不同持荷下自密实混凝土加固既有RC梁抗弯性能试验

针对自密实混凝土加固既有混凝土桥梁时结构初始损伤和持荷加固等对加固梁抗弯性能的影响,设计和制作了8片钢筋混凝土T梁,对其进行加载造成初始损伤,然后在不同持荷水平下对其进行自密实混凝土增大截面加固,并对加固梁进行抗弯性能测试,以明确持荷水平和自密实混凝土加固厚度对RC梁抗弯性能的影响,包括构件裂缝分布形态、破坏形式、挠度变形和混凝土应变发展等,最后探讨了加固梁抗弯承载力计算方法。研究结果表明:该试验采用的自密实混凝土增大截面加固方法能有效提高构件的抗弯刚度,增大抗弯承载力约1倍,并且加固梁均表现出良好的延性破坏特征;混凝土梁底加固厚度能在一定程度上提高构件抗弯承载力,但效果不明显,其提高程度小于加固截面自重的增长;低持荷水平对加固梁抗弯承载力退化影响不大,甚至略有提高,但高持荷水平会引起加固梁抗弯承载力在一定程度退化,持荷水平对加固梁抗弯刚度的影响依赖于其引起的梁表面裂缝张合情况,裂缝闭合时,一定的持荷对于加固梁的抗弯刚度具有促进作用,但高持荷加固梁表面存在开口裂缝时会引起其抗弯刚度退化;对于适筋加固梁,基于平截面假定和塑性极限方法,忽略二次受力的影响,直接按受拉钢筋屈服对加固梁抗弯承载力计算具有较高的精度。     

自密实混凝土在水泥厂生料库工程中的应用

21世纪将是高性能混凝土（HPC）发展的时代,本文简要介绍了自密实混凝土在水泥厂生料库工程锥环梁部位的应用。工程实践证明,采用自密实混凝土浇筑钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋密集部位效果好,具有良好的经济和社会效益。     

疲劳荷载对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁刚度影响的试验研究

为研究短期疲劳荷载对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响,对8根钢筋混凝土梁进行了疲劳及静力加载试验研究。结果表明:短期疲劳荷载对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁性能的影响明显大于未锈蚀梁的,其裂缝发展速度更快,分布区域也更加集中,锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的协同工作能力降低;疲劳加载后的锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁塑性变形能力降低,抗弯刚度退化的幅度更大;提高混凝土强度可以在一定程度上提高锈蚀梁的屈服荷载等力学指标,减少因钢筋锈蚀导致的混凝土梁抗弯性能的下降幅度,有利于提高混凝土梁的耐久性性能。     

自密实混凝土受弯梁受力性能试验

对自密实混凝土受弯梁的受力性能进行试验研究,通过试验得出自密实混凝土受弯梁的开裂荷载、抗弯承载力、抗剪承载力、构件延性和破坏形态,并与普通混凝土梁进行对比分析。试验结果表明:自密实混凝土梁在竖向荷载作用下,承载能力与破坏特征和普通混凝土梁相近,自密实混凝土梁具有良好的抗弯性能,阻裂性能和变形性能,其承载能力与普通混凝土相比有所提高。     

碳纤维布加固不同锈蚀率钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能研究

为研究碳纤维布加固不同锈蚀率钢筋混凝土梁的的抗弯性能,通过外加电流法获得锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁粘贴碳纤维布加固后进行受弯试验。结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁整体上随着钢筋锈蚀率的提高,其承载力和抗弯刚度不断降低;锈蚀严重时,会发生脆性破坏;锈蚀混凝土梁粘贴碳纤维布加固可以明显提高其承载力和抗弯刚度;同时随着钢筋锈蚀率的提高,抗弯刚度的增加幅度也不断提高,而承载力的增幅影响不大。在试验及分析结果的基础上,引入锈蚀梁整体刚度退化系数以及考虑到碳纤维布拱作用模式的影响,进而提出了碳纤维布加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯刚度的计算方法。     

