碳纳米管添加剂对Lyocell纺丝原液流变行为及其纤维结构与性能的影响

制备了添加不同质量分数多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)的Lyocell纺丝原液,对其流变性能进行了研究,并通过干湿法纺丝得到MWNTs填充的Loycell纤维,分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)和强度仪等对纤维的形态结构与力学性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,添加了MWNTs的纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶液属典型的切力变稀型流体.随着溶液中MWNTs添加量的增加,溶液粘度逐渐增大.在MNT质量分数达到1%时,体系粘度呈现出最大值,但随着MWNTs质量分数的进一步增加,体系的粘度又出现明显的下降趋势.对所制得的MWNTs/Lyocell复合纤维的SEM分析结果显示当MWNRs质量分数≤1%时,MWNTs在Lyocell基体中分布均匀;当MWNTs质量分数＞1%时,复合纤维中MWNTs开始发生团聚.对纤维的力学性能分析进一步表明添加适量的MWNTs可使Lyocell纤维的力学性能提高,其中,1% MWNTs质量分数的Lyocell纤维的初始模量和强度分别比未添加MWNTs的Lyocell增加32.9%和18.8%.     

凝胶纺壳聚糖分散碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈纤维的研究

多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)通过壳聚糖衍生物处理后与超高分子量聚丙烯腈进行复合,将得到的复合材料通过凝胶纺丝法制备出不同复合比例的MWNTs/聚丙烯腈纤维.将不同纺丝方法以及不同比例MWNTs对拉伸强度、模量、取向度、结晶结构的影响进行比较研究,同时通过电镜观察MWNTs的分散状况.结果表明:相比于湿法纺丝,通过凝胶纺丝法制备的复合纤维,MWNTs取向更好,分散更为均匀,纤维拉伸强度、模量都得到显著提高.对比未加MWNTs的对照样,在这个体系中加入质量分数为0.5%的MWNTs复合时,拉伸强度提高37%,弹性模量提高11.68%,并且声速取向度维持在相当高的水平(92.5%).     

PP/PLA盆底复合补片的制备与性能

以医用聚乳酸(PLA)切片为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备PLA纤维膜,然后将其作为隔离层直接喷到两种不同的聚丙烯(PP)经编网眼结构网片上,制备PP/PLA盆底复合补片.对PP/PLA复合补片的表观形态、纤维直径、孔径、亲水性、断裂强力,以及PLA纤维膜与PP补片间的剥离强度进行试验研究.试验结果表明:复合补片中PLA纤维的直径较均匀,PP网片的结构对静电纺纤维膜的形态有很大影响,纤维膜趋于模仿接收网片的形态结构;两种结构的PP/PLA复合补片的水接触角均大于90°,即亲水性较差;PP补片和PLA纤维膜之间的剥离强度主要依靠物理吸附作用;PLA纤维膜的断裂强度较大、而断裂伸长率较小.     

胶原/聚氧化乙烯复合微纳米纤维的静电纺制备及表征

以六氟异丙醇体积分数为50%的乙酸溶液为溶剂,制备I型胶原/聚氧化乙烯(PEO)复合静电纺微纳米纤维,研究了PEO质量分数对静电纺纤维形貌的影响,测试了不同胶原/PEO质量比(m(胶原)∶m(PEO))时的纺丝液黏度和电导率.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析对胶原/PEO复合纤维进行表征.结果表明,PEO的加入使纺丝液黏度增大,电导率减小,可有效提高胶原的可纺性.当m(胶原)∶m(PEO)为70∶30时,纤维形貌良好,平均直径为(267±45)nm.复合静电纺纤维中胶原与PEO分子链间存在一定的分子间作用力,但并没有改变彼此的化学结构.通过静电纺制备的胶原/PEO复合微纳米纤维膜由于其特有的结构和功能性,有望应用于伤口敷料和组织工程等生物医用领域.     

