四端介观量子网络中电子自旋的相干输运性质

采用解线性方程组的方法,研究了存在磁通时,四端介观量子网络中电子自旋的相干输运性质。该四端网络由具有Rashba自旋-轨道耦合互作用的量子线构成,数值计算了自旋电导对约化磁通和自旋-轨道耦合强度的依赖关系。计算结果表明:该网络中的自旋相干输运性质由约化磁通和Rashba自旋-轨道耦合之间的相互作用共同决定。这种结构中,一些端可以作为栅极控制其他端的自旋流,该四端多通道网络结构为调控电子自旋的相干输运提供了更多的选择。     

受多体效应影响的平行双量子点结构中的自旋输运

采用非平衡态格林函数方法,研究了一个三电极的平行双量子点结构中由局域Rashba型自旋轨道耦合诱导的自旋极化的电子输运.结果发现,当电子从"源"电极经量子点区到两个"漏"电极时,它能根据自身的自旋态选择终端,即自旋极化和自旋分离可在这一结构同时实现.同时发现,量子点内的库仑相互作用对该体系的自旋输运性质有重要影响,其中有额外电极与之耦合的量子点中的库仑相互作用的强度对自旋输运起主要调节作用.     

量子点环Aharonov-Bohm干涉器中的电子自旋极化输运

采用非平衡态格林函数方法,研究了四量子点环嵌入AB干涉器中,由局域Rashba自旋轨道耦合诱导的电子自旋极化输运。在体系处于平衡态的情况下,当电子从"源"电极经量子点区到"漏"电极时,通过调节穿过AB干涉器的磁通和量子点上的局域Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度,输运电子的两种自旋态出现了完全极化现象。同时,量子点内的库仑相互作用对体系的自旋输运性质有重要影响。     

三终端量子点环中的自旋极化输运

利用非平衡态格林函数方法,研究了一个存在局域Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用的三电极量子点环结构中的电子输运性质.结果发现,Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用引起的自旋相关的量子干涉效应能够在电极中产生自旋流.这种自旋流的大小、方向以及自旋极化度等性质可以通过纯电学手段改变系统参数来加以调控.在适当选择这些参数时,电极中甚至可以产生完全自旋极化流或纯自旋流.这些效应说明我们所研究的系统可用来设计纯电学的自旋流产生装置.     

由Rashba效应和横向自旋轨道耦合诱发的量子点接触中的0.7反常结构研究

本文研究了在非对称限制势下由Rashba效应和横向自旋-轨道耦合诱发的量子点接触系统中的反常量子输运行为. 研究发现,在一定范围的Rashba相互作用强度下, 电导在0.8×2e2/h附近有一个较弱的坪台. 该坪台电导的值与非对称限制势的偏压有关. 在某个范围的偏压下, 它会随着偏压的增大而减小. 另外, 由于Rashba自旋-轨道耦合效应, 在非对称限制势作用下电子将会自旋极化. 因此, 在没有任何外加磁场的情况下, 采用纯电学手段即可做成量子点接触自旋偏振器.     

由Rashba效应和横向自旋轨道耦合诱发的量子点接触中的0.7反常结构研究（英文）

本文研究了在非对称限制势下由Rashba效应和横向自旋-轨道耦合诱发的量子点接触系统中的反常量子输运行为.研究发现,在一定范围的Rashba相互作用强度下,电导在0.8×2e~2/h附近有一个较弱的坪台.该坪台电导的值与非对称限制势的偏压有关.在某个范围的偏压下,它会随着偏压的增大而减小.另外,由于Rashba自旋-轨道耦合效应,在非对称限制势作用下电子将会自旋极化.因此,在没有任何外加磁场的情况下,采用纯电学手段即可做成量子点接触自旋偏振器.     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的自旋极化输运

采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,研究了具有不同自旋指向的极化电子渡越铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的隧穿几率和自旋极化率.研究表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随半导体长度的改变发生周期性变化、随Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的改变发生准周期变化,并且在2铁磁电极中磁矩取向平行时;选择适当的半导体的长度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度可以得到较大的自旋极化率.     

