石油生物脱硫菌UP-1培养及反应条件的优化

利用从胜利油田的土壤和污水中筛选到的能降解二苯并噻吩(DBT)的施氏假单胞菌UP-1，考察了培养温度、时间、pH值对菌种生长的影响，以及底物浓度、反应温度和反应时间对菌株UP-1、脱硫性能的影响，并考察了UP-1静息细胞的重复使用性能。结果表明，UP-1最佳培养温度为30℃，培养时间为24h，培养基的pH为7．5；脱硫反应适宜的Ⅸ汀质量浓度为500mg／L，反应温度为30℃，反应时间为20h；UP-1静息细胞具有可循环使用的脱硫活性。     

二苯并噻吩生物降解菌培养和反应条件的优化

考察了培养温度、时间、pH值对根癌土壤杆菌UP-3生长的影响,选择了最合适的培养条件.通过考察底物浓度、反应温度和反应时间对菌株UP-3降解二苯并噻吩(DBT)性能的影响,优化了生物降解的反应条件.结果表明:UP-3最佳培养条件为培养温度31℃,培养时间30 h,培养基pH值7.3;UP-3催化降解DBT反应的适宜条件为DBT质量浓度500 mg/L,反应温度31℃,反应时间35 h;适宜条件下UP-3生长细胞对DBT的降解率达到85%,说明其具有较好的应用潜力.     

微波辐射下柴油的催化氧化脱硫效果研究

将苯并噻吩(BT)和二苯并噻吩(DBT)分别溶于正辛烷配成模型油,以H2O2为氧化剂,研究普通加热和微波辐射加热下磷钼酸催化模型油和直馏柴油的氧化脱硫效果.分析了催化剂用量、H2O2初始浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对DBT、BT脱除率的影响,分析了不同萃取条件下的柴油脱硫率和回收率.结果表明,微波辐射加热下,DBT、BT的脱除率比普通加热分别提高了7.7倍和3.7倍;在70℃和400W微波功率下,DBT、BT的脱除率分别为95.4%和62.3%;催化剂用量、H2O2初始浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对DBT、BT的氧化脱除率均有影响;v(萃取剂)/v(柴油)为1/4时,采用DMF萃取1次,柴油的脱硫率为61.8%,回收率为98.4%,萃取次数增加,柴油脱硫率提高,而回收率明显下降.     

红球菌属菌株lawq发酵及脱硫应用研究

红球菌属菌株lawq是专一性脱硫菌,其脱硫酶系由dszA、dszB和dszC组成,其中关键酶是dszC。以脱硫活力作为产脱硫酶系的基准,研究了C、N和S对产酶的影响,实验结果发现甘油是最佳的碳源,适宜的质量浓度为2g/L;氯化铵是合适氮源,适宜质量浓度为2g/L;二苯并噻吩(DBT)是最佳硫源,适宜浓度为0．2mmol/L;以DBT为唯一硫源考察了pH、温度和装液量对lawq生长的影响,结果表明该菌的最适生长pH为7．0,最适生长温度为33℃,溶氧对菌体生长有较大影响。利用该菌体对油品进行脱硫实验,发现32h可以将油品中硫脱除50．47％,说明该菌具有工业应用前景。     

磷钼酸季铵盐催化柴油氧化脱硫研究

以十八烷基三甲基磷钼酸铵作催化剂、H2O2作氧化剂,对模型油和直馏柴油进行了氧化脱硫研究.结果表明,相同反应条件下,以磷钼酸季铵盐作催化剂时,二苯并噻吩(DBT)和苯并噻吩(BT)的脱除率比磷钼酸作催化剂分别提高了5.3倍和2.4倍;在70℃下反应2.5h,DBT、BT的脱除率分别达到100%和40.5%;动力学研究表明,DBT、BT的催化氧化反应皆符合表观一级动力学规律,其活化能分别为22.5kJ/mol和62.4kJ/mol;各反应条件对直馏柴油脱硫率的影响大小顺序为:催化剂用量＞反应时间＞氧化剂用量＞反应温度;在m(催化剂)/m(柴油)=1.8%、V(H2O2)/V(柴油)=2.5%、反应温度70℃、反应时间3h条件下,柴油的脱硫率达 88.7% ,收得率不低于99%.     