氧化亚铜内嵌碳纳米管复合球的合成及光催化性能研究

采用溶液法原位制备了氧化亚铜内嵌碳纳米管(Cu2O/MWNTs)复合球.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),紫外光度分析仪对复合球进行了形貌分析和性能检测.结果表明:碳纳米管均匀嵌镶在Cu2O球内部;比较了Cu2O和氧化亚铜内嵌碳纳米管(Cu2O/MWNTs)复合球对对硝基苯酚的光催化效果,Cu2O...     

TPGS-脂质体/丝素蛋白复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

为改善脂质体稳定性差、载药率低、半衰期短等缺点,采用聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)对其进行修饰.研究表明,通过绿色静电纺技术可以成功制备负载TPGS-脂质体的丝素蛋白(SF)复合纳米纤维.由扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析显示,TPGS-脂质体分布在SF纤维上形成复合纳米纤维,且该复合纳米纤维表面光滑、直径分布均匀.细胞增殖实验表明,负载TPGS-脂质体的SF纳米纤维具有良好的细胞相容性.     

MWNTs/PET纳米复合材料的研究

通过原位聚合的方法制备出纯PET和PET/MWNTs-COOH纳米复合材料.用透射电镜分析了MWNTs在乙二醇中的分散情况.用邵氏硬度计分析仪研究了MWNTs对PET硬度的影响,结果表明MWNTs提高了PET的邵氏硬度.用红外和透射电镜结合对复合材料的结构进行了分析.结果表明,MWNTs与PET分子发生了反应,很好地分散在PET的基体中,增强了PET的硬度.     

复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO_2制备条件优化研究

目的研究煅烧时间、煅烧温度、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)投加量、溶胶体系pH值、载体投加量等因素分别对复合光催化剂多壁碳纳米管/二氧化钛(MWNTs/TiO_2)光催化性能的影响,以及多因素共同作用下复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO_2的最优化制备条件,同时考察最优化复合光催化剂对氧乐果的降解效率.方法以异丙醇和钛酸四丁酯为原料,经溶胶-凝胶制备MWNTs/TiO_2复合纳米光催化剂,通过控制煅烧时间、煅烧温度、PSS投加量、溶胶体系pH值、载体投加量等制备条件进行正交实验确定最优化制备条件,同时采用表面形貌分析、X射线光谱仪(EDX)等方法对催化剂进行表征;用优化制备的MWNTs/TiO_2光催化降解氧乐果,确定其降解效率.结果马弗炉600℃煅烧5.5 h,投加PSS 3 g/L,所投加MWNTs质量与投加纳米TiO_2质量之比为1.25%,控制溶胶体系pH值为4是最优化制备条件;优化制备的光催化剂MWNTs/TiO_2反应3 h,氧乐果的降解率为40.56%.结论优化后的MWNTs/TiO_2对氧乐果农药废水具有更好的降解效果.     

表面活性剂对普鲁士蓝复合修饰电极性能的影响

使用滴涂的方法制备多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)修饰电极(MWNTs/GCE),并利用循环伏安法在该电极表面沉积普鲁士蓝(PB),从而得到普鲁士蓝-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(PB/MWNTs/GCE),相对于相同条件下在裸玻碳电极表面制备的PB修饰电极,该电极表现出更优良的电化学性质。通过使用不同性质的表面活性剂对MWNTs进行分散,制备了系列MWNTs基PB修饰电极,并研究了表面活性剂对PB复合修饰电极性能的影响。实验结果表明,表面活性剂的加入提高了PB/MWNTs/GCE基修饰电极对过氧化氢的检测范围。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜的制备

用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜,探讨了不同浓度、分子量及聚乙烯醇添加比例对纳米纤维膜成形的影响,运用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜的形貌进行了分析,同时对其力学和亲水性能进行了测试.结果表明:当分子量为5×105g/mol、质量分数为4%、聚乙烯醇的添加比例为40%时,所制备复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的形貌,具有一定的力学性能,且呈疏水性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to