B8Nb1.5Mo0.5Dy0.1的工业化非晶合金带材在铸态下为完全的非晶态结构,真空退火后在非晶基体上析出了α-Fe纳米晶相.Fe...     

机械诱发非晶Finemet合金的纳米晶化

利用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了高能球磨条件下非晶Fe73．5Cu1NB3Si13．5b9合金的机械诱发纳米晶化过程，并根据化学成分偏聚、局域高压、局域高温以及Johnson-Mehl-Avrami（JMA）晶化动力学模型解释了纳米晶化的过程和机制．研究结果表明：非晶Fe73．5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9合金机械诱发纳米晶化的产物为复杂的α-Fe固溶体和稳定的Fe2B金属间化合物，α-Fe固溶体相晶粒尺寸为2．0-6．5nm，其纳米晶化过程和晶化产物是由化学成分富集、碰撞引起的局域高压和局域高温共同作用的结果；机械诱发纳米晶化过程中的Avrami指数n=1．59，动力学反应速率常数k=0．1287h^-1，表明机械诱发纳米晶化过程中形核机制为均匀形核，晶粒生长机制为从小尺寸晶核开始的三维生长．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to