与二维电子气耦合的双量子点中的自旋极化输运

研究磁场作用下与左右两个二维电子气耦合的双量子点系统中的自旋极化输运过程.结果发现当两个量子点靠近时,电导中会出现Dicke效应导致的不对称尖峰.随着量子点间的距离增大,Dicke尖峰变宽并向低能级方向移动.当磁场只施加在二维电子气中时,量子点中的电导是自旋无极化的;但是当量子点的能级发生塞曼分裂时,电导中自旋朝上和朝下电导的尖峰在能量空间向相反方向移动,但保持大小不变.计算结果还发现两个量子点能级的差会在电导的Dicke尖峰附近产生额外的谷,并降低尖峰的高度.所研究的结构有望用于自旋过滤或分离装置.     

交换耦合双能级量子点的全计数统计

基于粒子数分辨的量子主方程,研究了自旋交换耦合双能级量子点中的电子全计数统计,给出了平均电流、散粒噪声和偏斜度.库仑排斥和交换作用导致了平均电流中的小平台;散粒噪声和铁磁电极的极化率以及量子点与电极的不对称耦合密切相关.极化率和量子点电极不对称耦合越大,超泊松散粒噪声越容易出现.当两个自旋单态通道能级参与输运时散粒噪声会大大降低,而当两个自旋三重态通道能级同时参与输运时散粒噪声则会明显增大.     

耦合于铁磁电极平行双量子点的自旋极化输运

利用双杂质的Anderson模型的哈密顿量,从理论上研究了耦合于铁磁电极的平行双量子点的自旋极化输运性质,并借助运动方程方法求解了哈密顿量.结果表明,该系统在费米能级处的Kondo共振峰与自旋极化强度和磁通量的取值有关.与此同时,在平行组态情况下,Kondo共振峰位置发生了偏移,而在反平行组态情况下,Kondo共振峰出现在相同位置处.这些现象使得这一双量子点系统的物理特性更加丰富,它们将有助于解释自旋电子学中的电子关联问题.     

自旋相关耦合双量子点的非平衡输运特性

采用K e ldysh非平衡格林函数方法,研究了电子通过耦合双量子点的自旋极化输运特性.我们考虑量子点中的电子电子相互作用,在H artree-Fock近似下给出自旋分离流的普遍表达式.数值结果显示:随着偏压的增加,不同自旋取向的电子所占居的等效能级相继进入偏压窗口,自旋极化流振荡,电荷流持续增加.这些变化特性可以很好的用自旋相关的共振隧穿理论给予解释.     

Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot

The ability to control the quantum state of a single electron spin in a quantum dot is at the heart of recent developments towards a scalable spin-based quantum computer. In combination with the recently demonstrated controlled exchange gate between two neighbouring spins, driven coherent single spin rotations would permit universal quantum operations. Here, we report the experimental realization of single electron spin rotations in a double quantum dot. First, we apply a continuous-wave oscillating magnetic field, generated on-chip, and observe electron spin resonance in spin-dependent transport measurements through the two dots. Next, we coherently control the quantum state of the electron spin by applying short bursts of the oscillating magnetic field and observe about eight oscillations of the spin state (so-called Rabi oscillations) during a microsecond burst. These results demonstrate the feasibility of operating single-electron spins in a quantum dot as quantum bits.     

Majorana束缚态对正常金属/三量子点/超导结构输运性质的影响

正常金属/量子点/超导结构可以产生Andreev反射现象,如果在量子点上耦合Majorana束缚态(MBSs),其Andreev反射电导将发生特殊的变化,因而可用于探测MBSs.研究了MBSs对连接在正常金属和超导体之间的线型三量子点输运性质的影响,发现零费米能处的Andreev反射电导在不考虑MBSs之间的耦合时始终等于0.5G₀(G₀=2e²/h),不受量子点能级、量子点间耦合强度、量子点与电极之间耦合强度的影响,具有明显的鲁棒性.     

双势垒磁性隧道结中电子的自旋极化输运

 采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,数值计算了两端具有铁磁接触的双势垒异质结构(F/DB/F)中自旋相关的隧穿几率和自旋极化率。结果表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随阱宽的增加发生振荡周期不随垒厚变化的周期性振荡;Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的增加加大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振荡频率;隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振幅和峰谷比强烈依赖于两铁磁电极中磁化方向的夹角。与铁磁/半导体/铁磁（F/S/F）磁性隧道结中的结果相比,发现垒厚的增加增大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的峰谷比,自旋极化率的取值明显增大,并具有自旋劈裂和自旋翻转现象出现。     

