TSCR工艺生产IF钢相变及组织演变规律

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了薄板坯连铸连轧工艺条件下(TSCR)无间隙原子钢(IF钢)的动态连续冷却转变规律,并分析了其组织演变规律.研究表明:Ti-IF钢的相变开始温度随着冷却速度的增大而下降,即Ar3降低,有利于低温终轧,并获得性能良好的IF钢.同时IF钢的硬度值随着冷却速度的增大而增大,冷却速度从1℃/s变化到30℃/s时,HRB从53.4增加到68.3,即其强度随冷却速度增大而增加.     

变形和硼对低碳Mn-Nb钢连续冷却转变的影响

通过热模拟实验对不含硼和含硼低碳Mn-Nb钢在连续冷却过程中的相变进行研究,分别绘制了两种钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并对不同冷却速度的试样进行组织观察和显微硬度分析.结果表明:变形使低碳Mn-Nb钢CCT曲线左移,提高开始转变温度,促进了多边形铁素体和珠光体的转变;微量硼的加入使低碳Mn-Nb钢CCT曲线右移,显著降低开始转变温度,明显抑制铁素体和珠光体转变,减小铁素体和珠光体存在的冷却速度范围,显著提高了低碳Mn-Nb钢的显微硬度.     

含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

铌钒微合金化高强度船板钢的连续冷却转变规律

利用相变仪和热模拟试验机模拟现场生产工艺条件测定了一种铌钒微合金化高强度船板钢的静态和经三种终轧温度变形后的动态连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明:同静态CCT曲线比较,实验钢的动态CCT曲线整体向左上方移动.随冷却速度的增大,实验钢的γ/α相变开始温度逐渐降低;贝氏体相变开始温度Bs先升高到一个平台,随冷却速度的进一步增加又降低;铁素体晶粒细化.终轧温度自900降至800℃,动态CCT曲线的γ/α相变开始温度及贝氏体上临界冷却速度轻微增加,Bs下降10℃左右,晶粒细化.     

低碳微合金管线钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用膨胀法和差热分析法结合金相-硬度法,在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上测定一种低碳微合金管线钢以不同速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合DSC曲线和金相组织分析,确定该钢的临界温度及相变温度,获得该钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT图),研究该钢连续冷却时的奥氏体转变。研究结果表明:添加0.21%Mo起到抑制铁素体和珠光体作用,促进针状铁素体组织的形成,实验钢在5.0～20.0℃/s的较宽冷却速度范围内连续冷却都能得到需要的针状铁素体组织,表明低碳Mn-Nb-Mo微合金管线钢容易得到管线钢工程所需要的组织。     

20CrNi2MoV钢连续冷却过程中的相变行为

利用热力模拟试验机研究了20CrNi2MoV钢在变形和未变形条件下的连续冷却相变行为及微观组织演变规律,绘制了该实验钢静态和动态连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,分析了合金元素、冷却速度和变形条件等对其连续冷却相变行为的影响。结果表明:20CrNi2MoV钢中Cr、Ni、Mo等合金元素使得过冷奥氏体稳定性增强,贝氏体相变可以在较宽的中温转变温度区间发生;随着冷却速度的增加,20CrNi2MoV钢的铁素体相变温度下降,铁素体扩散型相变受到抑制,贝氏体中温区相变得到加强;变形使得20CrNi2MoV钢CCT曲线的铁素体和珠光体转变线明显左移,并且由于变形作用,贝氏体相变温度提高。     

热变形过程中γ→α相变开始温度的预测——C-Mn钢与Nb-v微合金钢

以Cahn理论和Scheil法则为基础,讨论了热变形过程对γ α相变的影响,预测了C Mn钢变形过程铁素体析出的开始温度Ar3d和Nb V钢连续冷却转变开始温度Ar3·结果表明,同样变形条件下,碳含量或锰含量越低的钢种Ar3d越高;同一成分钢种,随着变形量增大或变形速率降低Ar3d提高;随着冷却速率的增加,Ar3温度降低;变形可以提高Ar3温度·用该方法进行的计算机模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明这种理论处理方法可用来模拟这种相变过程·     

72A帘线钢连续冷却转变规律的分析

采用热膨胀法在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上测定72A帘线钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并分析开始冷却温度为900 ℃时不同冷却速度下帘线钢的室温组织和连续冷却转变规律.结果表明,随着冷却速度的加快,72A帘线钢的转变开始温度降低、完成转变时间缩短、珠光体片层间距变细,但连续冷却转变条件下得到钢中珠光体组织的均匀性较差.     

不同终轧温度下36Mn2V钢的连续冷却转变规律

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,测定了36Mn2V钢经四种终轧温度变形后的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,获得了该钢种的连续冷却转变曲线.结果表明:随冷却速度的增大,实验钢的γ/α相变开始温度逐渐降低,贝氏体相变开始温度先升高到一个平台,随冷却速度的进一步增加又降低,晶粒细化;随终轧温度的降低,实验钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线整体向左上方移动,网状铁素体和晶内铁素体明显减少,晶粒略有细化;经四种温度终轧后以3℃.s-1的冷速冷却到室温的四个试样中,唯独950℃终轧的试样中未观察到贝氏体.     

28CrMnMoV钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测量28CrMnMoV钢以不同速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合差热分析法和金相-硬度法,确定临界点及相变温度点,绘制并分析和应用过冷奥氏体的连续冷却曲线(CCT图),研究实验钢连续冷却时的奥氏体转变.研究结果表明:实验钢过冷奥氏体在高温区可能发生铁素体转变和珠光体转变,中温区可能发生贝氏体转变,低温区可能发生马氏体转变;当冷却速度为0.05～0.5℃/s时,转变产物为多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体的混合组织;在1～5℃/s的冷却速度范围内,转变产物为贝氏体;当冷却速度大于5℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体;合金元素Cr,Mo,V有抑制奥氏体扩散分解的作用,以低于1℃/s的速度冷却才会有先共析铁素体和珠光体;锰质量分数较高对贝氏体转变有明显的促进作用,在0.05～10℃/s的较宽速度范围内连续冷却会发生贝氏体转变.根据测得的CCT图指导28CrMnMoV钢的分级控冷工艺,可在减小钢管淬火应力的同时,为V150油套管的高强韧性提供组织保障.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.