不同掺量钢纤维自密实混凝土梁的抗弯性能有限元分析

根据理论计算与试配获得了不同掺量的钢纤维自密实混凝土配合比,由混凝土力学性能试验得到各配合比下混凝土的力学性能指标,并以实测材料参数为依据,通过ANSYS有限元模型,分析不同钢纤维掺量的钢筋自密实混凝土梁的抗弯性能及裂缝分布,并找到最佳钢纤维自密实混凝土配合比,为工程实践提供参考.计算结果表明,掺钢纤维的钢筋自密实混凝土梁,其开裂荷载、屈服荷载、弯曲韧性及结构刚度与普通钢筋自密实混凝土梁相比得到提升,并且实际极限荷载也能得到相应改善.     

混杂纤维替代箍筋矩形梁抗剪性能试验

选取混杂纤维自密实混凝土为研究对象,通过对不同纤维掺量的纤维混凝土矩形梁进行跨中对称集中荷载加载.深入研究了混杂纤维对自密实混凝土矩形梁的抗剪承载力、斜裂缝以及破坏形态的影响规律.试验结果表明,混杂纤维能有效的提高自密实混凝土矩形梁的抗剪承载力和变形能力.     

养护及拌合条件对混凝土密实性的影响

为研究不同养护及拌合条件对混凝土密实性能的影响,通过实验室混凝土成型养护试验,以测试混凝土试件超声波波速为评价指标,分别研究了C30基准混凝土,在海水拌合及普通自来水拌合条件下,浇筑成型素混凝土和钢筋混凝土等2类试件,分别采用自然养护、自来水养护及海水养护等3种方式,测试其在养护龄期3,7,14,28 d时混凝土试件的超声波波速,以反映混凝土的密实性能。结果表明:海水拌合混凝土在混凝土早期(3～14 d),养护条件对混凝土密实性影响较小;养护后期海水拌合钢筋混凝土及海水养护钢筋混凝土中的Cl~(-1)及SO_4~(2-)与水泥水化产生的Ca(OH)_2反应,致使内部钢筋出现了部分锈蚀,混凝土内部出现了微裂纹,从而使混凝土强度及密实性均降低。其中,海水养护钢筋混凝土28 d波速降低幅度最大,降幅达11%;增加早期湿养护(自来水养护)龄期,可适当增强海水钢筋混凝土的强度和密实性。     

钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土静态力学性能研究

钢纤维的桥联作用及其与橡胶颗粒的协同作用可显著改善混凝土性能,而针对钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土的静态力学性能及其本构关系的研究较少。通过在10%、20%、30%橡胶颗粒掺量的橡胶自密实混凝土中分别外掺体积掺量为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的钢纤维,制备出钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土试件,进行棱柱体轴心抗压试验,探讨钢纤维掺量、橡胶颗粒掺量对试件的典型力学特征量的影响,建立钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土轴心抗压强度的本构关系。结果表明：钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土试件呈现延性破坏的同时,其完整性也较好;随着橡胶颗粒掺量的提高,试件轴心抗压强度逐渐降低;当钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土中的橡胶颗粒掺量较高时(20%、30%),钢纤维对橡胶自密实混凝土轴心抗压强度无明显的增强效果;橡胶颗粒的掺入提高了试件的峰值应变,当橡胶颗粒掺量为10%时,达到最大值,增长幅度为10%;不同的钢纤维掺入量对钢纤维橡胶混凝土的峰值应变普遍有增强效果,但没有呈现出明显的规律性;轴心抗压本构关系能反映钢纤维橡胶自密实混凝土力学性能。     

粉煤灰对自密实混凝土早期强度的影响

通过掺加粉煤灰的自密实混凝土及其未掺粉煤灰对比组的试验,研究了粉煤灰对自密实混凝土早期抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,讨论了粉煤灰的影响机理.试验结果表明,粉煤灰对自密实混凝土的抗压强度和抗拉强度影响较大,且随着粉煤灰掺量的提高,对强度的降低效果更加明显.为了保证自密实混凝土的早期强度,应严格控制粉煤灰掺量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-