Coupling of spin and orbital motion of electrons in carbon nanotubes

Electrons in atoms possess both spin and orbital degrees of freedom. In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, these are independent, resulting in large degeneracies in atomic spectra. However, relativistic effects couple the spin and orbital motion, leading to the well-known fine structure in their spectra. The electronic states in defect-free carbon nanotubes are widely believed to be four-fold degenerate, owing to independent spin and orbital symmetries, and also to possess electron-hole symmetry. Here we report measurements demonstrating that in clean nanotubes the spin and orbital motion of electrons are coupled, thereby breaking all of these symmetries. This spin-orbit coupling is directly observed as a splitting of the four-fold degeneracy of a single electron in ultra-clean quantum dots. The coupling favours parallel alignment of the orbital and spin magnetic moments for electrons and antiparallel alignment for holes. Our measurements are consistent with recent theories that predict the existence of spin-orbit coupling in curved graphene and describe it as a spin-dependent topological phase in nanotubes. Our findings have important implications for spin-based applications in carbon-based systems, entailing new design principles for the realization of quantum bits (qubits) in nanotubes and providing a mechanism for all-electrical control of spins in nanotubes.     

自旋轨道耦合对铁磁/半导体/绝缘体多层膜结构中隧穿性质的影响

利用传递矩阵方法,计算了自旋轨道耦合对铁磁/半导体/绝缘体多层膜结构中隧穿性质的影响.结果表明,当半导体和铁磁体之间是绝缘接触时,体系的输运性质发生明显改变,同时出现了自旋反转效应.     

串联强耦合双量子点的电子全计数统计研究

基于有效粒子数分辨的量子主方程,研究了电子通过串联强耦合双量子点系统的全计数统计.当系统与源极耦合强度远大于漏极,并且与源极耦合的左量子点能级高于与漏极耦合的右量子点时,即εL＞εR,在合适的能级失谐情形下,观察到负微分电导,并且其伴随着超泊松噪声,但超泊松噪声偏压区域比较小;但是当εL＜εR时,观察到一个比较大的超泊松噪声偏压区域,并且此噪声特性在大能级失谐情形下依然存在.这些超泊松噪声特性可以定性地归结于快慢输运通道之间的有效竞争.     

Crossover from 'mesoscopic' to 'universal' phase for electron transmission in quantum dots

The measurement of phase in coherent electron systems--that is, 'mesoscopic' systems such as quantum dots--can yield information about fundamental transport properties that is not readily apparent from conductance measurements. Phase measurements on relatively large quantum dots recently revealed that the phase evolution for electrons traversing the dots exhibits a 'universal' behaviour, independent of dot size, shape, and electron occupancy. Specifically, for quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime, the transmission phase increases monotonically by pi throughout each conductance peak; in the conductance valleys, the phase returns sharply to its starting value. The expected mesoscopic features in the phase evolution--related to the dot's shape, spin degeneracy or to exchange effects--have not been observed, and there is at present no satisfactory explanation for the observed universality in phase behaviour. Here we report the results of phase measurements on a series of small quantum dots, having occupancies of between only 1-20 electrons, where the phase behaviour for electron transmission should in principle be easier to interpret. In contrast to the universal behaviour observed thus far only in the larger dots, we see clear mesoscopic features in the phase measurements when the dot occupancy is less than approximately 10 electrons. As the occupancy increases, the manner of phase evolution changes and universal behaviour is recovered for some 14 electrons or more. The identification of a transition from the expected mesoscopic behaviour to universal phase evolution should help to direct and constrain theoretical models for the latter.     

Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin-valves

A spin valve is a layered structure of magnetic and non-magnetic (spacer) materials whose electrical resistance depends on the spin state of electrons passing through the device and so can be controlled by an external magnetic field. The discoveries of giant magnetoresistance and tunnelling magnetoresistance in metallic spin valves have revolutionized applications such as magnetic recording and memory, and launched the new field of spin electronics--'spintronics'. Intense research efforts are now devoted to extending these spin-dependent effects to semiconductor materials. But while there have been noteworthy advances in spin injection and detection using inorganic semiconductors, spin-valve devices with semiconducting spacers have not yet been demonstrated. pi-conjugated organic semiconductors may offer a promising alternative approach to semiconductor spintronics, by virtue of their relatively strong electron-phonon coupling and large spin coherence. Here we report the injection, transport and detection of spin-polarized carriers using an organic semiconductor as the spacer layer in a spin-valve structure, yielding low-temperature giant magnetoresistance effects as large as 40 per cent.