生物滴滤法脱除废气中SO_2工艺的研究

优化生物滴滤塔的性能,以提高其对SO2废气的处理效率.在单因素实验的基础上,以气体流量、SO2浓度、温度及pH值作为考察因素,通过设计正交试验,研究其脱硫最佳工艺条件;在最佳工况条件下探讨不同入口浓度、不同填料层高度及喷淋量对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,各因素对SO2去除率影响大小次序为SO2浓度>温度>气体流量>pH值;最佳工艺条件为气体流量0.9m3/h,SO2浓度1 000mg/m3,pH值2.3~2.4,温度28℃.脱硫率随填料层高度增加而增大, 30L/h喷淋量的脱硫效果较优于24L/h,并且生物滴滤法比较适合于低浓度脱硫.     

超声波辅助柴油模拟化合物的深度氧化脱硫

研究超声波在均相催化体系中对模拟柴油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)脱除效果的影响.并在超声波辅助作用下,考察了不同催化剂、氧化剂用量、超声波作用时间、反应温度及剂油比对氧化脱硫效果的影响.实验结果表明:在不同催化体系中,使用超声波都能明显提高DBT转化率.在50℃,剂油比(V/V)为1∶10,超声波辅助模拟柴油在H2O2\HCOOH(体积比为1∶9)条件下,反应时间为10min,DBT的转化率可达到100%.     

光稳定剂间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的合成

研究了以苯甲酰氯和间苯二酚为原料、液碱为除酸剂,酯化合成然后精制得间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的工艺.研究了酯化反应中温度、物料配比、pH、间苯二酚水溶液的浓度和反应时间等条件对反应的影响,获得了较佳的酯化工艺条件:苯甲酰氯与间苯二酚的摩尔比为1.15∶1;pH值为7.5;反应温度为25℃;反应时间为1.5 h;间苯二酚溶液的质量分数为10%.酯化反应收率为88.6%.考察了结晶溶剂配比、温度对产品质量和收率的影响,经实验评估得到了较佳的结晶工艺条件:结晶溶剂甲苯的体积(/mL)与初产物的质量(/g)之比为2.5∶1,结晶温度为30℃,结晶收率为95.0%.优化工艺条件下产品的总收率为84.2%.     

蛇纹石尾矿制备高纯氧化镁工艺条件的研究

文章研究了以蛇纹石尾矿为原料制备高纯氧化镁的新工艺,并考察了粗硫酸镁溶液净化终点pH值的变化对样品纯度的影响;同时,在精制硫酸镁溶液浓度、煅烧温度和煅烧时间确定的前提下,通过正交实验确定沉淀反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,硫酸镁与碳酸钠摩尔计量比为1:1.4,反应时间30 min,陈化时间30 min;在此条件下,所得样品中wMgO≥99.16%,wCaO≤0.08%.     

银型沸石抗菌剂的制备与性能研究

采用离子交换法以4A沸石为载体制备了银／沸石复合抗菌剂,通过XRD、SEM技术对其组织结构和形貌进行了表征,并测试其抗菌性能。考察研究了溶液的初始浓度、pH以及反应温度和时间对抗菌剂载银量的影响,探讨了载银沸石抗菌剂的缓释性能。结果表明：最佳的制备工艺条件为：AgN03溶液的浓度为0．1mol／L,pH值为6～8,反应温度为50℃,反应时间4h,该条件下制备载银沸石抗菌剂的载银质量分数为0．78％,制得的抗菌剂具有良好的抗菌性能和缓释性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-